【英语】天津市四合庄中学2020届高三上学期第一次月考试卷（解析版）

【英语】天津市四合庄中学2020届高三上学期第一次月考试卷（解析版）

天津市四合庄中学2020届高三上学期第一次月考英语试卷 一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15分）‎ ‎1.As _______ monitor of our class，Jason has _______ great responsibility to get the class to work together as a team..‎ A. a； the B. 不填； a C. a； 不填 D. a； a ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查冠词。句意：作为我们班的班长，杰森（Jason）肩负着使班级作为一个团队合作的重大责任。表示只有一人担任的头衔或职务的名词在作表语/同位语/补语或介词短语的宾语时不用冠词。monitor是表示独一无二的职位，在句中充当介词as的宾语，前面不加冠词，所以排除A、C和D．第二空考查了短语have a responsibility to do sth．故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】零冠词的用法如下:‎ ‎1.表示抽象概括意义时，不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词，例如:‎ ‎(1)Books are my best friends 书是我的好朋友。‎ ‎2.专有名词通常使用零冠词，例如:‎ ‎(1)Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer.‎ 鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。‎ ‎(2)London is the capital of England.‎ 伦敦是英国的首都。‎ ‎3.按照习惯下列各类名词使用零冠词:‎ ‎1)季节、月份、星期以及节假日(中国传统节日除外)等名词前， ‎ ‎2)三餐饭菜的名词 ‎3)语言、运动、游戏等名词 ‎4)在某些意义有改变的名词前要使用零冠词，例:‎ ‎（1）He has gone to (/)school.(to learn)‎ 他去上学了。‎ ‎4.在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前 ‎5.泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词(泛指的复数名词非零冠词):‎ ‎6.当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词。‎ 本题当中monitor是表示职位的名词，在句中充当介词as的宾语，前面不加冠词，所以选B项。‎ ‎2.The new playground to be built next year will be ____________ the old one.‎ A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查倍数表达法。句意：明年新建的操场将是老操场的三倍大。倍数表示法：……倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+as。故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 倍数表达法句型结构 用 times 表示倍数（一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数，一般用 twice ）。其句式有：(前三种为主)‎ ‎1. “… times ＋形容词 / 副词的比较级＋ than …”。例如：‎ This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大 5 倍。‎ He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago. 他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多 5 倍。‎ ‎2. “… times +as + 形容词 / 副词的原级＋ as …”例如：‎ This table is three times as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长。‎ This dictionary is five times as thick as the one you borrowed from the library. 这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本（厚度）的 5 倍。‎ ‎3. “… times + the + 名词（如：size，height，weight，length，width，age等）＋ of …”。例如：‎ The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的体积是月球的 49 倍。‎ This river is three times the depth of that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍深。‎ ‎3.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明；B. impact影响，效果；C. impression印象；D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。‎ ‎4.She often ________ her daughter on the way home after work.‎ A. joins up B. looks up C. picks up D. takes up ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：下班后，她经常在回家的路上接女儿。A. joins up 联合起来；B. looks up仰望；查阅；C. picks up拿起；（开车）接某人；D. takes up占据；开始从事。根据句意，这里要表达是妈妈开车接女儿，故选C项。‎ ‎5.Television is more than an electronic equipment; it _____ a powerful tool for communication.‎ A. was becoming B. has become ‎ C. had become D. will become ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查时态。句意: 电视不仅仅是一种电子设备； 它已成为强大的交流工具。根据前文的is可知本句应该用现在时。根据句意，这里表达的是电视“已经成为”强大的交流工具，是过去发生的事到现在造成的结果，所以用现在完成时，故选B项。‎ ‎6.【2018·天津】Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.‎ A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that ‎【答案】D 考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。‎ 点睛：本题考查连词短语词义辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意可以判断，这里考查so that引导的目的状语从句。‎ ‎7.（2015·天津）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.‎ A. that B. one C. it D. this ‎【答案】A 试题分析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。本题考查代词辨析。代词it, one和that都指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物，但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词，只可代指可数名词；that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词，可以代指不可数名词。one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。掌握好这些知识就不难选出答案。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。‎ ‎8.With two children _____ middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard.‎ A. to attend B. attending C. attended D. having attended ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查的非谓语动词。句意：有两个孩子在附近的镇上上中学，父母正在努力工作。此处with + 宾语+宾补结构，with一句中有明确的时间状语now，用现在分词表示进行，选项中只有B表示进行。选项A 表将来；C表被动完成；D表attend动作发生主语动作are working 前。故选B。‎ ‎9.As far as I know, education is about learning．The more you learn, _______.‎ A. the better for life are you prepared B. the better you are prepared for life C. the better life are you prepared for D. you are prepared the better for life ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查固定句型。句意：据我所知，教育就是学习。 学得越多，为生活准备得越好。该题使用了“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”结构，表示“越……越……”。先排除D项。根据选项，后半部分的正常语序应该是you are prepared for the life better, 将这个句子应用于这个结构时，将比较级部分提到前面加the，其余部分语序不变，变成the better you are prepared for life。故选B项。‎ ‎10.Sherlock Holmes is famous ____ a detective as he is known ___ everybody ____ his quick thinking and careful observation.‎ A. as; to; for B. to; for; by C. for; to; as D. to; as; for ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查介词。句意：因为其敏捷的思维和细致的观察为世人所熟知，夏洛克·福尔摩斯作为一名侦探而出名。根据句意，第一空使用了be famous as（作为…..出名）这个固定搭配，第二空使用了be known to (为…所熟知)这个固定搭配，根据句意第三空表达的是“因为敏捷的思维和细致的观察力而出名”，这是要用介词for，介词for有“因为”的意思。综合选A项。‎ ‎11.If we had taken such effective ________ much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.‎ A. treasures B. efforts C. measures D. actions ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们早采取这么有效的措施，这条河现在就不会被污染的这么严重了。A. treasures财产；珍宝；B. efforts努力；C. measures措施；D. actions行动。根据句意，这里要表达的是采取措施，故选C项。‎ ‎12.It’s the third time that I _________ you _________ your promise.‎ A. reminded; about B. have reminded; of C. reminded; of D. have reminded; about ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：这是我第三次提醒你信守你的承诺。It is the first/second/third….time that sb has/have done是个固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次/第二次/第三次……做某事”，所以第一空要用现在完成时。remind sb of sth为固定搭配，意为“提醒某人某事”，所以第二空要用介词of。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】It/This is the first time＋that-结构中,that-从句通常用现在完成时：‎ It/This was the first time that-结构中,that-从句通常用过去完成时 ‎(以上结构中的 first 也可换成 second, third, fourth 等) 在以上两个特殊句式中，that从句的时态是考查重点，考生要牢牢记住规则。‎ 本题中，第一空用的是It/This is the first time＋that-结构， that 从句中要用现在完成时，所以第一空要填have reminded。‎ ‎13. ______ in London, the penniless American wandered on the pavement, ______ to find a job to make a living.‎ A. Lost; hoped B. Losing; hoped C. Lost; hoping D. Losing; hoping ‎【答案】C 试题分析：句意：迷失在伦敦街头，这个身无分文的美国人 在人行道上闲逛，希望找到一份工作谋生。be lost in是形容词短语做状语，直接用lost表状态，v-ing形式做状语表示自然而然的结果，动词不定式则表示意料之外的结果。故选C。‎ 考点: 考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎14. It suddenly occurred to him ____ he had left his keys in the office．‎ A. that B. what C. where D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查主语从句，句意：他突然想起把钥匙忘在办公室。It occurred to sb that 。。某人突然间想起，故选A项。‎ 考点 : 考查主语从句 ‎15.There was snow everywhere ______ the shapes of things were difficult to identify.‎ A. so that B. now that C. for fear that D. on condition that ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查状语从句的连词。句意：到处都是雪，所以东西的形状很难辨认。A. so that因此；所以； B. now that 既然；C. for fear that生怕，唯恐；D. on condition that“如果...；在...条件下，若…则。分析可知，“到处都是雪”和“东西的形状很难辨认”之间是因果关系，因为下雪所以东西的形状难以辨认，用结果状语从句的连词，选A项。‎ 二、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30分）‎ At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to ____16____ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of ____17____ but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my _____18_____‎ When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me ____19____ . I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this ____20____ weight any more.‎ That year, I____21____ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader shared her ____22____ story —she had not only 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children. ___23___ by her story, I created the As We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals ____24____. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000____25____ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world ____26____ me as the perfect solution.___27___I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would ___28___ the same difficulties that beat me before. While the ____29____ hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right ____30____. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began _____31_____in from hundreds of people.‎ Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician(内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and _____32_____ meals. My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise ____33____.‎ A year later, I____34____ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is _____35_____ and enormous.‎ ‎16. A. add B. mix C. kill D. share ‎17. A. diets B. drinks C. fruits D. dishes ‎18. A. height B. ability C. wisdom D. weight ‎19. A. temporarily B. recently C. seriously D. secretly ‎20. A. ideal B. extra C. normal D. low ‎21. A. attended B. organized C. recommended D. mentioned ‎22. A. folk B. success C. adventure D. science ‎23. A. Surprised B. Amused C. Influenced D. Disturbed ‎24. A. project B. business C. system D. custom ‎25. A. in search of B. in need of C. in place of D. in support of ‎26. A. scared B. considered C. confused D. struck ‎27. A. As B. Until C. If D. Unless ‎28. A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside ‎29. A. excitement B. joy C. anger D. fear ‎30. A. row B. hall C. path D. street ‎31. A. breaking B. flooding C. jumping D. stepping ‎32. A. heavy B. full C. expense D. healthy ‎33. A. regularly B. limitlessly C. suddenly D. randomly ‎34. A. set B. reached C. missed D. dropped ‎35. A. stressful B. painful C. meaningful D. peaceful ‎【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文讲述了作者曾因体重而束手无策，参加了一个研讨会后，给自己创建了一个项目，目标是减掉‎150磅，筹集50,000美金，一年后作者实现了这个目标，感觉自己像被给了第二次生命去为一些有意义的事情。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ I used it to ___16___ bad feelings，A. add添加；B. mix混合；C. kill杀害；D. share分享。根据上文“I had a very poor relationship with food（我和食物的关系不好）”可知，此处应该是用食物来“杀死”不好的感觉，故选C。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ I tried many different kinds of ___17___ but nothing worked. A. diets饮食；B. drinks饮料；C. fruits水果；D. dishes餐具。句意：我尝试了不同的饮食方式，但是没有效果。故选A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ I came to believe that I could do nothing about my ___18___. A. height身高；B. ability能力；C. wisdom聪明；D. weight体重，结合上文：尝试了不同的饮食方式，但是没有效果，可知此处作者想表达的意思：对于自己的体重什么也做不了，故选D。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ my weight problem began to affect me ___19___. A. temporarily临时地；B. recently最近地；C. seriously严肃地，严重地；D. secretly秘密地。结合下文可知：“我”的体重严重地影响到了“我”。故选C。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this ___20___ weight any more. A. ideal理想的；B. extra额外的；C. normal正常的；D. low低的。句意：“我”不想带着这额外的体重度过余生。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ I ___21___ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A. attended参加；B. organized组织；C. recommended推荐，介绍；D. mentioned提到。句意：“我”参加了一个研讨会，在那我们被要求去创建一个可以触摸世界的项目。故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ A seminar leader shared her ___22___ story，A. folk民族；B. success成功；C. adventure冒险；D. science科学。根据研讨会领导讲的故事的内容：she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.她不仅体重减少‎125磅，而且为无家可归的孩子筹集了25000美元，所以这应该是一个成功的故事，故选B。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ ‎___23___ by her story，A. Surprised惊讶的；B. Amused愉快的；C. Influenced有影响的；D. Disturbed扰乱的。根据下文作者创建了一个项目，可知作者被研讨会领导人的故事所影响，故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals ___24___. A. project项目；B. business商业；C. system系统；D. custom习惯。结合上文，“we were asked to create a project”，出现过project，可推测应该是我创建了“我们痊愈，世界痊愈”的项目，故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 ___25___ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. 句意：我的目标是减掉‎150磅，筹集50,000美元，支持30年前创立的“结束饥饿”的运动。A. in search of寻找；B. in need of需要；C. in place of代替；D. in support of支持，故选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ This combination of healing myself and healing the world ___26___ me as the perfect solution. A. scared害怕；B. considered考虑；C. confused困惑；D. struck打击；strike me as意为“我认为，在我看来……”。句意：治愈我和治愈世界的联合在我看来是完美的解决办法。故选D。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ ‎___27___ I began my own personal weight program, A. As 当……时；B. Until直到；C. If如果；D. Unless除非。根据下文，应该是当我开始我自己的体重计划，故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ I was filled with the fear that I would ___28___ the same difficulties that beat me before. A. get over克服，恢复；B. run into遭遇，陷入；C. look for寻找；D. put aside放在一边。句意：我害怕我像之前一样陷入困难，打击自己。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ While the ___29___ hung over my head A. excitement激动，振奋；B. joy乐趣；C. anger生气；D. fear害怕。结合上一句“ I was filled with the fear…”可知，此处应该是害怕感萦绕心头，故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ there were also signs that I was headed down the right ___30___. A. row行，排；B. hall大厅；C. path轨道；D. street街道。句意：这里有我朝向正确轨道行走的标志，故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ Donations began ___31___ in from hundreds of people. A. breaking破坏；B. flooding（洪水般）泛滥；C. jumping跳；D. stepping踏。句意：捐赠开始如洪水般泛滥，来自数百个人。故选B。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ and I began to eat small and ___32___ meals A. heavy重的；B. full满的；C. expensive贵的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a…”可知，作者在尝试一些实际方法去减肥，所以此处应该是健康的食物，故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise ___33___.‎ A. regularly定期的；有规律的；B. limitlessly无限制地；C. suddenly突然地；D. randomly随便地。句意：“我”对筹集基金的关注也给了我定期运动的动力。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ A year later, I ___34___ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! A. set布置，树立；B. reached到达；C. missed错过，想念；D. dropped落下。句意：一年后，我实现了目标——减掉‎150磅，并且筹集了50,000美金。常用搭配reach one’s goal意为“实现某人的目标”‎ ‎，故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is ___35___ and enormous. A. stressful有压力的；B. painful痛苦的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. peaceful和平的。结合上下文，这里something应该是指作者自己创建的项目—lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000，这是一件有意义的事情，故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 完形填空题旨在考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力。做此题时必须通篇考虑，先掌握大意，再综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行推理判断。通读全文，了解大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，充分利用各种线索答题。语境信息解题法： 对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。‎ 例如第3小题 I came to believe that I could do nothing about my __18___，A. height 身高；B. ability能力；C. wisdom聪明；D. weight体重。通读全文后，可知大意：作者为了解决体重问题，创建了一个“我们痊愈，世界痊愈”的项目，最后实现了既定目标——体重减掉‎150磅，并且筹集50,000美金，然后根据问题定位到第一段的信息：作者曾重达‎370磅，和食物的关系很差，尝试过了很多不同的饮食方法，还是没有效果，由此可见，此处作者想表达的意思：“我”对自己的体重毫无办法，故选D。‎ 三、阅读理解（本大题共20小题，共50分）‎ A Ancient Chinese folk paintings and many other art styles have been passed down from generation to generation, and are still practised in different parts of China. Here’s a look at four unique Chinese folk art forms.‎ Chinese Opera (戏剧) is the traditional form of Chinese drama. According to incomplete statistics, in China’s various ethnic regions there are about more than 360 kinds of operas. The most famous ones include Peking Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yueju Opera, Yuju Opera, Sichuan Opera, Fujian Opera, Hebei opera, Huangmei Opera arid so on, in total more than 50, among which Peking Opera is the most popular in China.‎ Shadow Play (皮影戏) dates back to Western Han Dynasty in Shaanxi more than 1,000 years ago. The moving figures, usually carved out from leather, are operated by folk artists, accompanied by music and singing. It is the world’s first dubbed (配音的) motion picture art form, thus considered the "ancestor" of modern film. Today this art form is still popular in northern China.‎ Paper-cutting (剪纸) is one of the most popular traditional decorative arts in China with a long history. Paper-cutting can be seen across China and it has even developed into different local genres (流派). They are usually used to decorate gates and windows during festivals.‎ The Kite was invented by Chinese people. According to legend the earliest kite in China was a wooden bird by Mo Di in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Later his student Lu Ban improved the tech and used bamboo as material to make a kite. Today, various kite-flying activities can be found in different regions of China. Shandong Weifang Kite Festival is held every year and attracts lots of kite lovers and travelers.‎ ‎36. Which Chinese Opera is the most popular in China?‎ A. Peking Opera. B. Kunqu Opera.‎ C. Yueju Opera. D. Yuju Opera.‎ ‎37. Why is Shadow Play considered the ancestor of modern film?‎ A. It has a history of more than 1,000 years.‎ B. It was operated by ancient folk artists.‎ C. It is accompanied by music and dances on the stage.‎ D. It is the world’s first dubbed motion picture art form.‎ ‎38. What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A. Different local genres.‎ B. Traditional decorative pictures.‎ C. Paper-cutting art works.‎ D. Popular Chinese handwriting.‎ ‎39. What was the earliest kite made of in China?‎ A. Paper. B. Wood.‎ C. Bamboo. D. Leather.‎ ‎40. What is the main topic of this article?‎ A. Chinese folk art. B. Chinese folk paintings.‎ C. Chinese operas. D. Chinese folk plays.‎ ‎【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四种独特的中国民间艺术形式：戏曲、影片放映、剪纸、风筝．并对其进行了简单的介绍 ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段" The most famous ones include Peking Opera， Kunqu Opera， Yueju Opera， Yuju Opera， Sichuan Opera， Fujian Opera， Hebei opera， Huangmei Opera and so on， in total more than 50，among which Peking Opera is the most popular in China．可知最著名的有京剧，昆曲歌剧，粤剧，豫剧，四川歌剧，福建歌剧，河北歌剧，黄梅戏等，共有五十多种，其中京剧（Peking Opera）在中国最受欢迎。"故选A项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段"It is the world’s first dubbed （配音的） motion picture art form， thus considered the "ancestor" of modern film． 可知皮影戏世界上第一个有配音的电影艺术形式，因此被认为是现代电影的"祖先"。故选D项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第四段"They are usually used to decorate gates and windows during festivals．通常在节日期间用它们装饰门窗．"由文章结构可知，本段是在介绍剪纸，所以"They" 代指"Paper-cutting works"，故选C项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段"According to legend the earliest kite in China was a wooden bird by Mo Di in the Eastern Zhou dynasty． 可知据传说，中国最早的风筝是东周莫迪的木鸟。"这说明中国最早的风筝是用木头做的。故选B。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，主要介绍了四种独特的中国民间艺术形式：戏曲、影片放映、剪纸、风筝．并对其进行了简单的介绍，结合所有选项，A项（中国民间艺术）确切表达了文章大意，故选A项。‎ B There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent ‎ development has made possible machines that print cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.‎ Food production With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.‎ Sustainability(可持续性）‎ The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.‎ Nutrition Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”‎ Challenges Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.‎ ‎41. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?‎ A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.‎ B. It saves time and effort in cooking.‎ C. It improves the cooking conditions.‎ D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.‎ ‎42. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?‎ A. It solves food shortages easily.‎ B. It quickens the transportation of food.‎ C. It needs no space for the storage of food.‎ D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.‎ ‎43. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food ________.‎ A. is more available to consumers B. can meet individual nutritional needs C. is more tasty than food in supermarkets D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials ‎44. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?‎ A. The printing process is complicated.‎ B. 3D food printers are too expensive.‎ C. Food materials have to be dry.‎ D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.‎ ‎45. What could be the best title of the passage?‎ A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table ‎【答案】41. B 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章Food production中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D 打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物来源。故选D。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第四段Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins.（食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物），从而可以推断出3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。故选B。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.可知，阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。故选C。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology，故选A。‎ 点睛：科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解命题的重点。本文是一篇3D打印技术在食物方面的应用，文章运用一些小标题和对一些专业词汇作了多处中文注释，降低了考生的阅读难度。文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，主要考查学生对语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的认读和处理能力。最后一小题考查主旨大意，为文章选择出最好的标题。考生做此题时一定要注意选择项必须要能概括整个文章的内容，不能以偏概全。如B、C、D选择项在文章中都有所涉及，但不足以概括全文，所以需要考生正确概括全文的主旨大意。‎ C Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.‎ We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.‎ Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.‎ Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.‎ Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.‎ When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.‎ One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.‎ An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.‎ Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.‎ ‎46.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .‎ A. delay tasks B. work har C. seek help D. accept failure ‎47. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?‎ A. Writing essays in strict order.‎ B. Building up physical strength.‎ C. Leaving out the toughest ideas.‎ D. Dealing with the hardest task first.‎ ‎48. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?‎ A. Before starting a difficult task.‎ B. When all the solutions fail.‎ C. If the job is rather boring.‎ D. After finding a way out.‎ ‎49.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .‎ A. ignore mental problems B. get some nice sleep C. gain complete relief D. find the right solution ‎50. What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Success Is Built upon Failure B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems ‎【答案】46. A 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要介绍每个人都希望成功，但是人们在实施任务的时候会出现启动疲惫和表现疲惫，这是造成失败的两种原因，文章具体介绍如何克服这两种疲惫。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据第一段的句子In the former case, we keep putting off a task，可知，有启动疲惫的人更可能拖延任务。故选A。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据第三段的句子The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:always handle the most difficult job first，可知，为了防止启动疲惫作者建议首先处理最难的任务。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据第五段的句子Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle…we fail again and again，可知，当所有的解决方法都失败的时候，一个人可能会有表现疲惫。故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据第五段的最后一句话，可知，无意识的行为可能帮助我们发现正确的解决方法。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据全篇文章和最后一段的内容，可知，文章主要介绍造成失败的两种疲惫，以及如何克服疲惫。故选C。‎ D A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.‎ Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls in the ground---and, in the process, it belongs out important evidence about how physical objects interact; bowls of rice do not flood in mid-sit, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).‎ Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has. for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.‎ Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn, ‎ but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ” It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”‎ ‎51. According to some developmental psychologists A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.‎ B. scientific research into babies; games is possible C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment ‎52. We learn from Paragraph 2 that A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently B. scientists and babies often interact with each other C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do ‎53. Children may learn the rules of language by A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors ‎54. What is themain idea of the last paragraph?‎ A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.‎ B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.‎ C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.‎ D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.‎ ‎55. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?‎ A. Convincing. B. Confused.‎ C. Confidence. D. Cautious.‎ ‎【答案】51. D 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. D 试题分析：‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 根据文章第一段的but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think可知，心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选D。考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 根据文章第二段的overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world)可知孩子也会像科学家一样收集证据，故选D。考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 根据文章第三段的 “For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory”可知，孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选C。考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 根据最后一段的“Viewing childhood development as ascientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.”可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好地了解科学，故选B。考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 根据作者在文中的用词appear to、用may来弱化绝对性的表达及通过引用其他人的观点some psychologist suggestthat 可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选D。考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 阅读理解有时理解文章中的长难句是关键，理解不了这些句子就很难理解文章的大意。下面我们分析一下这篇文章中的长句。‎ 句子1：It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it.‎ 这句话使用分号连接两个并列分句，前面的分句使用It is likely that…‎ 这个句型，现在分词短语knowing…作伴随状语；后面的分句是“nor+倒装句”结构。‎ 句意：可能婴儿不是一生下来就知道宇宙的这一基本事实，他们也没有被清楚地教过。‎ 句子2：For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.‎ 这句话使用了强调句，强调的是through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory，这部分比较长，考生可能没有注意到这个句式。主干部分中idea后面是同位语从句，from后面的what he or she has是宾语从句。‎ 句意：例如，可能只是通过反复实验，收集证据，并最终推翻一个理论，一个婴儿就会接受其他人可以和他/她持有不同的意见和愿望这一观点。例如，和孩子不同，妈妈实际上并不喜欢德芙巧克力。‎ 四、阅读表达（本大题共5小题，共10分）‎ 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。‎ I have some gray hairs. Do l dare to count them？Just the fact that I have enough to count scares me，and turns getting old into a reality. I’m certainly getting older. We all are. But why does it have to happen so quickly？‎ We just celebrated my birthday. I say "celebrated" because we had cake and ice cream. For my kids，any excuse for ice cream and cake is a celebration. I’m not sure if to me it was a thing to celebrate，though. I like the special attention that birthday bring，but I don’t wait for them 364 days of the year like my children do. For them，another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do. For an adult，another number means fewer things. that you can do，like “I can’t run as fast as I used to…etc. ”‎ I went with my children to the old-age home near my apartment building. We walked inside the door. The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought. Not so long ago，I was a bouncing preschool like my children. Not so long ago，there women were the mothers of small children. Fifty years ago，they were me，and in fifty years，I could be them，The visit，like my birthday，served as a reality check. “Life is so short and it goes by so quickly. Enjoy the moment that you are in，because you will never get it back，"I told myself.‎ This is also what I want to leave behind to my children. I decide to try to start just by not complaining. In any difficult situation，I will try to find the good things about it，no matter how small the good things might be.‎ ‎56. What does the author like about birthdays？（no more than 10 words）‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎57. Besides having an excuse for ice cream and cake，why do the author’s children like birthday？（no more than 12 words. ）‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎58. What does the underlined word “bouncing” in Paragraph 3 mean？（I word）‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎59. What is the main idea of the last paragraph？（no more than 10 words）‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎60. What does birthday mean to you？Please explain why. （no more than 2 words. ）‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】56. She likes the special attention that birthdays bring ‎ ‎57. Because they can get more privileges and more things to do. ‎ ‎58. Energetic. ‎ ‎59. Try to find good things however difficult the situation is ‎ ‎60. Open.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 根据第二段中though. I like the special attention that birthday bring可知，她喜欢生日带来的特别关注。故答案为She likes the special attention that birthdays bring ‎【57题详解】‎ 根据第二段中For them，another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do.可知，除了借口冰淇淋和蛋糕，作者的孩子喜欢生日是因为他们可以得到更多的特权，做更多的事情。故答案为Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 根据第二段中The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought.“‎ 我那些精力充沛的学龄前儿童和坐在门口轮椅上的老妇人之间的对比让我陷入了沉思。”和 Not so long ago“不久前”，可知划线词的意思是“充满精力的”。故答案为Energetic.‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 根据最后一段中In any difficult situation，I will try to find the good things about it，no matter how small the good things might be.“在任何困难的情况下,我将试着找到好东西,无论多么小的好事。”故答案为Try to find good things however difficult the situation is ‎【60题详解】‎ 此题是“生日对你意味着什么”，这应该是因人而变。故答案为Open.‎ 五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共15分）‎ ‎61.假如你是李华，最近，你校学生会准备举办一场主题为“国学经典”的读书交流会。你得知美国交换生Bob对此很感兴趣。现请你代表学生会给他写一封英文邮件，介绍并邀请他参加。邮件包括以下内容：‎ ‎1.时间：星期四下午3:00;‎ ‎2.地点：报告厅（lecture hall)；‎ ‎3.内容：阅读经典名著，交流读书体会等。‎ 注意:1.词数100左右，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎2.文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Bob,‎ I’m glad that you’re interested in the reading seminar to be held in our school. ____________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Bob,‎ I’m glad that you’re interested in the reading seminar to be held in our school. Now, I’d like to introduce something about it to you.‎ It will be held at 3:00 on Thursday afternoon in the lecture hall. Some famous writers in our city and many Chinese teachers in our school are invited to attend this seminar. The participants will read some classical works like Tang poetry and some written by Confucius. Besides, they’ll share their thoughts and comprehension of the classical works.‎ There’s no doubt that the seminar will help you understand Chinese culture and learn Chinese well. Would you like to join us?‎ I’m looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这篇书面表达属于应用类作文，要求写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假如你是李华，最近，你校学生会准备举办一场主题为“国学经典”的读书交流会。你得知美国交换生Bob对此很感兴趣。现请你代表学生会给他写一封英文邮件，介绍并邀请他参加。人称为第一人称，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：lecture hall演讲厅，famous著名的，invite邀请，attend参加，seminar研讨会，participant参与者，classical古典的，Tang poetry唐诗，comprehension理解，There’s no doubt that毫无疑问。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如：There’s no doubt that毫无疑问…。本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎