2020届二轮复习倒装句

2020届二轮复习倒装句

‎2020届二轮复习 倒装句 英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这称之为部分倒装。‎ 一、部分倒装 ‎1否定副词位于句首时的倒装 在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。‎ ‎① I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。‎ ‎② He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。‎ ‎③ She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。‎ ‎④ He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。‎ ‎⑤ We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机 场，飞机就起飞了。‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。‎ He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。‎ ‎2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装。‎ ‎① On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。‎ ‎② In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。‎ 但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序。‎ In no time he worked out the problem. ‎ 他马上就算出了那道题。‎ ‎2“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装 当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序。‎ ‎① Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。‎ ‎② Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。‎ ‎③ Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。‎ ‎3“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装。‎ ‎① So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。‎ ‎② So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。‎ ‎③ So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。‎ ‎4“so+助动词+主语”倒装 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。‎ ‎① You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。‎ ‎② She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。‎ ‎③ If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor。‎ ‎① You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。‎ ‎② She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。‎ ‎2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区 别。‎ ‎① "It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”‎ ‎② "Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。” ‎ ‎5由not only…but also引出的倒装 当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式。‎ ‎① Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。‎ ‎② Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。‎ ‎6虚拟条件句的省略与倒装 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句。‎ ‎① Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。‎ ‎② Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。‎ ‎③ Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。‎ 注意事项：省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：‎ Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。‎ 二、 完全倒装 ‎1here 和there位于句首时的倒装 表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。‎ ‎① Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。‎ ‎② There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。‎ ‎③ Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。‎ ‎④ There goes the bell. 铃响了。‎ ‎⑤ There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。‎ 注意事项：1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。‎ ‎2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：‎ ‎① Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。‎ ‎② Here it comes. 它来了。‎ ‎3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：‎ ‎① There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。‎ ‎② Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。‎ ‎2away和down等位于句首时的倒装 地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。‎ ‎① Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。‎ ‎② Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。‎ ‎③ The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。‎ ‎④ Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。‎ 注意事项：‎ 若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：‎ ‎① Away he went. 他跑远了。‎ ‎② Down it came. 它掉了下来。‎ ‎3状语或表语位于句首时的倒装 为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。‎ ‎① Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。‎ ‎② By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。‎ 注意事项：‎ 在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。‎ ‎【比较】‎ ‎① In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。‎ ‎② In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。‎ ‎4分词和不定式置于句首的倒装 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。‎ ‎①Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。‎ ‎② Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。‎ ‎③To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。‎