2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十二　政治经济（A）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十二　政治经济（A）

www.ks5u.com 话题十二　政治经济(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A ‎[2020·济南高三模拟] The United States Congress is responsible for making and approving federal laws — rules that everyone in the country must follow. But exactly how do those laws get made? The process is not easy, and it takes a long time.‎ A law begins when someone puts forward an idea. The idea can come from anyone, but it has to get to a U．S. lawmaker who wants it to become legislation(法律). In time, the idea is further developed into a written proposal, called a bill.‎ Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill. After the bill is introduced, it is sent to a small group of lawmakers, called a “committee”. Sometimes committee members seek more information about the proposal by holding hearings. Sometimes the committee changes the bill. Sometimes it decides not to take any action. In that case, we say lawmakers “table” the bill, or let it “die in the committee”．‎ But now and then, the bill is offered to lawmakers not on the committee. Those lawmakers debate the bill further. They might change the bill again. Finally, the full House or Senate votes on the bill. If it does not earn the majority of votes, the bill does not advance.‎ Finally, the agreedupon bill is sent to the president. If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law. If the president does nothing and Congress is officially meeting, the bill becomes a law. But if the president does nothing and Congress is not in session, the bill does not pass. Or the president can officially reject the bill. If that happens, the bill is not stopped. Instead, it is returned to both the Senate and the House. If twothirds of the senators and twothirds of the House members approve the bill once again, even with the president objecting, they turn the bill into a law.‎ ‎1．Who is the first to propose a bill?‎ A．A lawyer. ‎ B．A citizen.‎ C．A member of Congress. ‎ D．A committee member.‎ ‎2．When does a bill finally become a law?‎ A．After it is sent to a committee.‎ B．When the president signs it.‎ C．After it returns to the Congress.‎ D．While Congress is not in session.‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．Not every bill can be turned into a law.‎ B．Anybody can put forward a proposal.‎ C．If “tabled”， the bill has to be voted on.‎ D．Once proposed, the bill can't be changed.‎ B ‎[2020·重庆一中高三下学期月考(三)]Finland is the happiest place on Earth, according to the World Happiness Report 2018 of 156 countries.‎ ‎ The report, released on Wednesday by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, ranks the countries of the world based on six different categories of wellbeing: income, freedom, trust, healthy life expectancy, generosity and social support. This year's report also pays special attention to the happiness of each country's immigrants.‎ ‎ The U. S. dropped four spots from 2017 and landed in 18th place. And last year's winner, Norway, came in second place — followed by Denmark, Iceland and Switzerland.‎ ‎ “The top five countries all have almost equally high values for the six factors found to support happiness, and four of these countries — Denmark, Switzerland, Norway and now Finland — have been in first place in the six World Happiness Report rankings since the first report in 2012”， coeditor John Helliwell told CNN. “In a division with such excellent teams, changes in the top spot are to be expected.”‎ ‎ Rounding out the top 10 happiest countries was Canada in seventh place, then New Zealand, Sweden and Australia. The order of the top 10 countries changed from the 2017 list but the countries did not, according to the report. They were also 10 of the 11 top spots in the immigrant happiness category (including Mexico — 24th overall, but 10th in immigration)．‎ ‎ “The most striking finding of the report is the remarkable consistency between the happiness of the immigrants and the locallyborn，” Helliwell said in a statement. “Although immigrants come from countries with very different levels of happiness, their reported life evaluations resemble those of other residents in their new countries. Those who move to happier countries gain, while those who move to less happy countries lose.”‎ ‎ Other major world powers were placed in significantly low spots on the list. Germany came in 15th, the U. K. was 19th — followed by Japan in 54th place, Russia in 59th and China in 86th.‎ ‎ The report, based on surveys completed by citizen volunteers, came just under a week before the International Day of Happiness on March 20, when the U. N. declared to recognize “the relevance of happiness and wellbeing as universal goals and aspirations in the lives of human beings around the world and the importance of their recognition in public policy objectives”．‎ ‎4．Which place did the U. S. rank in the World Happiness Report 2017?‎ A．14th. B．10th.‎ C．18th. D．22nd.‎ ‎5．What is the most significant finding of the report?‎ A．That immigrants are different from residents in their new countries.‎ B．That immigrants come from countries with different levels of happiness.‎ C．That immigrants become happy when they move to other countries.‎ D．That immigrants and locals feel the similar level of happiness.‎ ‎6．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．Happiness is no less important than any other aspect in life.‎ B．People's happiness and wellbeing should be considered when it comes to policymaking.‎ C．The happiness report came under a week before the International Day of Happiness.‎ D．What the U. N. declared was beneficial to all human beings.‎ ‎7．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．The International Day of Happiness B．Happiness — Forever Pursuit C．What's Your Happiness Index(指数)‎ D．The World Happiness Report 2018‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Best friends Joe and Paul spent the morning of June 23,1963, playing baseball. At about noon Paul started feeling __1__. He wanted a burger from the drugstore on Center Street with Joe.‎ ‎“Ummm, I'll ask my mom if I can go.” Joe said. The situation was difficult for Joe. There were __2__ that he shall not sit with his friend because of the color of his skin.‎ ‎“It's hot，” Joe's mother said.“ Why not take the bus to the drugstore？”‎ ‎“No, ma'am. Bikes are __3__.” Paul hated riding the bus with Joe because they would be __4__ to sit in the back.‎ When the boys reached Center Street, Joe started to get __5__.‎ ‎“Dad told me about some trouble here last week，” Joe said sadly.“ I'll just wait __6__.”‎ ‎“Not happening！” Paul said，as he grasped Joe's arm and the two boys __7__ into the drugstore.‎ A waiter gave them a dirty look and __8__ their way. “Go around back if you're __9__ him，” he said, pointing at Joe.‎ Before the boys could __10__， a soft voice interrupted the discussion. “These boys will be joining me.” The man and the boys __11__ to see a woman in a wheelchair. “Excuse me，” she said smiling, as she moved her chair toward the man, __12__ to go forward. Not wanting to appear __13__ to the woman, the man stepped aside.‎ Joe and Paul followed the woman to the chairs. She __14__ beside them and talked steadily as they ordered and ate their lunch. ‎ After the meal, she said，“ Two friends like you, that __15__ be a problem.” Then she wheeled away.‎ ‎1．A.hungry B．sick C．hot D．thirsty ‎2．A.beliefs B．chances C．sayings D．rules ‎3．A.necessary B．fine C．comfortable D．popular ‎4．A.guided B．forced C．advised D．persuaded ‎5．A.desperate B．curious C．nervous D．ashamed ‎6．A.downstairs B．inside C．upstairs D．outside ‎7．A.marched B．hurried C．slid D．broke ‎8．A.found B．made C．showed D．blocked ‎9．A.for B．with C．against D．after ‎10．A.declare B．leave C．respond D．enter ‎11．A.turned B．happened C．stopped D．expected ‎12．A.pretending B．hesitating C．intending D．begging ‎13．A.rude B．kind C．polite D．harmful ‎14．A.parked B．stood C．waited D．slept ‎15．A.needn't B．couldn't C．wouldn't D．shouldn't 话题十二　政治经济(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：社会　主题：美国法律的制定过程 ‎【文章大意】　该文主要介绍了美国法律的制定过程。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill”可知，第一个提出议案的人是国会成员。故选C。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句“If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law”可知，如果总统签署了一致同意的议案，那么该议案就成了一项法律。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是根据最后三段的内容可知，一项议案最终变成一项法律需要走很多程序，在这些程序中议案有可能被搁置或被否决，由此可推知，并不是每一项提案都会变成一项法律。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：介绍说明　主题：阐述2018年《世界幸福报告》‎ ‎【文章大意】　2018年《世界幸福报告》基于六项不同类别的幸福因素对世界各国的幸福指数进行了排名，而且还特别关注了移民的幸福指数，其中芬兰的幸福指数最高。‎ ‎【长难句分析】　The report, based on surveys completed by citizen volunteers, came just under a week before the International Day of Happiness on March 20, when the U. N. declared to recognize “the relevance of happiness and wellbeing as universal goals and aspirations in the lives of human beings around the world and the importance of their recognition in public policy objectives”．‎ 句式分析：本句主干为The report came just under a week。based on surveys completed by citizen volunteers为过去分词短语作定语，修饰主语The report; when the U. N. declared to recognize...为when引导的时间状语从句。‎ 句意：这份根据公民志愿者完成的调查得出的报告在3月20日国际幸福日之前不到一周的时间内发布。联合国在国际幸福日宣布承认“幸福和福祉是全世界人类生活中的普遍目标和期望，在公共政策目标中对此予以承认具有重要意义”。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The U. S. dropped four spots from 2017 and landed in 18th place.”可知，在2018年的世界幸福指数排名中，美国排在第18位，比2017年的排名下降了4位，这说明2017年美国排在第14位。故选A项。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The most striking finding of the report is the remarkable consistency between the happiness of the immigrants and the locallyborn”可知，这份报告中最明显的发现是，移民的幸福指数和当地人的幸福指数相似。故选D项。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the importance of their recognition in public policy objectives”可推知，制定公共政策要考虑到人类的幸福。故选B项。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Finland is the happiest place on Earth, according to the World Happiness Report 2018 of 156 countries.”及后文可知，本文通篇都在讨论2018年《世界幸福报告》。故选D项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文　题材：人与社会　主题：遭遇种族歧视 ‎【文章大意】　本文讲述了由于种族歧视，Joe和他的朋友Paul在药店买汉堡包时，受到不公正待遇，一个坐着轮椅的妇女帮他们解围的故事。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：A　考查形容词。根据下文的“He wanted a burger”可知，Paul开始感到饿了。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：D　考查名词。根据语境和下文的“shall”可知，根据规定，Joe因为肤色问题不能和他的朋友坐一起。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：B　考查形容词。根据上下文可知，黑人坐公交车会受到不公正待遇，因此Paul不愿意和Joe一起坐公交车，所以他说自行车很好，故选B。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：B　考查动词。根据语境可知，黑人受到歧视，坐公交车时会被强迫坐在后边，故选B。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：C　考查形容词。当他们到达中心街道时，Joe开始感到紧张，故选C。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：D　考查副词。Joe不愿意进店，所以他说想在外面等。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：A　考查动词。Paul不想Joe这么伤心地在外面等，就抓住他的胳膊，一同迈步走进了药店。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：D　考查动词。一个服务员给了他们一个鄙视的眼神，堵住了他们的路，让他们回去。故选D，表示“阻挡”。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：B　考查介词。那个服务员指着Joe说，如果Paul一定要和Joe一起，就回去。故选B。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：C　考查动词。在两个孩子回答之前，一个柔和的声音打断了他们的讨论。‎ ‎11．答案与解析：A　考查动词。服务员和两个孩子转身，看到一个坐着轮椅的妇女，故选A。‎ ‎12．答案与解析：C　考查动词。这个妇女将轮椅朝着服务员移去，打算向前移动，故选C，表示“打算”。pretend“假装”；hesitate“犹豫”；beg“乞求”。‎ ‎13．答案与解析：A　考查形容词。那个服务员不想对这个妇女表现出粗鲁的举动，就让开了。‎ ‎14．答案与解析：A　考查动词。由于那个妇女坐的是轮椅，所以她把轮椅停在两个人旁边，用park表示“停靠”。‎ ‎15．答案与解析：D　考查情态动词。那个妇女说，像你们这样的两个朋友，不应该是个问题。‎