2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（6）

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（6）

‎2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（6） ‎ Passage Fourteen(Antarctica and Environment)‎ Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.‎ Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a concern they believe the world at large should share.‎ The Transantarctic‎ ‎Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.‎ While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross‎ ‎Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.‎ Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys ‎ may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.‎ ‎1.What is the best title for this passage?‎ ‎[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.‎ Antarctica‎: Earth’s Early-Warning station.‎ ‎[C] Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.‎ ‎[D] Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.‎ ‎2.What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?‎ ‎[A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared.‎ The western part of the continent would be reduced.‎ ‎[C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.‎ ‎[D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.‎ ‎3.Why are the Dry‎ ‎Valleys left bare?‎ ‎[A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away.‎ It rarely snows.‎ ‎[C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.‎ ‎[D] Sand dunes.‎ ‎4.Which of the following is true?‎ ‎[A] The “Dry‎ ‎Valleys” have nothing left inside.‎ The “Dry‎ ‎Valleys” never held glaciers.‎ ‎[C] The “Dry‎ ‎Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.‎ ‎[D] The “Dry‎ ‎Valleys” are useless to scientists.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.distant-early-warning sensor            远距离早期报警传感器 ‎2.plateau                        高原，高地 ‎3.slash                        挥砍 ‎4.blast                        一阵疾风/狂风 ‎5.vicious                        邪恶的，凶魔般的 ‎6.gorge                        峡谷 ‎7.ripple                        起伏，使起微波 ‎8.sand dune                  沙丘 ‎9.verdant                        绿色 ‎10.extraterrestrial                  地球之外的 ‎11.aura                        气氛 难句译注 ‎1.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.‎ ‎【结构简析】see … as 把……看作。Where定从修饰Antarctic。‎ ‎【参考译文】因此，越来越多的科学家把南极洲视为一个远距离早期报警敏感器，在那里地球许多潜在的危险动向早在它们出现于北方以前就能发现。‎ ‎2.The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountain 东指的使印度正南的这一部分。或山移动的那部分洲。‎ ‎3.an aura of extraterrestrial desolation 应译为：与地球格格不入的一种荒凉隔绝的气氛。或与世隔绝的一种荒凉气氛。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇有关南极洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，点面结合写法。首先提出：由于南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以这块地方就可能得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。它成了监察世界环境变化的观察哨和空间站，后面几段就写了进行考察的方面和结果。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.A 南极洲和环境问题。‎ B. 南极洲：地球最早的报警战。C.南极洲：独一无二的观察哨。D. 南极洲：神秘的地方。三项都是总内容众的组成部分。‎ ‎2.D ‎ 大陆西部成为一群岛屿。第三段“横断南极的山脉，有的高达一万四千多英尺，把这大陆分成情况各异的两个地区。山脉以东的大陆部分是由差不多两英里厚的冰层覆盖的高原；山脉以西，即美洲以南的半个大陆也为冰层所覆盖。可是，这里冰层覆盖在大大低于海平面的岩石。如果西南极洲冰层消失，那这大陆西部将成为稀疏的岛群。”‎ A. 大陆西部将小时。B. 大陆西部缩小。 D. 大陆西部将成为分散的岛屿。‎ ‎3.C 因为地球变暖和狂风劲吹。在第四段：“……这些干谷甚至在寒冬季节也很少有冰雪。它们插在南维多利亚陆地的山脉中，一度曾有从极地高原到罗斯海的深度为9000英尺的冰河。现在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一万年间地球变暖的结果。即使落入干谷的雪也被从极地高原咆哮入海的邪恶狂风吹散了。留下来的是裸露的壮观的峡谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被时速一百英里的大风雕刻成奇形怪状的大砾石，形成与世隔绝的荒凉景象。”‎ A. 邪恶的狂风吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。这三项只是干谷现象的一部分。‎ ‎4.C 他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“尽管干谷具有神秘的一面，科学家却相信他们可能为地球上葱绿的地方带来了希望的信息。”‎ A.干谷内什么都没有留下。B. 干谷内从没有冰河。D. 按照科学家的看法，干谷毫无用处。‎ Passage Fifteen (Contribution of Coeducation)‎ Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children – conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute!‎ Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.‎ A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be ‎ able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place.‎ But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.‎ ‎1.What is the best title for this passage?‎ ‎[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.‎ people are in great need of co-education.‎ ‎[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.‎ ‎[D] co-education has many features.‎ ‎2.what does co-education offer to children?‎ ‎[A] A society.‎ A true small model of society.‎ ‎[C] A real life.‎ ‎[D] True version of social condition.‎ ‎3.According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?‎ ‎[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.‎ It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.‎ ‎[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.‎ ‎[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.‎ ‎4.Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?‎ ‎[A] They live together and know each other too well.‎ Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.‎ ‎[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.‎ ‎[D] They are familiar with each other’s problems.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.to be in for = receive      接受 ‎                                He is in for punishment.  他受到惩罚。‎ ‎2.miniature            缩样，雏形，微型画 ‎3.freckle                  雀斑 ‎4.pigtail                  鞭子 ‎5.knobbly = knobby            多节的                                          ‎ ‎6.unkempt                  乱七八糟，蓬乱的 ‎7.sharp focus = clear view                        ‎ ‎      bring into focus          使集中在焦点上，对光 ‎      bring into sharp focus     这里的意义是：一目了然，明显突出 ‎8.deviation            越轨，偏离，入歧途 难句译注 ‎1.all the more 越发，格外。‎ ‎2.a co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.‎ ‎【参考译文】男女合校至少给孩子提供了一个社会真正缩影。‎ ‎3.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.‎ ‎【参考译文】棘手的青春期把成长过程中出现的某些身体上合感情上的问题清晰地摆出来。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 文章论及“男女合校制的优越性和男女分校制的缺陷。”采用因果、对比写法。首先假设单一性别社会，人所不能容忍，那单一性别的学校培养的人又怎能适应社会。因为社会是男女组成的。然后分别对比合校和分校的优缺点。比较合校的优点，分校的缺点，最后得出结论：之后合校的学生，在离校进入社会，已做好一切准备，而不会感到震惊，因为他们已有好几年的经验，会处理面临男女的许多问题。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育简直难以想象。答案见第一段“设想请你在一个只有你一样性别的人存在的社会生活12年光景，你会如何反应呢？除非你本人确实有毛病，否则，你至少不会太高兴。因此，世界上有那么多的父母愿意把这种不正常的环境（他们自己一分钟都受不了的环境）强加给他们的孩子们，这太令人惊讶！”第二段讲“教育的目的之一就是为未来的公民在成人社会中找一席之地，准备好需要的一切。而社会由男女组成，那分校又怎能准备？”后两段讲合校之优点，分校之缺点，具体对比突出主题。这都说明C 最合适。‎ A. 只有合校才能和社会相协调。D. 合校有许多特点。这两项文章内容涉及到，但作为最佳标题则不确切。B. 人们非常需要合校。文内没有直接谈到。‎ ‎2.B 一个真实社会的缩影。这在第三段第一句“男女合校确实能给孩子们提供一个社会真实的缩影。”下面的内容都是围绕这个主题而写的具体情况。如：生活在一起，彼此了解，对比等。‎ A. 社会。C. 一种真实的生活。D. 真实的社会情况。都没有B项那样确切。‎ ‎3.C 为未来公民在社会上拥有一席之地，准备好所需要的一切。这在第二段“这个话题的讨论必然会引出教育目的的问题。把各种知识塞进孩子头脑远不是教育主要的目的，教育的主要目的之一是为未来公民在成人社会求得一席之地，准备好所需一切。”‎ A. 学生学到只是。B. 以科技武装未来公民。C.为学生缺德学术成就。都只是知识学习的一个部分。‎ ‎4.B 几年学校共同生活打消了幻想。答案在第四段中,“在学校中，几年生活在一起消除这一类的幻想。没有什么脸上有雀斑，梳着鞭子，涂着指甲，尖的噪音的女神，也没有膝部有疙瘩，指甲脏兮兮，头发乱蓬蓬的浪漫英雄。棘手的青春期明显呈现出来的成长过程中身体上和感情上的问题，在男女合校环境中得到很好的解决。”‎ A.‎ ‎ 他们生活在一起，彼此太了解。此答案太过，不是太了解而不产生幻想，而是了解情况；真人就在眼前，人就实际了，消除了幻想。C. 合校鼓励他们对生活有一种健康积极的态度。这是合校的大方向，不是消除幻想的根本原因。D. 他们熟悉彼此的问题。不全是消除幻想之因，而是处理问题的前奏。这在最后一段最后两句话有说明“当学生离校的时刻来到时，他们已是很有适应性的成人，为进入社会做好了充分准备。他们已有几年处理面临男女的许多问题的经验。”‎ ‎  这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达50％的问题。而调查报告证明，只有31％。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。‎ Passage Sixteen (Mules)‎ Although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicate’s small fry, especially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. If caught there is little they can give away. A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in touch with him. Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery. He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain. All the persons at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd, and see that the mule comes through safely. If he does not, he is dimply written off as a loss. To make identification of mules easier, several syndicates have devised their own “club ties” so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out. ‎ Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey. One Beirut organization, for example, uses a room with three airline seats in it. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying. An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. More often than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the ‎ airport. This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before.‎ Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. As insurance against this, a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones. Even then things can go badly wrong. One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing” – for a fee of course. Foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help. When he got to London’s Heathrow Airport, he handed over to one of the men a black suitcase containing nearly $‎90,000 in cash, destined for Frankfurt. Just to keep an eye on things, the smuggler went along on the same plane. When they landed at Frankfurt he was handed back his suitcase. He beat a straight path to the men’s toilet, opened the case, and found only old clothes. The courier had switched suitcase en route, but the smuggler could hardly run to the police and complain that “the man who was smuggling money out of England for me has stolen it.”‎ ‎1.What is a “mule”?‎ ‎[A] A person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule.‎ A person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule.‎ ‎[C] A person who makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule.‎ ‎[D] A person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule.‎ ‎2.The sentence “if he is blown” in line (6) is closest in meaning to ‎[A] if he is arrested.‎ if he is recognized, but not necessarily arrested.‎ ‎[C] if he is recognized and arrested.‎ ‎[D] if he runs away.‎ ‎3.Why does the author give an example in the last paragraph?‎ ‎[A] To show how a smuggler is caught.‎ To show a smuggler is afraid of the police.‎ ‎[C] To show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless.‎ ‎[D] To show mules may keep the profit for themselves.‎ ‎4.how does a mule work?‎ ‎[A] Jointly.‎ Independently.‎ ‎[C] consciously.‎ ‎[D] Separately.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.fry            小鱼群，小生物群。这里的small fry是指辛迪加之子公司，‎ ‎                     小走私集团或走私者 ‎2.sit tight      稳坐不动，坚持下去，这里指一直坐等着，‎ ‎                     等到有人来和他联系。‎ ‎3.blown            欠账的，被炸毁的。这里指走私分子“出事”‎ ‎4.write off      销账，被勾销的项目。这里指把出事的骡子从名单上勾掉。‎ ‎5.written off as a loss 作为损失销账。‎ ‎6.embark (on)      开始搞，从事，上船。‎ ‎7.grip            紧握 ‎8.high up            高处，这里指高一级走私人 ‎9.fix thing      这里指“摆平事情”，解决问题 ‎10.beat            踏上 ‎11.switch            转变，调换 难句译注 ‎1.In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain.‎ ‎【结构简析】条件句 ‎【参考译文】这样，一旦在他通过机场检查处时出事，他不可能愚蠢地把检查事务官引到锁链的下一个环节。‎ ‎2.There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying.‎ ‎【结构简析】主从句。主句中分词断语wearing修饰trainee。从句中and连接两组介词短语，后有一宾语从句what they are carrying。这实际上是with(without) +v-ing+object基本句型。‎ ‎【参考译文】在那里，走私者衣服下穿着装有东西的厚厚的走私背心，连续几个小时坐着，所以他们在长时间飞行后，能习惯于很自然地站起来而不暴露他们身上携带的一切。‎ ‎3.An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning.‎ ‎【结构简析】句子结构复杂。Where定语从句修饰apartment，从句中and连接两个谓语动词，后面又用分毫隔开另一句分句。‎ ‎【参考译文】布鲁塞尔一家走私集团长期包了一套舒适的公寓。在那里走私分子可以休息，在第一次上路前的夜晚，好好控制下自己；早上出发去机场前，有人帮他们穿好衣服。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇介绍走私分子（绰号为骡子）的文章，采用一般到具体的写作手法。先从走私集团对具体走私分子实行单线，单方面联系，分配任务，以免他被逮住后出卖更多的人，危及走私集团。接货地点的人根据各集团自制的识别标志“会员联系信号带”和走私者联系。随后是具体培训走私分子，防范措施及出岔子等一般面谢佐以具体例子作说明，如：贝鲁特走私集团培训和从伦敦运送美金到法兰克福的事件。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.C mule，骡子是为走私集团交货人的称呼，绰号。‎ A. 是为走私集团具体运送走私货物的人。只运送，不交货不能成为骡子。B.负责走私货物的人。也不对，负责者不一定运送和交货。D.从走私者那里接受指示的人。更不对。‎ ‎2.B blown原义为：欠账了的，被炸毁的，坏了等。这里指：走私分子在过海关，机场检查处出事，不一定被逮捕。‎ A.逮捕。C.认出，逮捕。D.逃跑。都不符合blown原义。‎ ‎3.D 说明走私分子会把利益归己。最后一段第一句“有时，走私分子带着货物逃跑，把利益归己”。走私集团为防范此事，常常派遣高级人物监视走私人，特别是新走私者，也于事无补。这段的具体例子：“走私者和委托人同机飞行，到法兰克福机场，9万美金也是不翼而飞，走私者已经捞到手。”就是说明走私者可以为自己留下财路。‎ A.走私者被捕之事，例子中没有提及。B.走私者不去警察局报案，并不易定是害怕警察局，而是报不了。C.监督毫无用处。是副线。‎ ‎4.D单个干。这在第一段一开始就点明：“走私商的上层人物（头面人物）必须一起工作，而大多数辛迪加的小组织，特别是走私分子，他们只知道他们的直接联系人。一旦他们被逮捕，就没有什么可以出卖的。一个骡子甚至连给他指示的人的姓名都不知道，也不知道如何和此人联系”。‎ A.共同干。B.独立干，走私分子不是独立，大多数是在监督之下。C.有意识地干，上下都是有意识地干。‎