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专题1-4+Earthquakes(测试练习)-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学
专题1.4+Earthquakes 【测试与练习】 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。 A The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquakeprone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution. Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity. Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it,its use is limited in the nation. “Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy,” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji,a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production. The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power,which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs,and increased interest in alternative energies,which accounted for only 8 percent. Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy,following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs. For now,geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan,which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power. The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden. “We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric,adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow. Researcher Hideaki Matsui said,“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.” The Earth Policy Institute in Washington,US,believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology. Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology,with a 70 percent market share.In 2010,Fuji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand. 1.What would be the best title for the text? A.Alternative energies in Japan B.World’s largest geothermal plant C.Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology D.Japan thinks of geothermal energy 2.What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy? A.About 8%. B.Below 1%. C.Around 30%. D.Over 80%. 3.According to Shigeto Yamada,the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________. A.a change of rules B.financial support C.local people’s help D.high technology 4.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________. A.the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America B.Japan will not export its geothermal technology C.the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great D.it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan 1.解析: 标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”,以及对全文的整体理解可知,本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题,所以D项最适合做文章的标题。 答案: D 答案: A 4.解析: 推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知,日本的地热能源潜力巨大。 答案: C B University of Maryland student Ben Simon and his friends couldn’t stand to see good food thrown out on their campus.“We basically noticed that some of the extra food from the dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day.And we met with the dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if instead of throwing out the food we would donate it.And they were on board,” he said. So 18 months ago,the students began what they call the Food Recovery Network.Each night,volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks.So far,they have donated more than 23 000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out. Nationwide,$165 billion worth of food is wasted each year,according to the National Resources Defense Council.Spokesman Bob Keefe says that is about 40% of the country’s entire food production.“If we can reduce our waste in this country by 15%,we can feed 25 million hungry Americans.That is a huge benefit.That is what programs like this Food Recovery Network are doing,” he said. Christian Life Center is one of the beneficiaries (受益者) of the students’ efforts.Ben Slye,the senior pastor (牧师),said,“It has been just amazing to see these students take their own time,their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.Each week we are able with this food probably to feed over hundred people.” The University of Maryland’s Food Recovery Network now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the country.“I want to grow 18 chapters to a thousand chapters within five years.And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America,we want to expand to restaurants and farms.” said Simon. The volunteers are committed to making that happen. 5.The dining services in University of Maryland________. A.threw out good food on the campus B.supported the volunteers’ job C.enjoyed the talk with the students D.donated their leftovers to the poor 6.Volunteers from the Food Recovery Network________. A.started the Food Recovery Network two years ago B.delivered leftovers as well as money to shelters C.helped to solve the hunger issues in America D.donated leftovers to avoid food waste 7.Ben Slye’s attitude toward the volunteers’ effort was that of________. A.unconcern B.doubt C.appreciation D.opposition 8.We can learn from the text that________. A.over 40% of the country’s entire food is wasted each year B.altogether 25 million Americans suffer from hunger nowadays C.Simon aims to expand the program to restaurants and farms D.every college has started the Food Recovery Network 答案: B 6.解析: 推理判断题。根据对文章第二段的整体理解可知,志愿者们到学校餐厅去收集剩菜,然后把它们运到收容所等,以避免浪费。 答案: D 8.解析: 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America,we want to expand to restaurants and farms”可知,答案C符合文意。 答案: C C 【全国百强校word】重庆市第一中学2016-2017学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 Luke has always been my closest and constant companion these past five years. In fact, he is very friendly to me especially when I take care of other furry friends in our shelter. There have been a lot of forest fires during the summer season. Not far from our shelter, a forest caught fire during this hot summer. Luke rushed towards the forest where flames send out a terrible heat. There’s no longer any hope at the moment to wait for Luke to come back to the shelter. In fact, I was waiting for the firemen to announce me his death in the forest. Suddenly, a fireman burst into my office and informed me that my dog Luke succeeded in saving four cats which were trapped by the flames. Luke seized the kittens, one by one moving them to a safe place. I immediately accompanied the fireman to the forest to pick up the rescued kittens, but Luke was not there. Then we heard the sound of a dog came from the forest barking furiously. The firemen followed the tracks of the dog until they found him barking loudly by the side of an injured fireman who was lying on the ground. That day, I was very proud of Luke for his two heroic actions. I paid a visit to the fireman accompanied with my adorable Luke. What a memorable scene when the fireman hugged Luke tightly to his chest!”One thousand thanks, Luke, for saving my life,” the fireman said. This true story of love and compassion shows us that pets are loving, caring and compassionate. We should love and protect them. Don’t belittle them. Little animals can make enormous things for humans. 9.At the very beginning the author thought . A. Luke ran away from the shelter for ever. B. Luke was afraid of big fire C. Luke was killed by the big fire. D. Luke was able to save all the people 10. The reason why the author was proud of Luke was that . A. Luke rescued four cats and a fireman from the fire. B. Luke warned people of the coming fire. C. Luke took care of other furry animals in the shelter. D. Luke has always been my closest and constant companion. 11.The underlined word “belittle”in the last paragraph probably means “ ”. A. Make things small B. Look down upon C. Show respect for D. Make enemy with 12.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To stress the role of pets in people life. B. To persuade people to keep pets. C. To call attention to the danger big fire. D. To share a story of love and compassion of pets with us. 【解析】文章主要讲述了作者所待的收容所里的小狗Luke在一次大火中英勇救出四只小猫和一个消防队员的故事。 11.B词义猜测题。根据最后一段We should love and protect them. Don’t belittle them. Little animals can make enormous things for humans.可以得知作者呼吁我们要关爱保护动物。不要瞧不起它们。小动物也能为人类做出巨大贡献。可知答案选B。 12.D 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者所待的收容所里的小狗Luke在一次大火中英勇救出四只小猫和一个消防队员的故事,因此可以推断出作者讲述Luke的英勇行为感动, 为了与读者分享Luke的爱与同情心的故事。故选D 【名师点睛】 主旨大意主要的解题策略有: (1)标题类。文章标题可以是单词,短语,也可以是句子,它的特点是:短小精悍,多为一短语;涵盖性强,一般要求能覆盖全文,其确定的范围要恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小;精确性强,不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 【推理关系】题干What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?.☞文章内容This true story of love and compassion shows us that pets are loving, caring and compassionate.☞概括总结☞小狗Luke在一次大火中英勇救出四只小猫和一个消防队员☞ 写作目的。 D 【全国百强校word】重庆市第一中学2016-2017学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 Yellowstone Weather Yellowstone National Park is at lofty height. Height. Most of the park is above2,275meters. Yellowstone’s weather is unpredictable. In summer, it may be warm and sunny with temperatures in the high 70s. At night in any given month, the temperature may drop close to freezing. So it is best to come prepared for cold evenings and mornings,especially if you are camping or hiking. When you leave your campsite,please leave it prepared for possible thundershower and wind. A sunny warm day may become fiercely stormy with wind, rain, sleet and sometimes snow. Without enough clothing, an easy day hike or boat trip can turn into a battle for survival. Seasonal Weather Information Spring Cold and snow continue into May, although temperatures gradually climb. Early in spring, daytime temperatures average in the 40s and 50s; by late May and June, they may reach the 60s and 70s, Nighttime lows fall below freezing. Summer Daytime temperatures are usually in the 70s ,occasionally reaching the 80s in the lower elevations(高度). Nights are cool,temperatures may drop in the 40s and 30s―sometimes even the 20s. July and August tend to be somewhat drier, although afternoon thundershowers are common. Fall Weather can be pleasant, although temperatures average 10-2 degrees lower than summer readings, Nighttime lows can fall into teens and lower. Snowstorms Winter Temperatures often stay near zero throughout the day, occasionally reaching high in the 20s. Subzero nighttime lows are common. Annual snowfall averages increase in frequency as the weeks go by or towards the end of the fall season. nearly 150 inches in most of the park. At higher places, 200-400 inches of snow have been recorded. 13.If you are planning to stay here in spring for a few days, what is necessary for you? A. Enough clothing. B. Weather report. C. Umbrella. D. Boiled water. 14.Which season is generally pleasing? A. Winter. B. Fall. C. Spring. D. Summer. 15.This passage is written probably for those who plan to______in Yellowstone National Park. A. Do research work B. Take a business trip C. Have sports games D. Spend their holidays or take a tour 14.B 细节理解题。根据Fall Weather can be pleasant, although temperatures average 10-2 degrees lower than summer readings,可知在秋天去黄石国家公园天气很惬意。可知答案选B。 15.D 推理判断题。文章主要为打算去黄石国家公园旅游度假的游客们提供了四季要注意的事项。 可知答案选D。 【名师点睛】推理判断主要的解题策略有: (1)根据不同文体,推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种:1) to entertain readers(娱乐读者,让人发笑),常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章,而以议论文为主,文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场;阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性,所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出,而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性,所以,阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。 (3)根据写作思路,推断段落发展。不同的文体,写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时,要善于体会作者的写作思路,揣摩作者的谋篇布局,从宏观上左右文章的结构框架;同时,还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段,如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路,明晰写作手法,即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。 (4)根据事实细节,推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说,要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。例如:本题中的第2小题: 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分) 第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After graduation from college, I was offered a whitecollar job in an office in Manhattan. We had large __16__ overlooking a busy street. I stood by one of them one day, when a young lady walking on sideway __17__ and made eye contact — naturally, I __18__. That was the beginning of making others happy. When things were _19__, I stood in the window and waved at the passengers who looked up and this made me smile — work _20__ was washed away. Late afternoon was the __21__ time. Rushhour traffic filled the street with cars and buses. After waving became __22__, I tried to improve my act. I made signs, “Hi!”,“Hello!”, and “Be Happy!” I __23__ them in the window and waved. __24__ Day was drawing near. Job cuts were announced. Several coworkers would __25__ their jobs. Stress reached a high point. Everyone felt __26__. We needed to do something to break the tension. While working one night, a red jacket __27__ my attention. I used my __28__ and turned it into a piece of Santa’s clothing. The next day my coworkers gathered around me and __29_ for the first time in weeks. Just then my boss passed by. He looked up, saw me, shook his head and left. I thought I __30_ trouble. Soon my boss phoned me,“Mike, come to my office!” When in his office, I felt very nervous.“Mike ...” Tears __31__ in his eyes, as I sat silent and confused. When he regained _32__, he said,“Thanks, Mike! With the job cuts, it’s been hard to enjoy the Christmas. Thanks for the laugh, I __33__ it.” That evening, and every evening of the Christmas season, I stood _34__ in the window. People smiled at the strange Santa. My heart filled with joy, _35__ I made those people smile after a long day at work. 16.A.doors B.rooms C.windows D.restaurants 17.A.speeded up B.looked up C.broke down D.pulled through 18.A.waved B.hid C.left D.shouted 19.A.important B.slow C.right D.bad 20.A.stress B.pleasure C.experience D.challenge 21.A.quickest B.hardest C.longest D.best 22.A.encouraging B.embarrassing C.boring D.moving 23.A.saw B.read C.posted D.painted 24.A.Christmas B.Labor C.Thanksgiving D.National 25.A.seek B.lose C.finish D.take 26.A.anxious B.confident C.useless D.peaceful 27.A.relaxed B.drew C.switched D.involved 28.A.imagination B.relation C.experience D.pressure 29.A.spoke B.acted C.laughed D.returned 30.A.took B.caused C.forgot D.suffered 31.A.fell B.appeared C.dried D.swallowed 32.A.confidence B.anger C.control D.strength 33.A.chose B.knew C.accepted D.needed 34.A.luckily B.eagerly C.naturally D.proudly 35.A.because B.but C.although D.if 17.B 根据上文中的“overlooking a busy street”及下文“made eye contact”可知,当“我”眺望繁忙的街道时,一个路人抬头看到了“我”。look up意为“抬头看”,符合语境。 18.A 根据第二段第二句中的“waved at the passengers who looked up”可知,“我”很自然地挥手打招呼。wave意为“挥手”,符合语境。 19.B 根据语境可知,当工作慢下来的时候,“我”站在窗户边向路人招手微笑。slow意为“慢的”,符合语境。 20.A 根据语境可知,这种微笑使“我”没有了工作压力。stress意为“压力”,符合语境。 21.D 根据本段后面作者做各种标志来改善打招呼的方式可知,傍晚是最好的时光。best意为“最好的”,符合语境。 22.C 根据语境可知,当只挥手变得有些乏味时,“我”就做了一些标志。boring意为“乏味的,厌烦的”,符合语境。 23.C 根据语境可知,“我”就把这些标志贴在了窗子上。post意为“张贴”,符合语境。 24.A 根据第五段第二句中的“turned it into a piece of Santa’s clothing”和第六段中的“it’s been hard to enjoy the Christmas”以及最后一段第一句中的“every evening of the Christmas season”可知,圣诞节就要临近了。故答案选A。 25.B 根据本段第二句“Job cuts were announced.”可知,因为要裁员,所以有几个同事要失去工作。lose意为“失去”,符合语境。 26.A 根据上文可知,因为裁员,有人要失去工作,所以大家都很担心。anxious意为“担忧的”,符合语境。 33.D 根据上文“it’s been hard to enjoy the Christmas. Thanks for the laugh”可知,老板需要这份欢笑。need意为“需要”,符合语境。 34.D 根据下文“I made those people smile after a long day at work”可知,“我”很自豪地站在窗子那里。proudly意为“自豪地”,符合语境。 35.A 句意:我的心里充满了快乐,因为我能够使那些工作了一天的路人露出微笑。根据语境可知,此处表示因果关系。because意为“因为”,符合语境。 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)【百强校】2017届山西重点中学协作体高三下模拟卷 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chaplin was an extraordinary performer who 1. (star) in and directed many outstanding comedies. Few people were bored 2. (watch) his moustache, his gestures or his entertaining reactions when chased by 3. (detective). Being drunk, sliding on a banana skin or whispering his own failures to nobody, he made us feel more content 4. our life without any verbal explanation. His particular sense of humor has astonished everybody throughout the world up to now. In a small budget film, he played a badly-off person 5. (wear) worn-out shoes and 6. (mess) clothes. On one occasion, he 7.(trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area. He overcame many difficulties, 8. he was not fortunate enough. With all the porridge 9. (eat) up, he picked out a shoe and boiled it to eat. What he performed was a total failure. According to an actress, his acting was so 10. (convince) and amusing that everybody couldn’t help bursting into laughter. 【答案】 1.starred 2.watching 3.detectives 4.with 5.wearing 6.messy 7.was trapped 8.but 9.eaten 10.convincing 【解析】 6.messy.考查形容词。此处修饰名词clothes,指脏乱的衣服,故填messy。 7.was trapped.考查时态和语态。与全文时态一致用过去时,句中主语he和动词trap是被动关系,故填过去时的被动形式was trapped。 8.but.考查连词。句意:他克服了许多困难,但他也不是足够幸运。前后句是转折关系,故填but。 9.eaten.考查过去分词。此处是with的复合结构,the porridge和动词eat是被动关系,用过去分词,指粥被吃,故填eaten。 10.convincing.考查形容词。此处是so...that句型,so后加形容词,此处与and后的amusing一致,故填convincing。 考点:考查人物故事类短文阅读。 如果是名词应注意其单复数、所有格的变化。第63小题考查名词。detective是可数名词,在此指一类人用作复数形式,故填detectives. 如果是代词应注意其主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词等的变化。 如果是形容词、副词应注意其等级的变化及两者之间的转化,第66小题考查形容词。此处修饰名词clothes,指脏乱的衣服,故填messy. 70小题考查形容词。此处是so…that句型,so后加形容词,此处与and后的amusing一致,故填convincing. 如果考查某些语法内容及特殊句式,要牢记语法规则,认真分析。69小题考查过去分词。此处是with的复合结构,the porridge和动词eat是被动关系用过去分词,指粥被吃,故填eaten。 对于有一定难度的空处,先将其放置一边做后面的,最后再从全篇内容上考虑、分析,仔细体会出题者的意图。填完所有单词后,必须将所有填的词带入文中再读一遍,仔细检查自己所填的词是否与文章的情境、内容一致,读起来是否流畅,单词拼写是否正确,单词形式是否恰当等,发现问题应及时纠正。 第三部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)(2015济南市高三二模) 第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) My classmates and I take part in a wildness survival program from July 10th to July 13th this summer. Before we started, we given a compass, a map, a firstaid kit, tents, food, any clothes and so on. On the way we climbed three more hills and swam across two rivers. We lost our way in the forest. Lucky we found the right direction with a compass. As soon as they arrived at the campsite, we put up our tents, made a fire and then started cooking. We also learned what to give firstaid. Through the program, we learned to use knowledge gaining in class to solve problem. It was quite an unforgettable experience for me. 2.命题立意:考查语态。 解析:we后加were 句子的主语we是give的动作承受者,应用被动语态。故we后加were。 3.命题立意:考查形容词。 解析:any→some some一些,用在肯定句中;any一些,用在否定句和疑问句中。故any→some。 4.命题立意:考查形容词。 解析:hills前的more去掉 根据上下文只有三座小山,应去掉more。故hills前的more去掉。 5.命题立意:考查副词。 解析:Lucky→Luckily 根据下文可知此处应用副词作状语。故Lucky→Luckily。 6.命题立意:考查冠词。 解析:a→the 根据前文提到compass应用定冠词the修饰。故a→the。 解析:problem→problems 根据problem前没有限定词,单数可数名词不能单独使用。故problem→problems。 第二节 书面表达(满分25分)(河北省衡水中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷) 假定你是张峰,一家英文报社邀请你调查一下中学生对网络使用的情况,并依据调查写一篇新闻报道。请根据下表提供的信息,对你的调查作简要介绍,发给报社。 主要用途:1、阅读国内外新闻, 学习英语。 2、发e-mail,欣赏音乐,看电影,玩游戏等 3、网上购物 出现的问题:1、过多的在网上玩游戏,浪费了时间,影响了学业 2、浏览不健康信息,对身心有害 注意:1、词数:100左右 2、可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯 3、文章开头已给出 As we all know, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.____ _________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As we all know, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily liffe. We often read news at home and abroad and learn foreign languages by ourselves on the Internet. Sometimes we send e-mails to our families as well as friends. Besides, we listen to music, enjoy films and play computer games on it. We can even do shopping without leaving our homes. However, it has its disadvantages. Many students waste too much time playing computer games, which has a bad effect on their students. What’s worse, the bad information on the Internet does great harm to them. I hope every students can make use of the Internet properly for their students. 【亮点说明】使用了从句:1.定语从句Many students waste too much time playing computer games, which has a bad effect on their students.2.宾语从句I hope every students can make use of the Internet properly for their students.使用了连词和插入语:Besides, However, What’s worse使用了短语:at home and abroad;have a bad effect on;do great harm to;make use of 考点:考查学生英语语言综合运用能力。 查看更多