【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项主谓一致教案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项主谓一致教案

主谓一致 重难点分析 主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的数。‎ 一、主谓一致原则一览表 原则 概念 例句 语法一致原则 指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式 Steve Ember is a good player. ‎ Children like toys. ‎ 意义一致 原则 指主语形式上为单数，但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式 My family are having lunch now.‎ News is traveling fast nowadays. ‎ 就近原则 谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 There is a knife and two forks on the desk. ‎ Either you or he is to go. ‎ 二、概念归纳 ‎1. 表时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时，谓语常用单数。如：‎ Two hours is quite enough. 两个小时足够了。‎ ‎2. 以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来接的谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎① 表学科的名词(physics等)、书报名(the Times等)、国名(the United States等)或组织名称(the United Nations等)及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎② 单复数同形的名词，如means, works等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据具体情况而定。如：‎ Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。‎ All means have been tried. 所有的方法都试过了。‎ ‎③ the Olympic Games作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎3. 集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎① people, police, cattle, youth等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎② clothing, furniture, equipment等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎③ family, class, government等名词表示整体概念时谓语动词用单数，表单位成员时谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎4. “a number of / a variety of+复数名词”、“the+形容词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of / the variety of+复数名词”、 “the+形容词”作主语指抽象的事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ The beautiful is loved by all. (表抽象的概念) 美的事物人人都爱。‎ ‎5. 以and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但名词前有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ Walking and riding are good exercises. 散步和骑车是很好的运动。‎ Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday. 每个男孩与女孩都想要假期。‎ 注意：当and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：The teacher and writer is popular with his students. 那位是作家兼老师，很受学生欢迎。(指同一人)‎ ‎6. 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语用单数。但what引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。如：‎ What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。‎ What we need are books. 我们需要的是书籍。‎ ‎7. 主语后接with, together with, including, combined with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, in addition to等构成的介词短语时，谓语根据主语的单复数而定。如：‎ John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应该收到责备。‎ ‎8. 在“one of+复数名词+who/that”引导的定语从句中的动词用复数；但当one之前有the only/very等修饰时，从句中的动词用单数。如：‎ This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning. 她是今天早上上课迟到的女孩之一。‎ This is the only one of the girls who was late for school this morning. 她是唯一一个今天早上上课迟到的女孩。‎ ‎9. glasses, shoes, trousers等复数名词若其前有pair/kind/type/box of等量词修饰时，谓语根据量词的单复数而定。如：‎ A pair of shoes is under the bed. 床下有一双鞋。‎ ‎10. 由“a lot of / lots of / plenty of / half of / the rest of / most of +名词/代词”或“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词视其所接的名词决定单复数。如：‎ Three fifths of the books are intended for the poor students. 五分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。‎ The rest of the money belongs to you. 剩下的钱是你的。‎ ‎11. 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词或代词作主语及there be结构中，谓语动词与它靠近的主语保持一致。如：‎ Not only we but also the teacher likes watching the CBA basketball games. 不仅是我们，还有老师也喜欢看CBA篮球赛。‎ ‎12. “不定代词(all指人除外)、many a +名词单数、more than one +名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ All has been finished. 所有的都完成了。‎ All are late for the meeting. 所有人开会都迟到了。‎ More than one person has made the suggestion. 不仅一个人提出了建议。‎ 考点练透 一、单句填空 用be动词或所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. The United States of America ___________ one of the most developed countries in the world. ‎ ‎2. Every means ___________ tried, but in vain. ‎ ‎3. Not only my sister but also I ___________ good at painting. Both of us ___________ good painters. ‎ ‎4. Going to bed early ___________ a good habit. ‎ ‎5. I, who ___________ your teacher, will try my best to help you out. ‎ ‎6. “All ___________ present and all ___________ going on well,” the chairman said. ‎ ‎7. The old ___________ taken good care of in our country. ‎ ‎8. An iron and steel works, with some other factories ___________ to be built here. ‎ ‎9. The number of people invited ___________ fifty, but a number of them ___________ absent for different reasons yesterday. ‎ ‎10. I as well as they ___________ ready to help you. ‎ ‎11. What we need ___________ enough water, but what they need ___________ houses. ‎ ‎12. Her family ___________ larger than mine and her family ___________ watching TV now. ‎ ‎13. There ___________ a big table and six chairs in the dining room. ‎ ‎14. The rest of food ___________ (leave) for the rest of the students who ___________ (have) gone to the library. ‎ ‎15. We need one of the students who ___________ at the meeting. ‎ ‎ He is the only one of the students who ___________ (speak) English fluently. ‎ ‎16. Many a student in our class ___________ pop music while many students in their class ___________ classic music. (like)‎ ‎17. Each of them ___________ Chinese food. They each ___________ Chinese food. (enjoy)‎ ‎18. The worker and writer referred to ___________ (go) to write a comedy. ‎ ‎19. This kind of cartoons ___________ well in the bookstore while cartoons of that kind ___________ badly. (sell)‎ ‎20. No boy and no girl ___________ (prevent) by the heavy rain from taking part in the activity. ‎ 二、语篇填空 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。‎ My School Life The number of teachers and students in our school 1 (be) about 2,000 and two thirds of the students in my class 2 (be) girls. All 3 (be) going on well in my class and every boy and every girl 4 (be) ready to help others. Li Lin is the only one of my best friends who 5 (come) from Guangzhou, and the rest 6 (be) local people. Politics 7 (be) my favorite subject and listening to music 8 (be) what I often do in my spare time. Whether I can be admitted to university 9 (be) still unknown, but what I need to do now 10 (be) not wasting any time. ‎ 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ First Aid Kit ‎ We should all have one, and in fact, we should all have more than one. 1 (recommend) state that you should carry a first aid kit in the car, there should be a first aid kit in the home, in the office, at school, when you go out hiking, cycling or on any other type of outdoor adventure, we need access 2 first aid kits at all times. Make sure that you find out 3 the first aid kits 4 (store) when they are needed. Being prepared for an emergency is vital, and a well-stocked (备货充足的) first aid kit can make sure that you are ready for emergencies as 5 happen.‎ First aid kits are available ready made in many different shapes and sizes. Many people find 6 convenient to buy a ready-made first aid kit, it saves having to think, 7 other people prefer to make up their own first aid kit and buy the necessary items 8 (individual). Even if you buy a ready-made first aid kit, however, you’ve still got to check it out occasionally to:‎ ‎◆replace any items which have been used ‎◆replace any medications which 9 (become) out of date ‎◆stock up on personalized medication ‎◆make sure that the batteries still work in the flashlight There are some items which must be included in your first aid kit and 10 which are more personal. The stuff (东西) you must include are: … (Please find out the items on your own.)‎ 助读词汇 ready-made adj. 现成的 medication n. 药物 vital adj. 至关重要的 occasionally adv. 偶尔；不定期地 available adj. 可用的 personalized adj. 个性化的 flashlight n. 手电筒 at all times 始终 go hiking 去远足 out of date 过期的 check out 核实 stock up on 置办 四、佳作欣赏 下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，注意其中主谓一致的问题，用心体会其用法。‎ Dear David, ‎ ‎ How are you getting on with everything? I have got some good news to tell you. ‎ ‎ I won the Experience UK Knowledge Contest last week and I will be given a chance to visit Britain for eight days in January at no charge! I am really grateful to you for all your help with my English learning. By exchanging emails with you, I have learned a lot about native English as well as a lot of knowledge about Britain. ‎ ‎ I will tell you about the arrangements for the trip when I have got further information about it. Hopefully we can meet each other in your home country during my stay there.‎ Best wishes, ‎ Li Hua ‎ 参考答案 考点练透 一、单句填空 ‎1. is 2. has been 3. am; are 4. is 5. am 6. are; is 7. are 8. is 9. was; were 10. am 11. is; are 12. is; are 13. is 14. is left; have 15. speak; speaks 16. likes; like 17. enjoys; enjoy 18. is going 19. sells; sell 20. was prevented 二、语篇填空 ‎1. is 2. are 3. is 4. is 5. comes 6. are 7. is 8. is 9. is 10. is 三、语法填空 本人主要介绍急救箱以及如何置办急救箱。‎ ‎1. Recommendations 作主语用名词形式，根据state是非第三人称单数谓语可知要用复数。注意首字母要大写。‎ ‎2. to 习惯搭配access to…意为“可以使用，接近，用到”。‎ ‎3. where 空的前后是两个分句，故一定是填连接词，肯定句意可知，此处应填where引导宾语从句，作find out的宾语。‎ ‎4. are stored 分析句子成分可知，store在此处作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态：时态是一般现在时，语态要用被动。故填are stored。(做语法填空题时，只要做到有根有据，一般都不会错)‎ ‎5. they 分析句子成分可知，此处缺少主语填代词。they指代前面的emergencies。‎ ‎6. it 作形式宾语。真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to buy a ready-made first aid kit。‎ ‎7. although 引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然其他人更喜欢制作自己的急救箱和单独地买各种所需物品，‎ 但很多人觉得买一个现成的急救箱很方便，这样不用考虑太多。‎ ‎8. individually 副词修饰动词。individually修饰前面的动词buy。‎ ‎9. have become 此处become作谓语，考虑时态与语态。此外由第一点replace any items which have been used也可知此题也应该用现在完成时。句意：替换那些已经过期的药品。‎ ‎10. others 根据前面的some可知，some…others…一些……其他。此题考查不定代词。‎