考点51+完形填空说明文-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过

考点51+完形填空说明文-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过

考点51 完形填空说明文 高考频度：★★★★★‎ ‎ ‎ 说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识，进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。‎ 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。‎ 说明文类完形填空通常有以下命题特点：‎ ‎1. 开头点题 在说明文类完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。‎ ‎2. 结构清晰 说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系以及选择正确答案具有重要意义。‎ ‎3. 文体特点 说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。‎ ‎4. 条理清楚 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序等来说明事物或事理。‎ 解答这类题目要遵循下列原则：‎ ‎1. 明白说明对象 文章的首句一般就明确了说明对象。对文章要进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。‎ ‎2. 弄清楚说明的顺序，利用好标志语 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为＂语篇标志语＂。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的by the way等；表示递进关系的besides, what’s more等；表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的but, while, on the other hand等。做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。‎ ‎3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。‎ ‎4. 注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。‎ ‎ ‎ Monday morning always seems to come too soon. Just when you’re getting used to the 1 , it’s already finished. For many of us, Monday is what we 2 , but have no escape from.‎ So take a deep breath and get your spirits up, 3 you will find it hard. Here are four 4 to drive the Monday blues away.‎ Just get 5 . The best thing to do on a Monday morning is to get some exercise or go for a 6 that makes you feel good. Just find a green spot to have a walk 7 even just sit there. Fresh air, sunshine and green plants can put you in a 8 mood.‎ Turn the music on. When you’re back from your work, nothing 9 better than listening to some music. Get your favorite, 10 your music system and let the music set the tone for the day.‎ ‎ 11 your best. Make Monday your look-my-best 12 . Wear the clothes you like most. Even if it means wearing that red shirt you were 13 for a special occasion. Instead of blacks and blacks, go for 14 colours. Some of that sunshine yellow or red will drive the 15 away.‎ Eat happily. For those 16 lovers, bring out your favorite chocolates and eat them all by ‎ yourself , right in the 17 . Nothing is better than the guilty 18 of early morning chocolate. You say you are ‎19 a diet ? Then make Monday your free day. Food is the best way to 20 the blues.‎ Remember, the next weekend’s only five days away!‎ ‎1. A. Saturday B. Sunday C. weekday D. weekend ‎2. A. like B. hate C. appreciate D. disagree ‎3. A. in case B. once C. as soon as D. although ‎4. A. steps B. ways C. ideas D. procedures ‎5. A. down B. off C. out D. back ‎6. A. drive B. rest C. visit D. walk ‎7. A. and B. or C. but D. than ‎8. A. better B. worse C. best D. worse ‎9. A. proves B. does C. works D. sounds ‎10. A. turn down B. turn over C. turn off D. turn on ‎11. A. Dress B. Look C. Put up D. Choose ‎12. A. day B. person C. chance D. moment ‎13. A. making B. saving C. waiting D. buying ‎14. A. bright B. red C. dark D. beautiful ‎15. A. yellows B. blues C. whites D. oranges ‎16. A. chocolate B. diet C. food D.‎ ‎ vegetable ‎17. A. bedroom B. morning C. night D. home ‎18. A. feeling B. taste C. pleasure D. attract ‎19. A. in B. for C. at D. on ‎20. A. attract B. beat C. complete D. meet ‎【文章大意】文章介绍很多人在星期一都会感到沮丧，文章给出四种方法赶走周一抑郁。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. D 【解析】上文的take a deep breath and get your spirits up和下文的you will find it hard是转折关系，用although虽然。故选D。‎ ‎4. B 【解析】根据下文可知，文章介绍四种赶走周一抑郁的方法。ways方法。故选B。‎ ‎5. C 【解析】根据下文＂The best thing to do on a Monday morning is to get some exercise＂可知，第一个建议是让人们出去。out出去。故选C。‎ ‎6. D 【解析】根据下文＂have a walk＂可知，这里建议人们出去散步。walk散步。故选D。‎ ‎7. B 【解析】have a walk和sit there是选择关系。or或者。故选B。‎ ‎8. A 【解析】句意：新鲜空气，阳光和绿色植物可以让你情绪更好。better更好。故选A。‎ ‎9. C 【解析】句意：当你下班回家的时候，没有什么比听一些音乐更管用了，works奏效。故选C。‎ ‎10. D 【解析】根据下文＂Turn the music on.＂可知，这里是打开音响设备。turn on打开。故选D。‎ ‎11. A 【解析】根据下文＂Wear the clothes you like most.＂可知，这里是穿上最好的衣服。dress穿衣。故选A。‎ ‎12. A 【解析】句意：让星期一成为你看起来最漂亮的一天。day日子。故选A。‎ ‎13. B 【解析】根据下文＂for a special occasion＂可知，这个裙子是你留着特殊场合穿的。saving省下。故选B。‎ ‎14. A 【解析】根据下文＂Instead of blacks and blacks,＂可知，作者建议穿明亮颜色的衣服。‎ bright明亮的。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎17. B 【解析】根据下文＂early morning chocolate＂可知是早上吃巧克力。morning早上。故选B。‎ ‎18. C 【解析】根据上文＂bring out your favorite＂可知，早上吃巧克力是内疚的快乐。pleasure快乐。故选C。‎ ‎19. D 【解析】on a diet 为固定搭配，意为＂在节食＂。故选D。‎ ‎20. B 【解析】根据上文＂drive the Monday blues away＂可知，食物是击败抑郁的最好方法。beat击败。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组一（高考真题）‎ Cloze 1 (2016·上海卷) ‎ In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.‎ In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.‎ Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such ‎ Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.‎ A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.‎ Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.‎ ‎1. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike ‎ ‎2. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme ‎ ‎3. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise ‎4. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above ‎ ‎5. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging ‎ ‎6. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply ‎7. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression ‎8. A. bossy B. experienced C. w estern D. male ‎ ‎9. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing ‎ ‎10. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating ‎ ‎11. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared ‎12. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally ‎ ‎13. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure ‎14. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene ‎15. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Cloze 2 (2015·安徽卷) ‎ ‎ In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.‎ ‎ How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 .‎ ‎ Another cause is our 7 of disposable(一次性的)products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.‎ ‎ Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.‎ ‎ All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more ‎ governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.‎ ‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.‎ ‎1. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem ‎2. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products ‎3. A. face B. become C. observe D. change ‎4. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw ‎5. A. Thanks to B.As to C. Except for D. Regardless of ‎6. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful ‎7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division ‎8. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy ‎9. A. ways B. places C.jobs D. friends ‎10. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve ‎11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes ‎12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for ‎13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger ‎14. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away ‎15. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences ‎16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure ‎17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands ‎18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile ‎19. A.by B.in favour of C. after D. instead of ‎20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising ‎ ‎ 题组二（2017年名校模拟题）‎ Cloze 1(2017届河北省衡水中学高三第二次模拟考试)‎ ‎ Hello, Mr. Wi-Fi. Life without you is next to impossible. We’re happy to sing your name from morning till evening, sometimes till dawn. 1 I know you help me, sometimes you’re making me do things with 2 attention. Many times I promise myself that I’ll 3 my feelings towards you, but you’re 4 me closer and closer… You’ve entered both my home and my 5 . You’re just a window for our 6 and information. But we people aren’t 7 only with the window. So we open all our 8 for you. Is this a(n) 9 or some kind of attachment? If this is an illness, is it curable? And if this is an attachment will you 10 me to the lifelong togetherness?‎ We want you 24/7. Can’t you take a few days off so that both you and I can 11 ? You’re a poison—not a slow one but a super 12 poison which holds our mind and makes us dance 13 its tune. Nowadays you’re so 14 that anyone can buy and make you our 15 . You’ll never be bothered about our health but we’ll 16 be concerned about your ＂health＂. Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.‎ ‎ you were a 17 person made of flesh and blood(血肉之躯)would we love you the same? You 18 us with your numerous talents and we even can’t get rid of you. We’re all your 19 . Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations 20 , but if they did why can’t we?‎ ‎1. A. Now that B. Only if C. Though D. When ‎2. A. praised B. increased C. focused D. divided ‎3. A. keep in B. bring back C. approve of D. give up ‎4. A. drawing B. pushing C. forcing D. observing ‎5. A. space B. soul C. society D. workplace ‎6. A. entertainment B. argument C. expansion D. struggle ‎7. A. strict B. satisfied C. generous D. busy ‎8. A. thoughts B. eyes C. exits D. doors ‎9. A. disease B. inspiration C. routine D. phenomenon ‎10.A. recommend B. instruct C. commit D. adapt ‎11. A. persist B. relax C. progress D. balance ‎12.A. raw B. ambiguous C. strong D. fast ‎13. A. to B. against C. from D. within ‎14. A. affordable B. valuable C. conventional D. attractive ‎15. A. addition B. expert C. companion D. instrument ‎16.A. sometimes B. always C. never D. seldom ‎17. A. selfish B. dishonest C. responsible D. real ‎18. A. control B. scold C. comfort D. challenge ‎19. A. friends B. salves C. colleagues D. employers ‎20. A. suffered B. connected C. survived D. surfed ‎ ‎ Cloze 2(2017届广东省顺德一中等六校高三第二次联考 )‎ ‎ If you associate modern British fiction with the cool, lonely tones of Martin Amis and Julian Barnes, and US fiction with Jonathan Franzen’s 1 inner worlds or John Irving’s sentimentality, it seems you have good 2 . An analysis of the 3 texts of English-language books over the 4 century concludes that, since the 1980s, words that 5 emotional content have become 6 more common in US books than in British ones. ‎ The 7 , by anthropologist (人类学家) Alberto Acerbi of the University of Bristol, UK, and his colleagues, takes advantage of Google’s database of more than 5 million digitally 8 books from the past several centuries. This resource has 9 been used to examine the 10 of literary styles and trends in literary expressions of individualism. ‎ Such 11 of the cultural information made available by new technologies has been 12 ＂‎ culturomics＂ (文化组学). Its 13 think that these approaches can 14 trends in social opinions and standards of behavior that are 15 hidden within vast quantities of data. ‎ ‎＂Language use in books 16 what people are talking about and thinking about during a 17 time, so Google Books provides a fascinating 18 into the past,＂ says psychologist Jean Twenge of San Diego State University in California. ‎ The 19 results certainly seem to show that informal descriptions about social mood are reflected in the 20 (both fiction and non-fiction) of the twentieth century. ‎ ‎1.A. independent B. emotional C. peaceful D. autonomous ‎2.A. reason B. way C. excuse D. truth ‎3.A. digitized B. translated C. adapted D. adopted ‎4.A. old B. modern C. former D. past ‎5.A. take B. include C. carry D. arrange ‎6.A. significantly B. surprisingly C. doubtfully D. instructively ‎7.A. book B. study C. experiment D. lecture ‎8.A. written B. chosen C. scanned D. made ‎9.A. formally B. casually C. never D. previously ‎10.A. evolution B. development C. progress D. revolution ‎11. A. learning B. mining C. searching D. using ‎12.A. regarded B. formed C. appointed D. called ‎13.A. opponents B. owners C. advocates D. writers ‎14.A. examine B. discover C. cause D. generate ‎15.A. certainly B. often C. also D. otherwise ‎16.A. suggests B. reflects C. explains D. displays ‎17.A. particular B. different C. hard D. pleasant ‎18.A. window B. picture C. sight D. roof ‎19.A. earliest B. best C. latest D. poorest ‎20.A. literature B. science C. politics D. economics Passage 3(江苏省南京市九月学情调研)‎ ‎ The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the 1 that drama evolved from ritual(宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings 2 the natural forces of the world—even the seasonal changes—as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to 3 these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to 4 the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into 5 rituals. ‎ ‎ 6 stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed, some rituals were 7 , but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama. ‎ Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the 8 of theatre because music, dance, masks, and 9 were almost always used. 10 , a suitable site had to be provided for performances and 11 the entire community did not ‎ participate , a(n) 12 division was usually made between the ＂area of acting and theatre in which an audience sits ＂. Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was 13 to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals, religious leaders usually 14 that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the 15 effect—success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun— 16 an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representatives were separated from 17 activities. ‎ Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in 18 . According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread. 19 through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are 20 of animal movements and sounds. ‎ ‎1.A. background B. assumption C. evidence D. theory ‎2.A. viewed B. employed C. imagined D. dismissed ‎3.A. take B. possess C. guarantee D. control ‎4.A. start B. show C. bring D. continue ‎5.A. usual B. direct C. convincing D. fixed ‎6.A. Apparently B. Actually C. Eventually D. Naturally ‎7.A. spread B. abandoned C. followed D. celebrated ‎8.A. seed B. content C. myth D. history ‎9.A. costumes B. routines C. instructions D. performances ‎10.A. As a result B. In fact C. On the contrary D.‎ ‎ In addition ‎11.A. when B. although C. unless D. while ‎12.A. deep B. equal C. clear D. extra ‎13.A. attached B. related C. committed D. tied ‎14.A. put up B. took up C. took on D. put on ‎15.A. unexpected B. unpredicted C. prepared D. desired ‎16.A. whenever B. as C. whatever D. so ‎17.A. social B. political C. economic D. religious ‎18.A. accounts B. story-telling C. descriptions D. drama-writing ‎19.A. at that time B. at a time C. at first D. at once ‎20.A. imitations B. creatures C. presentations D. exhibitions ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组一 ‎ Cloze 1‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. B 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给予他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B项正确。‎ ‎4. D 根据后句可知，此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项＂above上面的＂正确。‎ ‎5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。‎ ‎6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。‎ ‎7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。‎ ‎8. D 根据前半句＂...women will become more effective managers than men...＂可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。‎ ‎9. A 根据前句＂... encourage employees to use their own initiative... ＂（鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally 偶尔地。根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。‎ ‎13. D deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。‎ ‎14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。‎ ‎15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句＂in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。‎ cloze 2‎ ‎ 【文章大意】随着社会的发展，消费产品比例的增加，让越来越多的人选择将旧了但是还能用的用品扔掉，这带来了巨大的浪费和严重的污染，作者分析了造成这种现象的原因，并且给出了解决问题的方法。‎ ‎1.D 根据第一段末句中的＂because people ... than ever before＂可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的 问题(problem)。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.C 因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。在一次性物品充斥的社会中，和花时间与金钱修理东西相比， 更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide＂隐藏＂；control＂控制＂；replace＂取代＂；withdraw＂提取＂。‎ ‎5.A 由于现代制造业和技术，公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。thanks to＂幸亏，由于＂。‎ ‎6.C 由上一句中的＂produce products quickly and inexpensively＂可知，产品应该是充足的和便宜的。故此空 应填cheap。‎ ‎7.A 由第三段可知，人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间，使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。prevention＂预防＂； division＂分开，分隔＂。‎ ‎8.D 为什么要节约时间?是因为人们比较忙。busy＂忙碌的＂，符合语境。‎ ‎9.A 忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法，故选ways。‎ ‎10.C 公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处表示生产(produce)一次性产品。 donate＂捐赠＂；preserve＂保护＂。‎ ‎11.D 由本段内容可知，我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。adapt to＂适应＂；return to＂返 回＂；respond to＂对……作出反应＂；contribute to＂是……的原因之一＂。‎ ‎12.B 根据前句＂我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题＂，以及后句中的＂we will be happier with the latest products＂推理可知此处应选B，be addicted to＂对……上瘾＂。‎ ‎13.A 根据空后的＂we will be happier with the latest products＂可知此处表示＂越新越好＂。‎ ‎14. D make room for new ones意为＂为新东西腾出空间＂，那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢?当然是通过throw away＂扔掉＂。‎ ‎15.D 根据后句＂Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger＂可知此处指的是＂这种抛弃型的生活方式造 成的后果＂。 advantage＂优点＂；purpose＂目的＂；function＂功能＂；consequence＂结果，后果＂。‎ ‎16.C 根据后文中的＂more governments are requiring people to recycle materials＂和文章最后一句中的＂...to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment＂可知，人们回收资源的目的是减少垃圾的 ‎ 数量和保护环境。decrease＂减少＂，符合语境。‎ ‎17.B 参见上题解析。‎ ‎18.A 根据下一段内容以及空格后的＂this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem＂推理可知空格前后应为 转折关系，故选择However。‎ ‎19.D 维修东西和扔掉它们是对立的概念，因此选择instead of＂而不是＂。in favour of＂支持＂。‎ ‎20.A 根据前句中的＂to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away＂以及后句中的＂Repairing our ‎ ‎ possessions and changing our spending habits...＂ 可知选A。‎ 题组二 ‎ Cloze 1‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍的是作者和其他人对Wi-Fi的依赖，没有Wi-Fi的生活几乎不可能，大家都成了Wi-Fi的奴隶。最后作者反思如果先辈们没有做到Wi-Fi也能生存，我们为什么不行？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.A 【解析】考查动词短语。keep in抑制；bring back带回来；approve of赞成；give up放弃。句意：很多次我向自己许诺要抑制对你的感情，但你却正把我拉得越来越近…… 根据句意可知应选A。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】考查动词。drawing拉，画；pushing推；forcing强迫，迫使；observing观察。根据句意可知应选A。‎ ‎5.D 【解析】考查名词。space空间，太空；soul灵魂；society社会；workplace工作场所，车间。句意：你已经进入了我家和我的工作场所。根据句意可知应选D。‎ ‎6.A 【解析】考查名词。entertainment娱乐，款待；argument争论，expansion扩展；struggle努力，挣扎。句意：你只是我们获得娱乐和信息的窗口。根据句意可知应选A。‎ ‎7.B 【解析】考查形容词。strict严格的；satisfied满意的；generous慷慨的；busy忙碌的。句意：但是我们这些人对仅仅这个窗口并不满意。根据句意可知应选B。‎ ‎8.D 【解析】考查名词。thoughts想法；eyes眼睛；exits出口；doors门。句意：所以我们为你打开了所有的门。根据句意可知应选D。‎ ‎9.A 【解析】考查名词。disease疾病；inspiration激励，灵感；routine常规，惯例；phenomenon现象。根据下文＂If this is an illness,＂可知此处句意为＂这是一种疾病还是某种依恋？＂根据句意可知应选A。‎ ‎10.C 【解析】考查动词。recommend推荐，建议；instruct指示；commit承诺；adapt适应，改编。句意：如果这是一种依恋，你会向我承诺终生在一起吗？根据句意可知应选C。‎ ‎11.B 【解析】考查动词。persist坚持；relax放松；progress进步；balance平衡。句意：难道你不能休几天假以便于你和我都可以放松一下吗？根据句意可知应选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎13.A 【解析】考查介词。to根据，跟着；against反对，违背；from从；within在……内。根据句意可知应选A。dance to跟着……跳舞。‎ ‎14.A 【解析】考查形容词。affordable买得起的；valuable有价值的；conventional传统的；attractive有吸引力的。根据下文的＂…that anyone can buy＂可知此处应选＂买得起的＂，故选A。‎ ‎15.C 【解析】考查名词。addition增加，添加；expert专家； companion伙伴，同伴；instrument器械。根据上文可知此处表示＂使你成为我们的伙伴，故选C。‎ ‎16.B 【解析】考查副词。sometimes有时；always总是，一直；never从不；seldom很少。句意：你从不为我们的健康担心，但是我们却一直关心你的健康。根据句意可知应选B。‎ ‎17.D 【解析】考查形容词。selfish自私的；dishonest不诚实的；responsible负责的；real真实的，真正的。句意：如果你是一个血肉之躯的真正的人，我们会一样爱你吗？根据句意可知应选D。‎ ‎18.A 【解析】考查动词。control控制；scold责骂；comfort安慰；challenge挑战。句意：你用你数不清的才能控制我们，我们甚至无法摆脱你。根据句意可知应选A。‎ ‎19.B 【解析】考查名词。friends朋友；salves奴隶；colleagues同事；employers雇主。句意：我们都是你的奴隶。根据句意可知应选B。‎ ‎20.C 【解析】考查动词。suffered遭受；connected联系；survived存活，幸存； surfed冲浪。句意：有时我想知道先辈们是如何生存的，但是如果他们做到了，我们为什么不行？根据句意可知应选C。‎ Cloze 2‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了最新研究发现谷歌图书搜索能够反映出不同时期社会观点的行为标准的趋势的变化。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂or John Irving’s sentimentality＂可知，此处是说Jonathan Franzen的内心的情感（emotional）世界，故B项正确。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂An analysis…＂可知，此处是说你似乎有一个好的理由（reason），故A项正确。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文中的＂digitally＂可知，此处是说一个关于数字化的（digitize）英语课本的分析，故A项正确。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂since the 1980s＂可知，此处是说过去的（past）一个世纪，故D项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文中的＂An analysis＂可知，此处指的是这项研究（study），故B项正确。‎ ‎8.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据本空前的＂takes advantage of Google’s database of more than 5 million digitally＂可知，利用谷歌数据库中数字扫描（scan）过的书本，故C项正确。‎ ‎9.D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂been used to examine＂可知，这个资源早先（previously）被用于……，故D项正确。‎ ‎10.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂of literary styles and trends in literary expressions of individualism. ＂可知，这个资源早先被用于检测文学风格与趋势在个人主义表达上的演变（evolution），故A项正确。‎ ‎11.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂of the cultural information made available by new technologies＂可知，此处是说文学信息方面如此的挖掘（mining），故B项正确。‎ ‎12.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂culturomics＂可知，这种新技术被称为（call）文化组学，故D项正确。‎ ‎13.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂think that these approaches＂可知，此处指的是这种新技术的提倡者（advocate），故C项正确。‎ ‎14.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂trends in social opinions and standards of behavior＂可知，种新技术的提倡者认为它能发现（discover）社会观点和行为标准的趋势，故B项正确。‎ ‎15.D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂hidden within vast quantities of data＂可知，此处是说在其他方面（otherwise）隐藏在巨大的数据量之内的社会观点和行为标准的趋势，故D项正确。‎ ‎16.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂what people are talking about and thinking about＂可知，书本中的语言能够反映出（reflect）人们的所说所想，故B项正确。‎ ‎17.A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空前的＂what people are talking about and thinking about during a＂可知，书本中的语言能够反映出人们在一段特别（particular）时间的所说所想，故A项正确。‎ ‎18.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的＂into the past＂可知，所以谷歌图书搜索提供了一扇回望过去的窗户（window），故A项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ Cloze 3‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍了关于古希腊戏剧的起源。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。background＂背景＂；assumption＂假定，假设＂；evidence＂证据＂；theory＂理论＂。句意：关于古希腊戏剧的开始有许多理论。其中一个最普遍为人接受的假设认为戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来。故选B。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。view＂考虑，认为＂；employ＂雇佣＂；imagine＂想象＂；dismiss＂解散，解雇＂。句意：人类认为世界的自然力量，甚至季节性变化，是不可预测的，他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。故选A。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。take＂拿，占＂；possess＂拥有＂；guarantee＂保证＂；control＂控制＂。参看上一题解析。故选D。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start＂开始＂；show＂展示＂；bring＂带来＂；continue ‎＂继续＂。句意：这些措施似乎带来了预期的效果，然后得到不断重复，直到它们变成了固定的仪式。故选C。‎ ‎5.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。usual＂通常，经常＂；direct＂径直的＂；convincing＂令人信服的，有说服力的＂；fixed＂固定的＂。参看上一题解析。故选D。‎ ‎6.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。apparently＂明显的＂；actually＂事实上＂；eventually＂最后地＂；naturally＂自然地＂。句意：最后解释或掩盖神秘的仪式的故事出现了。故选C。‎ ‎7.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。spread＂传播＂；abandon＂放弃＂；follow＂跟着＂；celebrate＂庆祝＂。句意：随着时间的流逝，一些仪式被抛弃，但这些故事，后来被称为神话，继续存在，并给艺术和戏剧提供了材料。故选B。‎ ‎8.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。seed＂种子＂；content＂内容＂；myth＂神话，虚构的人＂；history＂历史＂。句意：那些认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人还认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽，因为使用了音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装。故选A。‎ ‎9.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。costume＂服装＂；routine＂程序，日常工作＂；instruction＂指令，命令＂；performance＂表现，表演＂。参看上一题解析。故选A。‎ ‎10.D 【解析】考查短语词义辨析。as a result＂因此＂；in fact＂事实上＂；on the contrary＂相反＂；in addition＂另外＂。根据下文＂besides＂提示可知，此处表示递进。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎12.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。deep＂深的＂；equal＂平等＂；clear＂清楚的＂；extra＂额外的＂。参看上一题解析。故选C。‎ ‎13.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。be attached to＂附属于＂；be related to＂与……有联系＂；be committed to＂献身于，致力于＂；be tied to＂束缚于，捆绑于＂。句意：此外，还有演员，而且因为避免在仪式出错相当重要，宗教领袖通常承担那项任务。故选A。‎ ‎14.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。put up＂张贴，举起＂；take up＂占据，从事＂；take on＂呈现，承担＂；put on＂穿上＂。参看上一题解析。故选C。‎ ‎15.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unexpected＂意外的＂；unpredicted＂未预测到的＂；prepared＂准备好的＂；desired＂渴望的，想得到的＂。句意：戴着面具，穿着各种服装，他们经常模仿其他人、物、或超自然的生灵，还用动作表演来表现出想要得到的效果——打猎或战斗的胜利，即将到来的雨，太阳的升起——就像演员做得一样。故选D。‎ ‎16.B 【解析】考查连词。whenever＂无论什么时候＂；as＂像……一样＂；whatever＂无论什么＂；so＂因此＂。参看上一题解析。故选B。‎ ‎17.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。social＂社会的，社会上的，交际的，社交的＂；political＂政治的＂；economic＂经济的＂；religious＂宗教的＂。根据上文提示可知，后来，这种戏剧性的表演与宗教活动分离了。故选D。‎ ‎18.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。account＂账，账目，存款，记录＂；story-telling＂讲故事＂；description＂描述＂；drama-writing＂写戏剧＂。根据下一句话中＂tales about the hunt, war or other things are told＂提示可知，另一种理论认为，戏剧的起源来自人类对讲故事的兴趣。故选B。‎ ‎19.C【解析】考查短语辨析。at that time＂在那时＂；at a time＂一次＂；at first＂首先，开始时，起初＂；at once＂立刻＂。根据本句中＂then＂提示可知，首先，讲述者通过动作和语言，然后…… 故选C。‎ ‎20.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。imitation＂模仿＂；creature＂生物＂；presentation＂呈现，表现，展示＂；‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎