专题08+阅读理解词义猜测题（冲关押题训练）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈

专题08+阅读理解词义猜测题（冲关押题训练）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈

备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈 专题08 冲关押题训练 Passage1‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 科学家发现距今37亿年前的化石 ‎ 420‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ Old Fossils ‎ Scientists have found what they think is probably the oldest fossil on Earth, a remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago when Earth’s skies were orange and its oceans green.‎ ‎ In a newly melted part of Greenland, Australian scientists found the leftover structure from a community of microbes（微生物）that lived on an ancient seafloor. Based on their analysis of the fossils, the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old.‎ ‎ The discovery shows life may have formed quicker and more easily than once thought, about half a billion years after Earth formed. And that may also give hope for life forming elsewhere, such as Mars, said study co-author Martin VanKranendonk of the University of New South Wales and director of the Australian Center for Astrobiology. ＂It gives us an idea how our planet evolved and how life gained a foothold,＂ VanKranendonk said.‎ ‎ Scientists had thought it would take at least half a billion years for life to form after the molten Earth started to cool a bit, but this shows it could have happened quicker, he said. That’s because the newly found fossil is far too complex to have developed soon after the planet’s first life forms, he said.‎ ‎ In an outcrop of rocks that used to be covered with ice and snow which melted after an exceptionally warm spring, the Australian team found stromatolites（叠层石）, which are layered structures that are often produced by a community of microbes. The stromatolites were ‎ about 1 to 4 centimeters high.‎ ‎ ＂It is like the house left behind made by the microbes,＂ VanKranendonk said. ＂Scientists used the layers of ash from volcanoes and tiny zircon（锆石） with uranium and estimated that they date back to 3.7 billion years ago.＂‎ ‎ The dating seems about right, said Abigail Allwood, a NASA astrobiologist who found the previous oldest fossil, from 3.48 billion years ago, in Australia. But Allwood said she is not completely convinced that what VanKranendonk’s team found once was alive. She said the evidence wasn’t conclusive enough that it was life and not a geologic quirk（地质巧合）. ＂It would be nice to have more evidence, but in these rocks that’s a lot to ask,＂ Allwood said in an email.‎ ‎1. The underlined words ＂gained a foothold＂ in Paragraph 3 mean______.‎ ‎ A.continued B.changed ‎ ‎ C.increased D.Started ‎2. We can learn from Paragraph 4______.‎ ‎ A.the fossil appeared soon after the birth of the earth ‎ B.the fossil formed soon after the earth’s first life ‎ C.life formed earlier than the newly found fossil ‎ D.life appeared about half a billion years ago ‎3. What is Abigail Allwood’s attitude towards the newly found fossil?‎ ‎ A.Neutral. B.Sceptical. ‎ ‎ C.Objective. D.Supportive.‎ ‎4. According to the passage, ______.‎ ‎ A.the previous fossils are a geologic quirk ‎ B. the previous fossils are made up of stromatolites ‎ C. the newly found fossils come from Western Australia ‎ D. the newly found fossils have a history of 3.7 billion years ‎ 【语篇解析】文章介绍科学家发现距今37亿年前的化石。‎ ‎1. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段的句子＂It gives us an idea how our planet evolved＂这让我们了解 星球是怎么形成的，下文是生命是怎么开始的。可知，＂gained a foothold＂ 意为＂开始＂。故选D。‎ ‎3. B【解析】 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂She said the evidence wasn’t conclusive enough that it was life and not a geologic quirk(地质巧合).＂可知，Abigail Allwood 对于新发现的化石态度是怀疑的。故选B。‎ ‎4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子＂remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago＂和第二段的句 子＂the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old.＂可知，新发现的化石有37亿年历史。故选D。‎ Passage2‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 意外中毒的主要原因及急救方法 ‎304 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ Doctors in hospital emergency rooms often see accidental poisonings. A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a chemical product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisoning.‎ ‎ In cases like this, seek medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever ‎ caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison. Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it.‎ ‎ Millions of people know a way to save a person who is choking on something trapped in the throat. The method is commonly known as the Heimlich Maneuver or abdominal thrusts(腹部按压), which you can do by getting directly behind a sitting or standing person. Put your arms around the victim’s waist. Close one hand to form a ball. Place it over the upper part of the stomach, below the ribs. Place the other hand on top. Then push forcefully inward and upward. Repeat the abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled from the mouth. For someone who is pregnant or very fat, place your hands a little higher than with normal abdominal thrusts.‎ ‎ Red Cross experts say taking these steps can save many lives. But they also warn that abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned. They say use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. Abdominal thrusts should be used only in cases where a near-drowning victim is choking on an object.‎ ‎ To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information. There may be training classes offered in your area.‎ ‎1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is NOT the common cause of accidental poisonings?‎ ‎ A. A harmful medicine ‎ B. A cleaning liquid ‎ C. Poisonous insects ‎ D. Dangerous pesticide(杀虫剂)‎ ‎2. The underlined word “expelled” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_________ ”.‎ ‎ A. coming out B. taking up ‎ C. going away D. getting down ‎3. Why abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned?‎ ‎ A. Because people are unwilling to attempt rescue efforts ‎ B. Because it is hard to perform ‎ C. Because it is no need to do so ‎ D. Because it could hold up other ways to re-start breathing in the victim ‎4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?‎ ‎ A. To promote medical research ‎ B. To share some knowledge about first aid ‎ C. To show how to perform abdominal thrusts ‎ C.To help people deal with accidental poisoning ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了意外中毒的主要原因及急救方法。‎ ‎1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的介绍可知，有害的药物、清洁剂及杀虫剂都是意外中毒的主要原因， 而没有提到有毒的昆虫。‎ ‎3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They say use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. ”可知，腹部按压不适合溺水者是因为它会延迟受害者以其他的方式重新开始 ‎ 呼吸。‎ ‎4. B 【解析】文章意图题。根据最后一段中的“To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like ‎ a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information.”可知，这篇文章的目的是促进关于急救常识的医学研究。‎ Passage3‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 紫禁城的斗拱设计 ‎ 358 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ Beijing’s Forbidden City is a place full of wonder. From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts, there’s no wonder it’s one of China’s most popular tourist destinations.‎ ‎ But even more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing to serve up surprises. Since it was built during the Ming Dynasty, it’s estimated that the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes. And while most structures aren’t made to survive natural disasters, let alone ones built hundreds of years ago, it seems that the Forbidden City was built to withstand anything.‎ ‎ A recent television documentary by UK broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and engineers were shown building a scale model (成比例模型) of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces, at one fifth of the size.‎ ‎ To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. It was subjected to a simulated (模拟的) earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale – equivalent to the largest ever recorded quake – and survived. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved gently during the test.‎ ‎ According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, as well as other ancient Chinese structures’, lies in dougong– a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings. Despite being held together without any nails or glue, the brackets are perfect at keeping structures together when the weather gets rough.‎ ‎ “Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure, much like the shock absorbers (减震器) of a car,” according to Chinese National Geography.‎ ‎ “Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures that were both enduring and aesthetically (在美学方面) pleasing using dougong, revealing their advanced understanding of mathematics, architecture, materials, and structural science.”‎ ‎ The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and cultural significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.‎ ‎1. What is the article mainly about?‎ ‎ A.What has made the Forbidden City a popular tourist destination.‎ ‎ B.What has helped the Forbidden City survive so many earthquakes.‎ ‎ C.The characteristics of Chinese architecture during the Ming Dynasty.‎ ‎ D.A variety of building methods used in ancient Chinese structures.‎ ‎2. Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “was subjected to” in Paragraph 4?‎ ‎ A. suffered B. was controlled by ‎ C. obeyed D. was affected by ‎3. What was the aim of the test in the UK documentary?‎ ‎ A. To reproduce a real earthquake from the Ming Dynasty.‎ ‎ B. To discover a long-lost Chinese building method ‎ C. To explain the impact of earthquakes on ancient buildings.‎ ‎ D. To prove the strength of ancient Chinese architecture.‎ ‎4. What is “dougong” according to the text?‎ ‎ A. A paint that gives Chinese buildings an attractive look.‎ ‎ B. A tool used by ancient people to measure earth-quakes.‎ ‎ C. Special building parts that keep a traditional Chinese building together,‎ ‎ D. A building piece located in the center of a traditional Chinese house.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。‎ ‎1. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是倒数第二段中的“Dougong design is an important ‎ earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure”可知，紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。‎ ‎3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. ”可知，测试的目的是证明中国古建筑的抗震性。‎ ‎4. C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dougong– a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings.”可知，斗拱是连接中国传统建筑物的一个特殊部件。‎ Passage4‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 有一颗年轻的心 ‎ 357‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ Taylore is a kid who passes by to ride sometimes and help us with chores. Barely 15, she’s never short of advice, and one of her favorite pastimes is teasing me about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.‎ ‎ Last summer four of us rode down the trail behind our woods: my wife Karen, Taylore, Taylore’s friend Kendall and me. I was riding my 13-year-old, Tawny.‎ ‎ We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,　I pushed Tawny into a gallop（飞驰）. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.‎ ‎ Taylore brushed past my left leg and, seconds later, Kendall went by on my right. I realized Tawny was covering ground faster than I’d ever seen her. She strained every muscle in her body to catch up with the girls. It was like a truck winding over a mountain road without brakes (闸). Part of me felt perfectly in control, while another part screamed that I wasn’t.‎ ‎ In half a mile I knew we’d be crossing the highway, so I prayed that the girls would be fine. I gave up calculating how long it might take before my horse would be tried enough to want to slow down.‎ ‎ I was just about out of answers when I saw the girls slowing in front of me. Their horses were relaxed and comfortable, not even breathing hard. Taylore’s face glowed. She gave me a high five. ＂Wow, you did well, ＂she said. ＂ I knew you’d go fast when you were ready.＂‎ ‎ No one in the group had even broken a sweat, except me. I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Karen claims I was showing off for the girls that day, and maybe she’s right. But I think I had something to prove. Because despite my wrinkles (皱纹), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart. And, like a horse on a warm summer day, I’m always ready to kick up my heels.‎ ‎1. How did the race between the girls and the author begin?‎ ‎ A. His horse’s gallop made the other horses want to catch up.‎ ‎ B. He wanted to show off his riding skills for the girls.‎ ‎ C. They wanted to know whose horse could run fastest.‎ ‎ D. They teased him about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.‎ ‎2. During the race, ___________.‎ ‎ A. the author’s horse outran the girl’s horses the whole time ‎ B. the author was confident that Tawny was in control ‎ C. the girls were so anxious to win that they sweated a lot ‎ D. the author’s good performance took Taylore by surprise ‎3. When the race ended, the author’s heart pounded because ________.‎ ‎ A. he was feeling thrilled and young ‎ B. it was really tough exercise for him ‎ C. he was worried that the girls might be in danger ‎ D. he felt quite embarrassed that he had lost the race ‎4. The phrase ＂kick up my heels＂ at the end can be replaced by _________.‎ ‎ A. devote myself ‎ ‎ B. enjoy myself ‎ C. accept my challenge ‎ ‎ D. take part in running competition ‎ 【语篇解析】文章描述作者和两个女孩骑马比赛，这让作者感到兴奋，也感到虽然自己上了年纪，但是有一颗年轻的心。‎ ‎1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子＂We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop(飞驰). The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.＂可知，作者的马飞驰起来使得其它马想要赶上。故选A。‎ ‎2. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子＂Taylore’s face glowed. She gave me a high five. ‘Wow, you did well,’ she said.‘I knew you’d go fast when you were ready.’＂可知，作者的出色的表现让Taylore 很惊讶。故选D。‎ ‎4. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂like a horse on a warm summer ‎ day,＂可知，作者感觉 自己像温暖夏日的马，总是准备好享受一番。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎