【英语】2019届二轮复习独立主结构学案(2页word版)

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【英语】2019届二轮复习独立主结构学案(2页word版)

‎2019届二轮复习独立主结构 with引导的独立主格结构一向是书面表达中的得分点,语法教学中的难点,和学生在考试中的难解点和易错点。但高考并不回避难点,请看该语法点在今年高考全国I卷中的体现:‎ ‎1. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. (2018全国I卷阅读理解B文)‎ 在这个句子中,with+名词+名词短语构成一个独立主格结构,相当于一个原因状语,意思是“因为食品是我们每周最大的家庭支出,所以Susanna 和 Matt两个人每周都在不同的一个家庭度过,(帮他们用最少的钱做美味而有营养的饭菜。)”。‎ ‎2. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.(2018全国I卷阅读理解C文)‎ 这句话意思是“在总数6800种语言中,远超过400种语言已经接近于消亡,只剩下很少几个老年人(还在说这些语言)”。句子中使用了with+名词+过去分词的独立主格结构,表示伴随情况。‎ 独立主格结构在意义上相当于一个状语从句,但在形式上却是一个没有谓语的非句子结构。常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。独立主格结构的构成形式主要有以下几种:‎ ‎1. with + 宾语 + 宾补(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式)‎ He fell asleep with the door open. 他开着门睡着了。‎ He left the office with the lights on. 他开着灯离开了办公室。‎ With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 有这么多的工作要做,经理感到很忧愁。‎ In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person. 在亚洲部分地区,你不能坐的时候用脚对着别人。‎ Later, another type of coin was used, with holes in it, and these were used for the next 2,000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916. 后来,另一种上面带洞的硬币被投入使用,而且被使用了2000多年。换句话说,从公元前221年一直用到1916年。‎ ‎2. “其它介词(如like, of, without)+ 宾语 +宾补”。‎ The cards seemed like so many little flags dotted(点缀) about the classroom. 这些卡片看来就像有许多小旗帜装点着教室。‎ There' s a danger of a fire being started. 有火被点燃的危险。‎ ‎3. “逻辑主语 + being + 表语”。逻辑主语是名词时,being可省略;逻辑主语是代词时,being不可省略。‎ The class (being) over, they began to talk. 课上完了,他们开始说话。‎ It being a fine day, we all went out for a walk. 天气很好,我们都出去散步了。‎ ‎4. “There + v-ing 形式 +名词”中,一般只用动词be, come, go, live, stand, lie等动词的–ing 形式。‎ There being a lot of work to do, David had to change his mind. 有许多工作要做,大卫不得不改变主意。‎ There having been no rain for half a year, all the crops in the field were dry. 半年没下雨,地里的庄稼都干了。‎ ‎5. “名词/代词 + 名词/不定式/介词短语/分词”。‎ All the things taken into account, they set out to do the experiment. 所有事情都考虑在内后,他们开始做实验。‎ Some villagers went to the fields to get in wheat, most of them women. 一些村民,大都是女人,去田地里收割小麦。 ‎ He published the first volume of the novel, the second to follow in a year. 他发表了小说的第一卷,一年后,接着发表了第二卷。‎ Weather permitting, we' ll go to the countryside and enjoy the fresh air. 天气许可的话,我们会去乡下,呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。‎ They found about 200,000 silver pennies in the old tomb, all of them over 600 years old.  在古墓中他们发现了约20万枚银币,所有的银币都有600年以上了。‎ 注意:在“名词+介词短语”的独立结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。如与with连用,名词前需加冠词或物主代词。‎ 例如,以下一句话可以用其下两种方式表达:‎ 那个小孩子在院子里追着猫,手里拿了根棍子。‎ Stick in hand, the little boy is running after the cat in the yard.‎ With a stick in his hand, the little boy is running after the cat in the yard.‎
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