云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重介词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重介词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重介词 高考语法填空：侧重介词 （1） 介词辨析 A. 表示时间的介词 ‎1．in，on，at，over ‎(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如：‎ in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in one's thirties，in the morning等。‎ ‎(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如：‎ on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January, on a fine morning等。‎ ‎(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如：‎ at 3：20， at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。‎ ‎(4)over后面接一段时间，表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如：‎ David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.‎ ‎(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前一律不用介词。如：‎ He went to Japan last year.‎ We meet every day.‎ ‎2．in，after ‎(1)“in＋一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如：‎ My mother will come back in three or four days.‎ ‎(2)“after＋一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如：‎ He arrived after five months.‎ ‎(3)“after＋具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如：‎ She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon.‎ The rain began to fall after seven.‎ ‎3．from，since，for ‎(1)from后接具体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如：‎ I hope to do morning exercises from today.‎ ‎(2)since后接具体过去时间，表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。如：‎ We have not seen each other since 2010.‎ ‎(3)for后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用。如：‎ I have been in the army for 5 years.‎ A. 表地点的介词 ‎1．at，in，on，to ‎(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近；在……旁边”。如：‎ He arrived at the station at ten.‎ He is sitting at the desk.‎ ‎(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如：‎ He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.‎ Shandong lies in the east of China.‎ ‎(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如：‎ Russia lies on the north of China.‎ ‎(4)to表示“在……范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如：‎ Japan is to the east of China.‎ ‎2．above，over，on ‎(1)above意为“在……上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：‎ The bird is flying above my head.‎ ‎(2)over意为“在……之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：‎ There is a bridge over the river.‎ ‎(3)on意为“在……之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：‎ He put his watch on the desk.‎ A. 表示运动方向的介词 ‎1．across，over，through ‎(1)across表示从物体表面穿过，与on有关。如：‎ across the playground/square/desert/river ‎(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如：‎ He jumped over the wall.‎ ‎(3)through表示从物体里面穿过，与in有关。也可表示时间，指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”。如：‎ through the pipe/forest/door We work hard all through the year.‎ ‎2．in，into ‎(1)in通常表示静态，意为“在……里面”。如：‎ We walked in the park.‎ 我们在公园里走着。‎ ‎(2)into通常表示动态，意为“进入到……里面”。如：‎ We walked into the park.‎ 我们走进了公园。‎ A. 表示原因的介词 ‎1．for表示原因时，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：‎ I am sorry for what I said to you.‎ ‎2．at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到……而……”。如：‎ He was surprised at the news.‎ ‎3．from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：‎ He died from the wound.‎ ‎4．of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：‎ The old man died of hunger.‎ ‎5．with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：‎ Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.‎ He was shaking with anger.‎ ‎6．by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：‎ She took your umbrella by mistake.‎ 她错拿了你的雨伞。‎ ‎7．over一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：‎ She wept over the death of her daughter.‎ We laughed over the victory.‎ ‎8．because of表示引起结果的直接原因。如：‎ He retired last month because of his illness.‎ ‎9．thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏……，多亏……”。如：‎ Thanks to John, we won the game.‎ A. 表示计量的介词 ‎1．at表示“以……速度；以……价格”。如：‎ It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.‎ I sold my car at a high price.‎ ‎2．for表示“用……交换；以……为代价”。如：‎ He sold his car for 500 dollars.‎ 注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。‎ ‎3．by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。如：‎ They paid him by the month.‎ 注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。‎ A. 表示工具或手段的介词 ‎1．by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词。如：‎ I went there by bus.‎ ‎2．with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词。如：‎ He broke the window with a stone.‎ ‎3．in表示“用”时，后面的宾语不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：‎ I hate letters written in pencil.‎ We will never forget this historical lesson written in blood.‎ ‎4．on表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。如：‎ They talked on the telephone.‎ She learns English on the radio/on TV.‎ B. 表示“在……之间”的介词 ‎1．between表示在两者之间。如：‎ You are to sit between your father and me.‎ ‎2．among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：‎ He is always happy among his classmates.‎ ‎3．有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如：‎ Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.‎ Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition.‎ C. 表示“除了”的介词 ‎1．besides表示“除……之外，还有……”。如：‎ We all went to see the film besides you.‎ 除你之外我们也都去看电影了。‎ ‎2．except表示“除……外，把……除去”。如：‎ We all went to see the film except you.‎ 除你之外我们都去看电影了。‎ ‎3．but与except同义，但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如：‎ I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.‎ ‎4．except for表示“如无……就……，只是……”，多表明理由细节。如：‎ His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.‎ ‎5．except that表示“除……外，把……除去”，后面接句子。如：‎ I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing.‎ ‎6．apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：‎ Apart from/Besides English，he has a good command of Russian and French.‎ He has no interests，apart from/except his work.‎ It's a good paper，apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.‎ （1） 介词的搭配、介词短语 ‎1．名词词组：如on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one's opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着 ‎2．动词词组：如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of ‎ sth.抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)‎ ‎3．形容词词组：如be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎 ‎4．介词短语：如apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备，万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等。‎ ‎ ‎ 高考语法填空选练题 ‎【2018高考选练】语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Michael loves scubadiving. By 9, he was an extraordinary swimmer and a good listener in the pool.‎ Michael's first dive, __1__， was truly unforgettable. Instead of using a boat, the plan was to go down a ladder at the boat and drop into about 15 feet of water. Everything went __2__ (perfect). His instructor Polly led him to the nearby reef. While __3__ (explore) the reef in 27 feet of water, Michael suddenly signaled a problem with his mask. Polly signaled back for him to clear it. He cleared it __4__ then later signaled the problem again. His mask was completely flooded with water. Michael made a sign __5__ he wanted to go up. Polly signaled, “No! Stay with me！”‎ According to Polly, even though scuba __6__ (train) teaches new divers how to deal with flooded masks, many beginners panic the first time water fills their masks ‎ during an actual dive. Michael wasn't like many beginners, though. He didn't panic. He did __7__ (exact) what he learned to do during his years. He stayed calm, __8__ (think) it through, and followed Polly's __9__ (instruct). Polly gradually led Michael to an area with shallower water. The group swam together back to the shore for a celebration of Michael's __10__ (amaze) accomplishment.‎ ‎【文章大意】　Michael 是一名潜水员。最值得一提的就是他第一次潜水的时候突遇意外，其他人可能已经惊慌失措，可是他却与众不同。‎ 解析：‎ ‎1．however　考查上下文语境。根据第一段中的 he was an extraordinary swimmer 可知他是一名非常优秀的潜水员，结合下文可知这里表示“但是他的第一次潜水却永生难忘”，是转折关系，而且本空缺少的是副词，能这样使用的是however。‎ ‎2．perfectly　考查词形转换。本空缺少的是副词，修饰谓语动词 went。‎ ‎3．exploring　考查状语从句的省略。当主句和从句的主语一致，而且从句中含有 be 动词的时候，从句中的主语和 be 动词可以省略。从句中 explore 的逻辑主语是 Michael，动作是主动发出的，所以用 exploring。‎ ‎4．but　考查连词。前后是转折关系，这里需要一个表示转折关系的并列连词。‎ ‎5．that　考查同位语从句。句中的 he wanted to go up 解释名词 sign，所以这是一个同位语从句。‎ ‎6．training　考查词形转换。这里指的是 Michael 接受的要成为一名潜水员所必需的“训练”，所以用名词 training 作主语。‎ ‎7．exactly　考查词形转换。这里用 exactly 修饰动词 do。‎ ‎8．thought　考查动词的时态。本句中含有三个连续的过去的动作，所以应该使用 think 的过去式。‎ ‎9．instructions　考查词形转换。本空需要一个名词与follow构成动宾短语；而 instruction意为“指示”时是一个可数名词，因此须用其复数形式。‎ ‎10．amazing　考查词形转换。Michael临危不惧，取得了令人惊讶的成就。这里用 amazing修饰accomplishment。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 ‎ ‎【2016高考训练】‎ CHICAGO(Reuters)-Smoking not only can wrinkle(皱纹)the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday. ‎ The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body-even skin protected from the sun.‎ ‎“We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs, of cigarette smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced, ”Dr. Yolanda, who led the study, said in a statement.‎ ‎“In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years. ” Yolanda’s team added in their report.‎ The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged, in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. In dependent judges decided how wrinkled each person’s skin was.‎ When skin is exposed to sunlight, especially the face, it becomes coarse(粗糙的). Wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Yolanda's team wrote.‎ Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking led to premature(过早的)skin aging as ‎ measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.‎ The report did not discuss die mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict(紧缩), reducing blood supply to the skin. ‎ Smoking can also damage the connective tissue(组织)that supports both die skin and the internal organs.‎ ‎1. The best title for this passage would be ______________. ‎ ‎ A. The danger of smoking B. Smoking causes skin aging ‎ C. Quit smoking for health D. A survey of smokers ‎2. According to the passage, how wrinkled a person’s skin is doesn’t relate to ___________. ‎ ‎ A. the number of cigarettes a person smokes B. the kind and characteristics of skin ‎ C. how long a person smokes D. how long skin is under sunlight ‎3. From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because ____________. ‎ ‎ A. it will lower blood supply to skin B. it can make you feel tired ‎ C. it can make skin come off D. it can make blood run faster ‎4. The main purpose of the passage is to ____________. ‎ ‎ A. inform people about the study of skin B. advise people how to protect skin ‎ C. warn people not to smoke again D. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging 参考答案1—4、BBAC