广东省深圳市龙岗区建文高中2020届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题

广东省深圳市龙岗区建文高中2020届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题

深圳市龙岗区建文高中2020年高三英语第一次模拟考试 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Educators Rising NYC Chapter Time of the event: October 2019 — August 2020‎ Contact: Angel Winston Educators Rising NYC Chapter is a program for students in Grades 11 and 12 who have an interest in teaching. Chapters will participate in education-focused activities at your school and in monthly engagement opportunities hosted by NYC Men Teach. With the support of teachers or school-based staff members at your school, you can learn about careers in education. ‎ YVote Pizza and Politics Forums ‎ Time of the event: Ongoing ‎ Contact: Sanda Balaban/917-543-8350‎ Do you care about issues in and beyond your school and community? YVote brings together students from high schools across NYC to analyze the issues — crime, climate, and immigration justice — through the importance of voting. Students will explore activism, collective power, and electoral politics.‎ High School Apprenticeship (学徒工作) Program Time of the event: February 2020 — August 2020‎ Contact: Joana Arruda / 646-437-4273‎ The High School Apprenticeship Program — A Living Memorial to the Holocaust offers NYC public high school students a challenging program of work and study as they learn about Jewish heritage, the Holocaust, and what goes on “behind the scenes” at a museum.‎ Headache and Arts Time of the event: Ongoing Contact: headacheandarts@gmail.com Headache and Arts is a STEAM-based medicine and visual arts program. This one-week health education program for health and visual arts classes seeks to teach high school students about the brain and headache. Several structured materials are provided for educators including adaptable curriculum and lesson plans.‎ ‎1. What can people learn in Educators Rising NYC Chapter?‎ A. How to be a teacher. B. How to host TV programs.‎ C. How to write novel chapters.‎ D. How to fight against climate change.‎ ‎2. If you are interested in some historical events, you can choose.‎ A. Headache and Arts B. Educators Rising NYC Chapter C. YVote Pizza and Politics Forums D. High School Apprenticeship Program ‎3. What do YVote Pizza and Politics Forums and Headache and Arts have in common?‎ A. Both have the same theme. B. Both are long-term programs.‎ C. Both are held in the same school.‎ D. Both get support from local communities.‎ B I took a trip to visit New York with my dad after graduating from high school. One of the places on his list for us to visit was a “rare violin shop”. We made our way down the crowded streets and stopped in front of a tall building.‎ This building was not what I had pictured. I’d been imagining a street-level shop, open to the public，with some interesting and older violins on display. As we walked inside, we were greeted by a receptionist who asked if we had an appointment, since they were by appointment only. I wanted the ground to swallow me whole and was about to waive the visit. But my dad eagerly told them that no, and he sincerely explained that I played the violin with my high school orchestra and we would love to just pop inside and browse!‎ The receptionist gave us an odd look but excused herself to talk to a well-dressed man. Luckily, the man told us that since he had no other appointments right now, he would love to give us a tour!‎ The starting price for a violin here, we found out, was 10k. He showed us around a very private-feeling and swanky-looking condo (奢华的工作间), pointing at a room where he casually mentioned he would chat with Joshua Bell when he came by. My jaw was on the floor the entire time.‎ At the end, the man picked up a Stradivarius and asked me to pizz a string while he held it. And he said，“Now you’ve played a Stradivarius.”‎ I don’t remember the man’s name，but I’m so glad that he decided to show a no-appointment, non-customer around. He inspired me to continue pursuing my instrument after high school!‎ ‎4. Why did the author’s father take her to the violin shop?‎ A. To buy a new violin for the school orchestra.‎ B. To show support for the author’s hobby.‎ C. To ask the receptionist for an appointment.‎ D. To meet famous violinists.‎ ‎5. What does the underlined word “waive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Give up. B. Put off. C. Pay for. D. Prepare for.‎ ‎6. What can we infer about the man showing them around?‎ A. He is highly educated. B. He is respectful but strict.‎ C. He is friendly and considerate.‎ D. He is good at making musical instruments.‎ ‎7. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A. To share her experience of learning about some wonderful violins.‎ B. To show her appreciation for a man in a rare violin shop.‎ C. To encourage readers to stick to their dreams.‎ D. To tell the importance of communication.‎ C More than 90 per cent of global trade today is carried out via ships — about 53,000 merchant ships trading internationally. That number seems to increase dramatically. A 2019 study, led by researchers at McGill University in Canada，has predicted an increase in ocean traffic of anything between 240 and 1, 209 per cent by 2050. In preparation for this increase, scientists and engineers around the world are dealing with the difficult question of how to navigate (航行) more safely.‎ On the west coast of the US, one such group has a single priority — whales. The region is home to not only busy international ports but also the rich feeding grounds of blue, humpback and fin ‎ whales. As a result of crossovers, ship strikes are thought to be one of the leading causes of death for whale populations.‎ Dr Briana Abrahms, a research ecologist at NOAA Fisheries’ Southwest Fisheries Science Center, is developing an app that will allow managers and ship crews to be alerted (警觉的) to the probable location of blue whales. It is based on the group9 s new model which predicts whale movements based on oceanographic conditions. “Ocean conditions can change on a daily basis,” Abrahms explains. “We know what conditions the whales like, so every single day we can look at where those conditions are and predict where the whales will go.”‎ Of course, knowing where the whales are is hardly relevant if captains ignore the information. Abrahms admits that voluntary slow-down schemes for large ships on the east coast of the US (slower ships being less likely to kill whales) have seen low levels of compliance (遵从). Her hope is that more accurate data will encourage owners and managers to respond. “Part of the reason we think for the low compliance is that there isn’t much confidence among the shipping industry. If you say 4 slow down between July and November’，the shipping industry doesn’t believe that there is actually a whale there. By making it more accurate in predicting whales, we’re hoping our app will help,” Abrahms said.‎ ‎8. Why does the author mention the 2019 study in Paragraph 1?‎ A. To tell the importance of shipping industry.‎ B. To show the dramatic increase in global trade.‎ C. To predict marine traffic in the following years.‎ D. To explain the necessity of ensuring sailing safety.‎ ‎9. What’s the app designed for?‎ A. Calculating the number of whales.‎ B. Telling possible locations of whales.‎ C. Predicting the consequence of ship strikes.‎ D. Forecasting the oceanographic condition.‎ ‎10. What’s Abrahms attitude towards the present slow-down schemes?‎ A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic.‎ C. Concerned. D. Ambiguous.‎ ‎11. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Ways to avoid crossovers between ships and whales.‎ B. Methods of predicting severe weather.‎ C. Importance of rescuing wildlife in the sea.‎ D. Challenges of maintaining a correct voyage.‎ D Italians are some of the fastest speakers on the planet, chattering at up to nine syllables (音节) per second. Many Germans are slow speakers, delivering five to six syllables in the same amount of time. Yet in any given minute, Italians and Germans transmit (传输）roughly the same amount of information, according to a new study.‎ Scientists started with written texts from 17 languages, including English, Italian, Japanese, and Vietnamese. They calculated the information density of each language in bits. They found that Japanese, which has only 643 syllables, had an information density of about 5 bits per syllable, whereas English, with its 6949 syllables, had a density of just over 7 bits per syllable. Vietnamese, with its complex system of six tones, topped the charts at 8 bits per syllable.‎ Next, the researchers spent 3 years recording 10 speakers from 14 of the 17 languages. Each participant read aloud 15 identical passages that had been translated into their mother tongue. After noting how long the speakers took to get through their readings, the researchers calculated an average speech rate per language, measured in syllables/second.‎ Some languages were clearly faster than others. But when the researchers multiplied this rate by the bit rate to find out how much information was moved per second — they were shocked by the results. No matter how fast or slow, how simple or complex, each language gravitated toward an average rate of 39.15 bits per second.‎ But why? Pellegrino and his colleagues suspect that the answer has everything to do with the limits imposed by our fragile biology — how much information our brains can take in or produce at any one time.‎ De Boer, an evolutionary linguist who studies speech production at the Free University of Brussels, agrees that our brains are the bottleneck. That’s because, he says, the average person can listen to audio recordings sped up to about 120%, and still has no problems with comprehension. “It really seems that the bottleneck is in putting the ideas together.”‎ ‎12. Which language ranks first in terms of information density according to Paragraph 2?‎ A. Italian. B. Vietnamese. C. English. D. Japanese.‎ ‎13. What can we know from the study?‎ A. Japanese speakers convey more information in a fixed time.‎ B. The number of syllables of a language may be changeable.‎ C. Germans tend to transmit more information than Italians.‎ D. Human speech may have a universal information transmission rate.‎ ‎14. What leads to the result of the finding?‎ A. People’s fragile comprehension.‎ B. Restriction of humans’ brain.‎ C. Information density.‎ D. Complexity of the language.‎ ‎15. What is the structure of the whole text?‎ A. ①②③④⑤⑥ B.①②③④⑤⑥‎ C. ①②③④⑤⑥ D. ①②③④⑤⑥‎ 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Being laughed at or joked about can happen during the process of learning a language. 16 The following are some ways to overcome the anxiety.‎ ‎17 Remind yourself that you are learning the language，so it is normal to make mistakes. Sometimes the best thing to do is just smile, take a deep breath and try not to let the fear of laughter stop you from learning the language.‎ Practice your speaking skills. One of the best ways to practice your speaking skills is doing role plays. In a role play, two or more people act out an imaginary situation, for example, going to a market or talking to a bus driver. 18 You have a lot of questions about taking the bus. Then you can practice the questions on your friend. If you are unable to find a practice partner, you can practice in your head or you can talk out loud. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. If you are worried about what to do in the moment when someone laughs at what you said, the solution can be simple. 19 For example, “Is there a different way that I could have said it?”or “How would you usually say it?” Then, once ‎ you know the issue, you can bring the information to a trusted person and ask them to help you correct it.‎ Keep a sense of humor. .Keeping a sense of humor can make the long process of learning a language more fun. You might even laugh with the person who is laughing or making the joke. 20‎ A. Relax and be patient with yourself.‎ B. Let’s explore why some people laugh first.‎ C. You can imagine your friend is the driver.‎ D. Kindly ask the person the reason for the laughter.‎ E. You’d better not set learning goals that are too strict.‎ F. This may feel strange at first but get easier with time.‎ G. And it may make some learners nervous about speaking their new language.‎ 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ When I was a new faculty (教职员）member, I believed imagination lived not in the classroom, but in the laboratory. But when my life took an unexpected turn, I realized how 21 I had been.‎ As a research adviser for graduate students for about ten years, I 22 my research and finally became a tenured professor (终身教授). When my niece Sophia was orphaned, I became her single parent. Considering giving Sophia the 23 she needed, I chose to 24 undergraduates instead, so I could get home early each evening.‎ However, it was hard to 25 a research program that had influenced my career. To stay close to the research world, I began to 26 journal articles in my undergraduate class, expecting students, lively 27 about the latest discoveries in them. To my 28, my students would look through the papers, but they’d 29 dive into them My. Many wouldn’t even look at the 30, which I had expected them to focus on.‎ Later I found there were 31 scientific facts in their textbooks but none of them contained the pieces of data that looked like the ones 32 in scientific papers. Now it made sense: My students enjoyed 33 those established facts, but they 34 deep thought into how those facts were 35.‎ This sudden 36 changed the way of my teaching. I spent some time in class introducing a single paper and analyzing each piece of data. Then in a later class, I added a sense of 37 by forming “grant panels”（经费管委会）that would 38 their proposed studies and select the best three where research funds would be invested.‎ Since then, the students changed. They started to argue about which ideas were 39, expressing admiration for, creative thoughts. It was a thrill to see each student 40 their own powers of inventiveness. It was also a thrill to see my students know how to learn facts.‎ ‎21. A. fortunate B. wrong C. humorous D. confused ‎22. A. plugged away at B. made up for C. set aside D. put off ‎23. A. expectation B. praise C. attention D. information ‎24. A. teach B. employ C. support D. convince ‎25. A. imagine B. recognize C. continue D. abandon ‎26. A. publish B. assess C. distribute D. search ‎27. A. explanations B. discussions C. stories D. experiences ‎28. A. relief B. delight C. surprise D. regret ‎29. A. rarely B. quickly C. clearly D. usually ‎30. A. covers B. pictures C. facts D. figures ‎31. A. practical B. abundant C. consistent D. solid ‎32. A. presented B. translated C. adapted D. argued ‎33. A. introducing B. questioning C. judging D. memorizing ‎34. A. preferred B. lacked C. divided D. transformed ‎35. A. classified B. applied C. invented D. stored ‎36. A. realization B. interest C. urge D. decision ‎37. A. calm B. security C. competition D. gratitude ‎38. A. repeat B. rank C. improve D. finish ‎39. A. temporary B. controversial C. complete D. superior ‎40. A. reduce B. appreciate C. remember D. discover 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The Internet does not have a physical home. It uses a collection of servers around the world (41) __________ (process) huge amounts of data. These traffic centers are (42)__________ (official) called Internet exchanges. Some-times they are also described as the “cloud”， a non-physical name for where digital information (43)__________ (store). While these Internet exchanges can be found in different places around the world, some of them are much (44)__________ (big) than others.‎ The town of Ashburn is in Loudoun County and it’s about 50 kilometers away from Washington, D.C. It’s home to more than 100 Internet data centers.‎ ‎(45) __________ (operate) of the Internet exchanges say about 70 percent of the worlds Internet traffic passes through equipment in the area, and some of the equipment is kept in large buildings. Data also flows through a huge collection of underground cables (46) __________ (make) of fiber-optic material.‎ The history (47)__________ the area’s Internet exchanges dates back to the 1990s, (48)__________ the former Internet provider America Online moved to Ashbum. The company (49) __________ (bring) fiber and power infrastructure with it. One of the world’s first Internet exchanges also moved to Loudoun in the late 1990s. Today, major technology companies like AmazDn and Google also have (50) __________ presence in Loudoun.‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。 ‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ A few years ago, I take an adult class about drawing cartoons. I’ve always enjoyed draw pictures but hadn’t done much since college. At first my fingers seemed quite clumsily, but I kept on practicing and my skills got improved.‎ Later, I made birthday card for my mom. I careful drew several lovely cartoon cat on it. Mom loved ‎ the card very much and had it store! Every birthday, she would take the card out or watch it. Every time she looked at it, a smile would appear in her face. It hit me that how much she appreciated my efforts and loved me.‎ 第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)‎ 假如你是班长李华，你们班的外教Smith最近生病住院了，请代表你们班的同学给他写封慰问信，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 表示难过；‎ ‎2. 感谢他的付出；‎ ‎3. 希望给他一些帮助。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数：100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎1-5 ADBBA 6-10 CBDBC ‎ ‎11-15 ABDBD 16-20 GACDF ‎21-25 BACAD 26-30 CBCAD ‎ ‎31-35 BADBC 36-40 ACBDD ‎41-50 (One possible version) ‎ ‎41. to process 42. officially ‎ ‎43. is stored 44. bigger ‎ ‎45. Operators 46. made ‎ ‎47. of 48. when ‎ ‎49. brought 50. a 短文改错(One possible version)‎ A few years ago, I take an adult class about drawing cartoons. I’ve always enjoyed draw pictures ‎ took drawing but hadn’t done much since college. At first my fingers seemed quite clumsily, but I kept on clumsy practicing and my skills got improved. Later, I made ∧ birthday card for my mom. I careful ‎ a carefully drew several lovely cartoon cat on it. Mom loved the card very much and had it store! Every cats stored birthday, she would take the card out or watch it. Every time she looked at it, a smile would appear and in her face. It hit me that how much she appreciated my efforts and loved me.‎ on 删除 书面表达 (One possible version)‎ Dear Smith,‎ ‎ We’re sorry to hear you’re ill and have been in hospital for several days. We miss you a lot. You’re a great teacher — humorous and warmhearted. In your class, you always motivate us to interact with you. And you’re willing to spare your time to communicate with us in English, which has greatly improved our oral English. We appreciate what you’ve done for us and have regarded ‎ you as our friend. Now we’d like to do something for you, like bringing you food and borrowing books for you. We really hope you can recover soon. If there’s anything that we can do for you, please let us know. ‎ ‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 阅读理解 第一节 A ‎　　导语：本文是一篇应用文。文章向中学生推荐了四个活动项目。‎ ‎1. A。细节理解题。根据Educators Rising NYC Chapter中的... who have an interest in teaching以及... learn about careers in education可知，参与该活动项目可学习如何成为老师。‎ ‎2. D。细节理解题。根据High School Apprenticeship Program中的... a challenging program of work and study as they learn about Jewish heritage...可知。‎ ‎3. B。推理判断题。根据这两个活动项目中的Time of the event: Ongoing可知，这两个项目的共性是两者都是长期性的活动。‎ B ‎ 导语：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者和父亲一起冒然光顾一个高端的小提琴商铺受到接待人员礼遇的故事。‎ ‎4. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的sincerely explained that I played the violin...及最后两段内容可知，作者的父亲带作者去小提琴店是为了支持作者的爱好。‎ ‎5. A。词义猜测题。根据划线部分前面内容可知，作者因为没有提前预约，所以感到很尴尬并打算放弃参观。‎ ‎6. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中the man told us that since he had no other appointments...及第五段的the man picked up a Stradivarius and...可知带他们参观的那个人很友好和体贴。‎ ‎7. B。写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，作者参观小提琴店受到店主的礼遇，这激励她高中毕业后继续她的乐器生涯，因此她对那个人心存感激。‎ C ‎　　导语：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍如何通过app提前预测鲸鱼出现的位置，以帮助船只有效规避与鲸鱼相撞事件的发生。‎ ‎8. D。推理判断题。根据第一段及后面内容可知，提出2019年的这一项调查是为了说明确保航行安全的必要性。‎ ‎9. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的...is developing an app that will allow managers and ship crews to be alerted to the probable location of blue whales可知，这个app能预测鲸可能在的位置。‎ ‎10. C。 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的Her hope is that more accurate data ... there is actually a whale there可知，Abrahms对于现在的船只减速计划是感到担忧的。‎ ‎11. A。主旨大意题。纵观全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了通过app避免船只和鲸鱼在繁忙的海域相撞的方法。‎ D ‎　　导语：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：不管世界上不同语言的语速有多么不同，单位时间内各种语言所传递的信息量都是相差不多的。‎ ‎12. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中Vietnamese, with its complex system of six tones, topped the ‎ charts at 8 bits per syllable.可知，越南语在信息密度方面排名第一。‎ ‎13. D。 推理判断题。根据第一段中Yet in any given minute, Italians and Germans ... information及第四段中No matter how fast or slow ... an average rate of 39.15 bits per second.可知，人类语言可能具有普遍的传输速率。‎ ‎14. B。 细节理解题。根据第五段the answer has everything to do with ... at any one time.以及第六段的内容可知，是我们的有限的脑容量使不同的语言以相同的速度传递信息。‎ ‎15. D。文章结构题。纵观全文可知，第一段介绍研究的结论，2-4段介绍整个研究的过程，5-6段分析结论产生的原因，由此可知答案。‎ 第二节 ‎ 导语：本文是一篇是说明文。主要介绍了在学习一门新的语言遭遇嘲笑时的几个应对措施。‎ ‎16. G。该空设于段中，承接上文内容，说明在学习新的语言时，被嘲笑会使学习者感到紧张。‎ ‎17. A。该空设于段首，是该段的主题句，从该段中it is normal to make mistakes，take a deep breath等可知，学习一门新的语言时要放松并对自己耐心一些。‎ ‎18. C。该空设于段中，承上启下，说明在锻炼说的技能时，可以想象你的朋友是一名公交车司机。‎ ‎19. D。该空设于段中，与下文存在解释关系，说明在遭遇嘲笑时，可以礼貌地问别人自己被嘲笑的原因。‎ ‎20. F。该空设于段尾，与上文存在指代关系，this指代You might even laugh with the person...。‎ 完形填空 ‎　　导语：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何改变教学方式，引导学生们对科学事实进行探究的过程。‎ ‎21. B。根据上文I believed imagination ... in the laboratory及下文作者在教学中的体会可知，他一直以来的看法是错的。‎ ‎22. A。根据As a research adviser ... for about ten years可知，作者这十年来一直坚持不懈地做研究。‎ ‎23. C。根据上文Sophia was orphaned ... her single parent可知，作者要给予侄女需要的关心。‎ ‎24. A。根据上文 a research adviser for graduate students及get home early each evening可知，作者决定教本科生。‎ ‎25. D。根据As a research adviser ... for about ten years及had influenced my career可知，放弃自己的研究项目对作者而言很难。‎ ‎26. C。根据To stay close to the research world及语境可知，作者在课堂上给本科生分发期刊文章。‎ ‎27. B。根据上下文语境可知，作者期待学生们对文中最新的研究发现有激烈的讨论。‎ ‎28. C。根据下文Many wouldn’t even ... expected them to focus on.可知，作者看到学生们的反应后感到很惊讶。‎ ‎29. A。根据上下文语境可知，学生们仅快速浏览文章，很少有人深入钻研。‎ ‎30. D。根据下文none of them contained ... in scientific papers及analyzing each piece of data可知，许多学生甚至都不看文章里的数据，这些数据是作者希望他们关注的。‎ ‎31. B。根据上下文语境可知，学生们的教材里包含大量的科学事实。‎ ‎32. A。根据上下文语境可知，教材里的科学事实没有一条数据像是科学论文里呈现的那样。‎ ‎33. D。根据上文look through the papers ... dive into them fully及语境可知，学生不追根溯源，而是将既定事实背下来。‎ ‎34. B。根据上下文语境可知，学生们对这些事实缺乏深入的思考。‎ ‎35. C。根据上下文语境可知，学生们对这些事实是如何产生的缺乏深入的思考。‎ ‎36. A。根据上文Now it made sense及语境可知，作者的顿悟使作者改变了教学方法。‎ ‎37. C。根据下文select the best three where research funds would be invested可知，作者成立经费管委会评比选出最优秀的三个作品。‎ ‎38. B。根据上下文语境可知，作者成立经费管委会评比选出最优秀的三个作品并投入研究资金，以增加学生的竞争意识。‎ ‎39. D。根据下文expressing admiration for creative thoughts可知，学生们讨论谁的想法更出众，并对有创造性的想法表示赞赏。‎ ‎40. D。根据上下文语境可知，看到每个学生发现了自己创新的力量，作者感到非常高兴。‎ 语法填空 ‎ 导语：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个大型的互联网数据处理中心。‎ ‎41. to process。考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth是固定搭配，故此处用动词不定式。‎ ‎42. officially。考查副词。此处修饰动词called，故用副词形式。‎ ‎43. is stored。考查时态语态。store与其主语digital information之间为被动关系，且此处表示一般情况。‎ ‎44. bigger。考查形容词。此处表示比较，且其前有much修饰，故用形容词的比较级形式。‎ ‎45. Operators。考查名词。空处作主语，故用operate的名词形式operator，表示“操作员”，其为可数名词，故用复数形式。‎ ‎46. made。考查非谓语动词。make与其逻辑主语a huge collection of underground cables之间为被动关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎47. of。考查介词。the history of属常用搭配，表示“……的历史”。‎ ‎48. when。考查定语从句。空处先行词为the 1990s，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导非限定性定语从句。‎ ‎49. brought。考查时态。根据语境可知，bring表示的动作发生在过去，故用其过去式。‎ ‎50. a。考查冠词。presence作“在场的人或事物”讲时通常用可数名词单数，且其以辅音字母开头，故填a。‎