2018-2019学年江苏省常州“教学研究合作联盟”高二下学期期中考试英语试题 解析版

2018-2019学年江苏省常州“教学研究合作联盟”高二下学期期中考试英语试题 解析版

常州市“教学研究合作联盟”第二学期期中质量调研高二 英语试题 第I卷 （三部分，共 85 分）‎ 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20 分）‎ 第一节 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. Why doesn’t the woman want to go running now?‎ A. Her stomach hurts.‎ B. The weather is not good.‎ C. She needs to eat something first.‎ ‎2. How many words does the man learn each week?‎ A. Fifteen. B. Ten. C. Six.‎ ‎3. What are the speakers talking about?‎ A. A classmate. B. A workmate. C. A neighbor.‎ ‎4. Where does the conversation probably take place?‎ A. In a hotel. B. In a hospital. C. In a restaurant.‎ ‎5. What does the man mean?‎ A. They should leave. B. They have a lot to do. C. They should be patient.‎ 第二节 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。‎ ‎6. Why does the woman shop online?‎ A. It is easy to do. B. It feels less stressful. C. It has a better selection.‎ ‎7. What does the man tell the woman about in the end?‎ A. Taking orders. B. Returning items. C. Saving money.‎ 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。‎ ‎8. What type of job does the man want?‎ A. A job in a school. B. A job in a bank. C. A job in a store.‎ ‎9. What advice does the woman give the man?‎ A. To give longer answers.‎ B. To never say your weaknesses.‎ C. To pay attention to his appearance.‎ ‎10. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Brother and sister.‎ B Teacher and student.‎ C. Interviewer and interviewee.‎ 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。‎ ‎11. How is the woman ordering the meals?‎ A. At a restaurant. B. On the phone. C. Online.‎ ‎12. When will the food get to the woman?‎ A. In about half an hour.‎ B. In about 45 minutes.‎ C. In about an hour.‎ ‎13. Which part of the order does the woman cancel?‎ A. The ice cream. B. The cheeseburger. C. The large French fries.‎ 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。‎ ‎14. Where does the woman probably work?‎ A. At an ad company.‎ B. At a television studio.‎ C. At a computer company.‎ ‎15. What is different about the woman’s new position?‎ A. She will travel more now.‎ B. She will manage her own team.‎ C. She will make more money now.‎ ‎16. What does the man think about the woman?‎ A. She is very rich.‎ B. She is a good leader.‎ C. She is a hard worker.‎ ‎17. When will the woman start her new position?‎ A. This week. B. Next week. C. Next month.‎ 听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。‎ ‎18. Who is the speaker?‎ A. An ambulance driver.‎ B. A news reporter.‎ C. A policeman.‎ ‎19. How many people have been seriously hurt?‎ A. Two. B. Three. C. Five.‎ ‎20. What does the speaker advise the listeners to do?‎ A. Not travel across the bridge today.‎ B. Go by the bridge to check out the activity.‎ C. Avoid driving near the bridge entrance for now.‎ 第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）‎ 第一节单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎1.It is clear that ______ the educational resources equally is what people need badly nowadays.‎ A. advocating B. accelerating C. distributing D. circulating ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：很明显，平等分配教育资源是当今人们迫切需要的。A. advocating提倡；B. accelerating加速；C. distributing分配；D. circulating使）循环。由“equally”可知，distributing“分配”符合句意。故C选项正确。‎ ‎2.Related departments should conduct the targeted on-the-job training for the medical staffs based on their actual needs in order to improve their professional ______ effectively.‎ A. component B. competition C. competence D. circumstance ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：有关部门应根据医务人员的实际需要，对医务人员进行针对性的在职培训，以有效提高医务人员的业务能力。A. component组成部分；B. competition竞争；C. competence 能力；D. circumstance 环境。对医务人员进行针对性的在职培训的目的就是有效提高医务人员的业务能力。所以competence “能力”符合句意。故C选项正确。‎ ‎3.Many employees have questions about the rules and come to the office for further detailed explanation, which indicates that the rules haven't been made ___.‎ A. explicit B. valid C. complex D. effective ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：许多员工对规则有疑问，到办公室寻求更详细的解释，这表明规则还没有被明确说明。A. explicit明确的；B. valid合理的；C. complex复杂的；D. effective有效的。由“Many employees have questions about the rules ”可知，许多员工对规则有疑问，所以表明规则还没有被明确说明。故A选项正确。‎ ‎4.She doesn't ______ his pessimistic view of the state of economy. On the contrary, she thinks it is just on the rise.‎ A. respond to B. contribute to C. subscribe to D. appeal to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不赞同他对经济状况的悲观看法。相反，她认为经济状况蓬勃高涨。A. respond to对…有良好反应；B. contribute to有助于；C. subscribe to赞成；D. appeal to对…有吸引力。由On the contrary, she thinks it is just on the ‎ rise.“相反，她认为经济状况蓬勃高涨”可知，她不赞同他对经济状况的悲观看法。故C选项正确。‎ ‎5.Little ______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be still going his own way.‎ A. did he realize B. he realized C. had he realized D. he had realized ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：他几乎没有意识到我们在注视着他的一举一动，所以他似乎仍然我行我素。否定副词谓语little位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】英语部分倒装用法归纳 1. 否定副词位于句首时倒装 在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装： He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。 【注意】 (1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序： He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 (2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装： On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装 当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.‎ ‎ 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。。  4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构： You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。 【注意】 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor： You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。 5. 由not only…but also引出的倒装 当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式： Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。 6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句： Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。‎ 本句中否定副词谓语little位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时。故A选项正确。‎ ‎6.Most successful people think about things in new and different ways: they see an open window ___ others see a closed door.‎ A. if B. where C. once D. unless ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查从属连词辨析。句意：大多数成功的人用新的和不同的方式思考事情：他们看到一扇开着的窗户的地方，别人看到却是一道关着的门。A. if如果；B. where在哪里；C. once一旦；D. unless除非。分析句子可知，本句为where 引导的地点状语从句。故B选项正确。‎ ‎7.Poems by such poets as Shakespeare and Shelley are widely read, of ______ works, however, some are difficult to understand.‎ A. which B. what C. whom D. whose ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查关系代词。句意：莎士比亚和雪莱等诗人的诗歌被广泛阅读，但他们其中一些作品却难以理解。分析句子可知， Shakespeare and Shelley为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作works的定语，所以关系代词为whose。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：‎ ‎(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)。‎ ‎(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)；‎ ‎(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。‎ 分析句子可知， Shakespeare and Shelley为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作works的定语，所以关系代词为whose。故D选项正确。‎ ‎8.He finished writing his first novel last year, and we all think that is ______ his career really took off.‎ A. where B. when C. how D. why ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查连词副词。句意：他去年完成了他的第一部小说，我们都认为那是他事业真正起飞的时候。分析句子可知，and后的句子为表语从句，空处缺少连接副词，根据“He finished writing his first novel last year,”可知，空处应该选择连接副词when。故B选项正确。‎ ‎9.The use of solar energy saved many African countries lots of money that otherwise ______ on coal, gas and oil.‎ A. was spent B. had been spent C. would be spent D. would have been spent ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：太阳能的使用为许多非洲国家节省了很多钱，否则这些钱将花在煤炭、天然气和石油上。分析句子可知，本句为otherwise 引导的虚拟条件句。本句表示与过去事实相反的假设。otherwise 相当于虚拟条件从句=if the use of solar energy hadn’t saved many African countries lots of money,后接主句 would have been spent。故D选项正确。‎ ‎10.Described as a "landmark partnership", the deal between STATSports and the Chinese Football Association ______ as part of China's push for hosting and winning a World Cup by 2050.‎ A. sees B. was seen C. is seen D. will be seen ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：中国国家体育总局和中国足协之间的这项协议被称为“里程碑式的合作”，它被视为中国争取在2050年前主办并赢得世界杯的努力的一部分。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语 the deal与谓语see为被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。 故C选项正确。‎ ‎11.Father's love for their kids seems to be a bit strict and tough; ______, mother's love seems to be loving and caring.‎ A. anyway B. meanwhile C. moreover D. eventually ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：父亲对孩子的爱似乎有点严厉，而母亲对孩子的爱却似乎充满了爱和关怀。A. anyway无论如何；B. meanwhile与此同时；C. moreover此外；D. eventually最终。分析句子可知，前后句子为并列关系，且含有递进的意思。所以meanwhile“与此同时”符合句意。故B选项正确。‎ ‎12.---Peter, you must have received a warm welcome at Jane's birthday party.‎ ‎---Far from it. I still wonder why it was that she ______.‎ A. laughed my head off B. talked my year off C. gave me the cold shoulder D. gave me a black eye ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查习惯用语辨析。句意：----彼得，你一定在简的生日聚会上受到了热烈欢迎。----并非如此。我仍然想知道为什么她对我爱搭不理。A. laughed my head off笑得是前仰后合；B. talked my year off别再来烦我了；C. gave me the cold shoulder爱搭不理；D. gave me a black eye打得某人乌眼青。由“Far from it.”可知，gave me the cold shoulder“爱搭不理”符合句意。故C选项正确。‎ ‎13.An increasing number of Hollywood producers have in recent years released film posters for Chinese audiences, ______ their attention to the country's film market and culture.‎ A. having shown B. to show C. shown D. showing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查现在分词。句意：近年来，越来越多的好莱坞制片人为中国观众发布了电影海报，展示了他们对中国电影市场和文化的关注。分析句子可知， producers与show在逻辑上为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。‎ 分析句子可知， producers与show为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故D选项正确。‎ ‎14.Nearly 730 million trips were made by Chinese travelers within China over the 2018‎ ‎ National Day holiday, ______ cheaper tickets and high-quality travel services.‎ A. regardless of B. thanks to C. but for D. rather than ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：在2018年国庆节期间，中国境内的游客出行近7.3亿人次，这得益于价格低廉和优质的旅游服务。A. regardless of不管；B. thanks to多亏了；C. but for要不是；D. rather than而不是。分析句子可知，前后句子为因果关系，所以 thanks to“多亏了”符合句意。故B选项正确。‎ ‎15.---I'm emailing Aaron about the details of the party on Saturday.‎ ‎--- ______ we will see him tomorrow.‎ A. why not? B. So what?‎ C. What if? D. Why bother?‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查习惯用语辨析。句意：---我正在给艾伦发邮件，告诉他周六聚会的细节。---何必呢？我们明天会见到他。A. why not? 干嘛不（做某事）呢；B. So what? 那又怎样；C. What if? 如果……怎么样；D. Why bother? 何必呢。由“we will see him tomorrow”可知，Why bother? “何必呢”符合句意。故D选项正确。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分）‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A month ago, I broke a nail（指甲）. My other nails looked amazing, but now one was a mess. Clearly, there was no point in keeping the others, so I___16___ to cut them all off.‎ ‎―What are you doing, Mom?‖ my daughter___17___, ―Your nails look great! Don’t cut them!‖‎ ‎―But they’re ___18___ ,‖I said, waving the broken one in her face.‎ ‎―They’re not,‖ she said. ―You ___19___ have nine nails left!‖‎ I ___20___. My nails certainly weren’t perfect anymore, and the ___21___ of ―perfect‖ is ―disaster‖, right? I mean, this is how I think about most things: it’s all or nothing. I seem to go from ―good‖ to ―complete disaster‖ in a matter of moments. I’ve been ___22___ why I act this way, but I don’t know what causes this ___23___. My brain only ___24___ ―perfect‖ or ―disaster‖.‎ However, we humans are never just good or bad---we are far more ___25___. We have wins and we have losses and, occasionally, they are hard to ___26___. Some people understand this by nature，while others don't. For most of us, learning not to do the thing we’re used to ___27___ effort and might cause discomfort. However, we should ___28___ ourselves that we sometimes make mistakes, and that this doesn’t mean we are___29___. We need to accept that things will sometimes go___30___.‎ Somehow, failure is part of life. We all fall___31___, and we normally get straight back up. And so, with my daughter’s words ___32___ in my ears, I decided to keep my nine nice nails. I feel ___33___ every time I look at my hands, but I’m determined to ___34___ my choice. It’s a perfect exercise in ___35___.‎ ‎16. A. expected B. rejected C. decided D. managed ‎17. A. complained B. criticized C. commented D. cried ‎18. A. ruined B. broken C. disturbed D. weakened ‎19. A. even B. still C. just D. ever ‎20. A. agreed B. admitted C. refused D. hesitated ‎21. A. opposite B. concept C. misunderstanding D. comparison ‎22. A. talking about B. worrying about C. thinking about D. setting about ‎23. A. mistake B. behavior C. condition D. character ‎24. A. rejects B. abandons C. compares D. sees ‎25. A. complex B. elegant C. cautious D.‎ ‎ aggressive ‎26. A. possess B. avoid C. distinguish D. accomplish ‎27. A. motivates B. requires C. acknowledges D. recommends ‎28. A. remind B. teach C. promise D. inform ‎29. A. victims B. failures C. winners D. explorers ‎30. A. bad B. wild C. crazy D. wrong ‎31. A. helplessly B. casually C. occasionally D. merely ‎32. A. sticking B. ringing C. whispering D. beating ‎33. A. vacant B. shallow C. upset D. skeptical ‎34. A. live on B. live up to C. live through D. live with ‎35. A. imperfection B. principle C. assumption D. category ‎【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者其中的一个指甲坏了，为了追求完美，想把其它九个指甲也剪掉，但作者的女儿却阻止了作者。她认为妈妈的指甲很漂亮。由此作者想到人是会犯错误的，这并不意味着我们是失败者，我们需要接受并不是一切都是完美的这个事实。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. expected期望；B. rejected拒绝；C. decided决定；D. managed管理。句意：把其它的都保留没有任何意义，所以我决定把它们都剪掉。由“there was no point in keeping the others”可知，作者决定把它们都剪掉。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. complained抱怨；B. criticized批评；C. commented评论；D. cried喊叫。句意：你在做什么，妈妈?我女儿叫到，你的指甲看起来棒极了。别剪了。女儿看到妈妈要减掉妈妈漂亮的指甲，所以很惊讶于是喊着问到，妈妈在做什么。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. ruined破坏；B. broken打断；C. disturbed 打扰；D. weakened变弱。句意：但是它们都被一个指甲给毁了，我边说，边在她面前挥动着这个坏的指甲。由前文“I broke a nail（指甲）”可知，作者想把她的坏了的指甲展示给女儿看，以此来说明它们都不完美了。以此故A选项切题。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. just仅仅；D. ever从来。句意：他们没有，她说。―你还有九个指甲啊。still用作副词时强调动作或状态仍在继续。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. agreed同意；B. admitted承认；C. refused拒绝；D. hesitated犹豫。句意：我犹豫了。由下文可知，作者对自己这种追求完美的行为进行了思考，所以当女儿说完“你还有九个指甲啊”，作者对自己要剪指甲的行为犹豫了。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. opposite对立面；B. concept概念；C. misunderstanding误解；D. comparison对比。句意：我的指甲肯定不再完美了，“完美”的反义词是“灾难”对吧？。由“perfect和disaster”可知，在作者心里，这两个词是相反的两个词。故A选项切题。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。A. talking about讨论；B. worrying about担忧；C. thinking about考虑；D. setting about着手处理。句意：我一直在思考我为什么要这样做，但我不知道是什么导致了这种行为。由前文可知，作者犹豫了，所以一定是在思考她为什么要这样做。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. mistake错误；B. behavior行为；C. condition条件；D. character特性。句意：我一直在思考我为什么要这样做，但我不知道是什么导致了这种行为。前文“ act this way”指的就是behavior。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. rejects拒绝；B. abandons放弃；C. compares对比；D. sees看见。句意：我的大脑只看到“完美”或“灾难”。根据常识可以判断出，当对事情追求完美时，“完美”或“灾难”就会呈现在人的大脑里。所以只看到的是“完美”或“灾难”。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。A. complex复杂的；B. elegant优雅的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. aggressive攻击性的。句意：然而，我们人类绝不只是好或坏那么简单—我们要复杂得多。由“However, we humans are never just good or bad”可知，然而，我们人类绝不只是好的或坏那么简单，所以人类是复杂的。故A选项切题。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. possess拥有；B. avoid避免；C. distinguish区别；D. accomplish完成。句意：我们有赢也有输，偶尔，它们很难区分。人类是复杂的，所以很难区分是赢还是输。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. motivates激发；B. requires要求；C. acknowledges承认D. recommends推荐。句意：对我们大多数人来说，学着不做我们习惯做的事情需要努力，也可能会导致不适。做习惯做的事情会得心应手，但学着不做我们习惯做的事情是需要努力的。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. remind提醒；B. teach教；C. promise承诺；D. inform告知。句意：然而，我们应该提醒自己，我们有时会犯错误，这并不意味着我们是失败者，我们需要接受事情有时会出错的事实。作者以自己为例，作者总是在追求完美，但不是一切都是完美的。所以人们与她也有相似的情况，总在忽略不是一切都是完美的这个事实。故作者觉得人们应该提醒自己。故A选项切题。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. victims受害者；B. failures失败者；C. winners赢家；D. explorers探险家。句意：然而，我们应该提醒自己，我们有时会犯错误，这并不意味着我们是失败者，我们需要接受事情有时会出错的事实。根据常识判断，犯错误总是和失败联系在一起。所以作者在这里说明犯错误的人并不意味着是失败者。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。A. bad坏的；B. wild野蛮的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. wrong错误的。句意：然而，我们应该提醒自己，我们有时会犯错误，这并不意味着我们是失败者，我们需要接受事情有时会出错的事实。make mistakes与 go wrong 为同义词，一个说明人犯错误，一个说明事情会出错。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。A. helplessly无助地；B. casually满不在乎地; C. occasionally偶尔；D. merely仅仅。句意：我们偶尔会摔倒，并且通常会直接站起来。根据常识判断，摔倒是偶尔发生的。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. sticking扎；B. ringing作响；C. whispering低声说；D. beating打。句意：女儿的话在我耳边回荡，我决定保留我那九个漂亮的指甲。由前文可知，是女儿的话让作者对自己进行了思考。她的话在作者耳边回荡，所以作者决定保留我那九个漂亮的指甲。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。A. vacant.空缺的；B. shallow肤浅的；C. upset焦虑的；D. skeptical怀疑的。句意：每次看到自己的手，我都感到很沮丧，但我决心接受自己的选择。看到自己坏了一个指甲，手变的不完美了，所以肯定会沮丧。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。A. live on靠为生；B. live up to履行；C. live through经历；D. live with接受。句意：每次看到自己的手，我都感到很沮丧，但我决心接受自己的选择。由“but”可知，前后句语意转折，所以 live with“接受”符合句意。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. imperfection不完美；B. principle原则；C. assumption假定；D. category种类。句意：这是对不完美的完美练习。作者的手虽然不完美了，但是作者却能欣然接受，反应出作者对事物态度的改变以及心态的改变。所以这是对不完美的完美练习。故A选项切题。‎ 第三部分阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 A You’ve probably heard people expressing alarm about the spread of ―fake news‖ – stories that look like news articles but describe things that never happened. Fake news is written to attract attention, to trick people so they will look foolish, or to work as satire ( 讽 刺 ) making a point about society. But regardless of the ‎ source’s motivation, spreading fake news embarrasses you and harms others, so follow these steps to ensure you only share real news.‎ Check its grammar Legal news sites check their grammar carefully, so articles with many errors are usually fake. Also watch out for sentences written in all capital（大写的） letters and the use of multiple exclamation points（感叹号） at the ends of sentences. These are designed to bring about an emotional reaction, but they aren’t considered professional, so trustworthy publications don’t use them.‎ Read the whole article Even in real news articles, headlines sometimes overstate or simplify the point of the article. Before reacting, read the article carefully to make sure you understand the whole context. Sometimes the claims of fake news articles become unreasonable as the article goes on.‎ Consider the source If you’ve never heard of the publication, check the ―About‖ section on its website. Fake news sites often lack such a page, provide little information or even admit that they are fake. Also check an online article’s URL; if it ends with ―.com.co‖, it’s probably a fake news site.‎ Check the support Does the article support its claims with quotations and citation（s 引用）from experts? If not, don’t trust it. If so, you should still look up those sources and make sure they actually say what the article claims. There are also websites, such as snopes.com, that will tell you whether the facts in online articles are accurate.‎ ‎36. What do we know about legal news sites?‎ A. They make grammatical mistakes.‎ B. They apply overstated headlines.‎ C. They fail to quote from experts.‎ D. They use some exclamation marks at one place.‎ ‎37. Which of the following sources is probably real?‎ A. ABC News whose URL is abcnew.com.co.‎ B. WTOE 5 news whose articles have a URL.‎ C. PolitiFact whose "About" page is in detail.‎ D. Boston Tribune whose ―About‖ section is missing.‎ ‎【答案】36. B 37. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了遵循哪些建议能确保分享的是真实的新闻。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由Read the whole article中的“Even in real news articles, headlines sometimes overstate or simplify the point of the article ”可知，甚至在真实的新闻文章中，标题有时也会夸大或简化文章的观点。所以真的新闻网站会使用夸大了的标题。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由Consider the source中的“Fake news sites often lack such a page, provide little information or even admit that they are fake.”可知，假新闻网站往往缺乏这样的页面，它们提供的信息很少，甚至承认他们是假的。所以通过逆向推理，可以判断出如果新闻网站提供了详细的信息，这个网站就是真的网站，所提供的资料来源也是真实的。故C选项“PolitiFact的“相关”页面是详细的”所以这个资料来源可能是真实的。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。‎ 由Consider the source中的“Fake news sites often lack such a page, provide little information or even admit that they are fake.”可知，假新闻网站往往缺乏这样的页面，它们提供的信息很少，甚至承认他们是假的。所以通过逆向推理，可以判断出如果新闻网站提供了详细的信息，这个网站就是真的网站。所提供的资料来源也是真实的。故C选项“PolitiFact的“相关”页面是详细的”，所以这个资料来源可能是真实的。故小题2的正确选项为C选项。‎ B Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are compounds that are set to solve some tough ‎ challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.‎ The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration （脱水） within three days. Unless, that is, they had one of Omar Yaghi’s next-generation water harvesters. Although daytime humidity（湿度）is only about 10 per cent, this rises to 40 per cent at night, which means there’s enough water in the atmosphere to support life — if it can be transformed into liquid form.‎ That’s exactly what Yaghi’s device does. It’s a box about the size of a small microwave oven designed to suck the humidity from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a metal-organic framework (MOF), which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto its surface of its internal pores（细孔）. Warm it up and the water is released, each harvest producing one-third of a cup of pure drinking water.‎ ‎―With further improvements, a device, the size of a washing machine, could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household,‖ says Yaghi, a chemist at the University of California. One-third of the world’s population lacks safe drinking water; for them such a device could be a lifesaver.‎ These crystalline cluster（结晶群）of metals, such as aluminum or magnesium, linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surface. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.‎ MOFs work thanks to their unique structure---large quantities of nanometer-sized internal spaces. In fact one MOF has so many pores that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable light and have many different uses: their molecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules, such as water, and their pores can be designed to best store them. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to release what it is holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.‎ ‎38. Why is the Arizona desert mentioned in the second paragraph?‎ A. To introduce water harvesters.‎ B. To stress the importance of water.‎ C. To express the urgent need for water there.‎ D. To show its serious condition.‎ ‎39. What plays a vital role in water harvesters?‎ A. solar energy. B. water molecules.‎ C. a small microwave oven D. metal-organic frameworks.‎ ‎40. What does the underlined phrase "cling to" in paragraph 5 probably mean?‎ A. hold onto B. break down C. give off D. turn into ‎41. What will probably be covered in the following paragraphs?‎ A. The future of the MOF technology.‎ B. Other uses of the MOF technology.‎ C. The limitation of the MOF technology.‎ D. The improvement of the MOF technology.‎ ‎【答案】38. A 39. D 40. A 41. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了金属有机骨架(MOFs)的用途，结构和性能。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第二段“The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration （脱水） within three days. Unless, that is, they had one of Omar Yaghi’s next-generation water harvesters.”可知，亚利桑那沙漠非常干燥。任何没有水的人都会在三天内死于脱水。除非他们有奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器。所以奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器可以解决沙漠中缺水的问题。故判断出第二段提到亚利桑那沙漠是为了介绍水收集器。故A选项正确 ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段“What makes it work is a special material called a metal-organic framework (MOF)”可知，使它工作是一种称为有机框架(MOF)的特殊的材料。所以金属有机框架在水收集器中起着至关重要的作用。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。由第五段“These crystalline cluster（结晶群）of metals, such as aluminum or magnesium, linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surface. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.”可知，这些由有机分子连接的金属结晶簇，例如铝或镁，可制成具有极高吸收能力的材料，将特定分子吸到其表面。MOF就是通过这种方式紧紧吸附各种液体和气体。 所以第5段中下划线的"cling to"可能是 hold onto“紧紧抓住”的意思。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由最后段“ their molecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules, such as water, and their pores can be designed to best store them. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to release what it is holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.”可知，它们的分子解剖结构可以变化以吸附特定的分子，比如水分子，它们的孔可以设计成储存水的最佳形态。增加少量的热量或压力会使MOF释放它所持有的东西。迄今为止，已有七万多种不同的MOF被生产用于各类实际应用中。所以我们通过短文最后段的内容可以判断出，接下来的段落可能会涉及MOF科技的其它用途。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】根据上一段的内容来判断下一段的内容是解决判断题的重要的切入点。这一般适用于推测短文最后一段之后段落的内容。在这样的判断出，短文最后一段通常会以问题的方式留下疑问，或者以陈述句的形式给读者留下一个悬而未决的问题。这个时候以问题的方式留下疑问或者以陈述句的形式给读者留下一个悬而未决的问题就是下一段要讨论的内容。‎ 由最后段“ their molecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules, such as water, and their pores can be designed to best store them. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to release what it is holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.”可知，它们的分子解剖结构可以变化以吸附特定的分子，比如水分子，它们的孔可以设计成储存水的最佳形态。增加少量的热量或压力会使MOF释放它所持有的东西。迄今为止，已有七万多种不同的MOF被生产用于各类实际应用中。所以我们通过短文最后段的内容可以判断出，以下段落可能会涉及MOF科技的其它用途。故小题4的正确选项为B选项。‎ C I'm sitting in my kitchen in London, trying to figure out a text message from my brother. He lives in our home country of Germany. We speak German to each other, a language that's rich in odd words, but I've never heard this one before: fremdschämen. I'm too proud to ask him what it means. I know that eventually, I'll get it. Still, it's slightly painful to realize that after years of living abroad, my mother tongue can sometimes feel foreign.‎ Most long-term migrants know what it's like to be a slightly rusty（生疏） native speaker. The process seems obvious: the longer you are away, the more your language suffers. But it's not quite so straightforward.‎ In fact, the science of why, when and how we lose our own language is complex and often different to what we think. It turns out that how long you've been away doesn't always matter. Socializing with other native speakers abroad can worsen your own native skills. And emotional factors like trauma（精神创伤） can be the biggest factor of all.‎ It's not just long-term migrants who are affected, but to some extent anyone who picks up a second language. ―The minute you start learning another language, the two systems start to compete with each other,‖ says Monika Schmid, a linguist at the University of Essex.‎ Schmid is a leading researcher of language attrition, a growing field of research that looks at what makes us lose our mother tongue. In children, the phenomenon is somewhat easier to explain since their brains are generally more flexible and adaptable. Until the age of about 12, a person's language skills are relatively easy to change. Studies on international adoptees have found that even nine-year-olds can almost completely forget their first language when they are removed from their country of birth.‎ But in adults, the first language is unlikely to disappear entirely except in extreme circumstances. For example, Schmid analyzed the German of elderly German-Jewish wartime refugees（难民） in the UK and the US. The main factor that influenced their language skills wasn't how long they had been abroad or how old they ‎ were when they left. It was how much trauma they had experienced as victims. Those who left Germany in the early days of Nazi occupation, before the worst violence, tended to speak better German – despite having been abroad the longest. Those who left later, tended to speak German with difficulty or not at all.‎ ‎―It seemed very clearly a result of this trauma,‖ says Schmid. Even though German was the language of childhood, home and family, it was also the language of painful memories. The most traumatised refugees had held them back. As one of them said: ―I feel that Germany betrayed me. America is my country, and English is my language.‖‎ ‎42. What do paragraph 5 and 6 mainly talk about?‎ A. The reasons behind the loss of people's mother tongue.‎ B. The way to deal with the loss of the native language.‎ C. How the native language coexists with the new one.‎ D. How trauma leads to decrease in the native language.‎ ‎43. Why does trauma cause a person's first language to disappear?‎ A. Because he has great trouble learning the first language.‎ B. Because his ability to communicate is affected by trauma.‎ C. Because his country betrays his trust in it again and again.‎ D. Because he chooses to hide away from miserable experience.‎ ‎44. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Who will lose native language?‎ B. Will you lose your native language?‎ C. How does trauma affect your first language?‎ D. How far are you from your mother tongue?‎ ‎【答案】42. A 43. D 44. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了诸多因素会使人们忘记自己的母语，但心灵创伤之类的情感因素，对忘记母语具有关键的影响。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。由第五段“Schmid is a leading researcher of language attrition, a growing ‎ field of research that looks at what makes us lose our mother tongue.”以及第六段“But in adults, the first language is unlikely to disappear entirely except in extreme circumstances”可知，施密德是语言损耗领域的顶级研究专家。语言损耗是一门正在发展的学科，研究导致我们丧失母语的原因。但是对于成年人来说，除非发生特殊情况，不太可能完全忘记母语。所以综合第五段和第六段的研究内容和所列举的实例，可以判断出第5段和第6段主要在谈论人们失去母语的原因。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由最后段“ Even though German was the language of childhood, home and family, it was also the language of painful memories. The most traumatised refugees had held them back.”可知，尽管德语代表童年、家乡和家庭，但同样代表痛苦。受到严重创伤的难民不愿意说德语。所以受到严重创伤的难民不愿意说德语是因为他选择逃避痛苦的经历，这也导致了德语在这些人群中的消失。故推断出其它受到严重创伤的人也同受到创伤的德国人一样，不愿意说母语。导致母语消失的原因也是因为他们选择逃避痛苦的经历。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文介绍了诸多因素会使人们忘记自己的母语，但心灵创伤之类的情感因素，对忘记母语具有关键的影响。所以短文主要是围绕着“哪种情况下会忘记自己的母语”而展开的。故B选项Will you lose your native language?“哪种情况下会忘记自己的母语”为短文最佳标题。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】事物共性推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己 掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出对另一个共性事物的看法的一种推断方法，解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的生活基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。‎ 由最后段“ Even though German was the language of childhood, home and family, it was also the language of painful memories. The most traumatised refugees had held them back.”可知，尽管德语代表童年、家乡和家庭，但同样代表痛苦。受到严重创伤的难民不愿意说德语。所以受到严重创伤的难民不愿意说德语是因为他选择逃避痛苦的经历，这也导致了德语在这些人群中的消失。故推断出其它受到严重创伤的人也同受到创伤的德国人一样，不愿意说母语。导致母语消失的原因也是因为他们选择逃避痛苦的经历。故小题2的正确选项为D选项。‎ D Shan Tianfang, died at 83 on Sept. 11,2018 in Beijing because of multiple organ failure. His energetic oral interpretations of classical Chinese novels and historical events pushed the ancient pingshu tradition forward into the modern age for generations of Chinese.‎ Mr. Shan tried for many years to avoid becoming a performer of pingshu, the Song dynasty-era storytelling tradition. Growing up in the1950s in a family of folk art performers, he had seen struggle firsthand. It was a life of constant financial troubles and low social status. So it was with great unwillingness when, out of financial necessity, he became an apprentice（徒弟） to a family friend who was a master of pingshu. He made his first public appearance in 1956.‎ In the pingshu tradition, the performer wears a traditional gown and sits behind a desk equipped with a folding fan and a wooden block. The storyteller tells a legend — typically a classical Chinese epic — from memory, using different voices and exaggerated gestures as well as adding occasional background detail and commentary.‎ Mr. Shan grew to love the storytelling form, which is popular across northern China. It is a demanding profession that combines acting, oration, writing, historical research and literary criticism and requires countless hours of memorization. In teahouses around the northeastern region, he became famous for his fresh takes on the classics.‎ In 1976, many Chinese were hungry for some new forms of entertainment, and it was against this background that he grasped the opportunity to record a pingshu radio broadcast. He soon discovered that performing on radio was vastly different from doing so in teahouses. There were no props（道具）, no reactions from the audience to guide him — just Mr. Shan and the microphone in a recording studio. So for his first radio performance, a shortened version of the historical novel ―The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties,‖ Mr. Shan used the studio’s three recording technicians as his audience and adjusted his performance based on their reactions.‎ The performance had its first appearance in 1980 on Chinese New Year, and more than 100 million Chinese were estimated to have tuned in during the 56 hours over ‎ which it was broadcast. It was the beginning of a dramatic second act both for Mr. Shan and for pingshu in the People’s Republic of China. He was soon a household name across the country.‎ Over six decades, Mr. Shan recorded more than 110 stories for radio and television totaling about 12,000 episodes and lasting 6,000 hours. His best-known works include his interpretations of Chinese classics like ―White-Eyebrow Hero‖ and ―Sanxia Wuyi‖ and his dramatizations of historical figures like Zhuge Liang and Lin Zexu.‎ Even today, hop into a Beijing taxi and the driver may be listening to one of Mr. Shan’s recordings. ―For my generation, Shan Tianfang was a master,‖ said Zhao Fuwei, 48, a Beijing taxi driver. ―If back then there was such thing as a viral star, then Shan Tianfang was definitely the hottest viral star.‎ ‎―Listening to his stories has made it easier to kill time in bad traffic,‖ Mr. Zhao added. ―He was so good at making complicated historical stories simple and interesting. You feel like you could empathize with the characters in his stories, even though they lived a long time ago.‎ But in recent years many of the great pingshu performers have died, and the tradition is fading. By the time Mr. Shan retired in 2007, interest in pingshu among Chinese had all but been replaced by mobile phones and gaming.Nevertheless, even after retiring, Mr. Shan worked tirelessly to promote pingshu among young Chinese, instructing apprentices and starting a school dedicated to the folk arts.‎ Ever willing to adapt to new technologies, he posted a message to his Sina Weibo microblog account on Sept. 6, five days before his death. It was an announcement about a new live-streamed（直播） lecture series about pingshu.‎ ‎45. In the 1950s, Chinese folk art performers .‎ A. got no pay for their performance.‎ B. were looked down on by the public.‎ C. were always from an artistic family.‎ D. won popularity with common people.‎ ‎46. What is the third paragraph mainly about?‎ A. The origin of pingshu. B. The types of pingshu.‎ C. The performance of pingshu. D. The performers of pingshu.‎ ‎47. Why did Mr. Shan start his radio performance?‎ A. To expand his pingshu career.‎ B. To cater to the audience's needs.‎ C. To challenge himself in performance.‎ D. To make pingshu the main focus of attention.‎ ‎48. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 9 probably imply?‎ A. The audience get a chance to communicate with the characters.‎ B. The audience can remember the different characters easily.‎ C. The audience hope to experience things happening to the characters.‎ D. The audience can understand the characters feelings and experiences.‎ ‎49. Which words can best describe Mr. Shan?‎ A. flexible and devoted B. adaptable and generous.‎ C. grateful and open-minded D. sympathetic and strong-willed.‎ ‎50. What's the authors' purpose of writing the text?‎ A. To promote the Chinese folk art— pingshu.‎ B. To stress the achievement of Shan Tianfang.‎ C. To give a brief introduction of Shan Tianfang.‎ D. To show ShanTianfang's effort to develop pingshu.‎ ‎【答案】45. B 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇人物传记。短文介绍了单田芳---将中国古老传统推向现代的评书大师。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第二段“Growing up in the1950s in a family of folk art performers, he had seen struggle firsthand. It was a life of constant financial troubles and low social status”他在20世纪50年代中国的一个民间艺人家庭长大，亲眼目睹了这一行的艰难。那是一种持续处于经济困境、社会地位低下的生活。所以20世纪50年代，中国民间艺术表演者，社会地位低下，被公众看不起。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。由第三段“In the pingshu tradition, the performer wears a traditional gown and sits behind a desk equipped with a folding fan and a wooden block. The storyteller tells a legend — typically a classical Chinese epic — from memory, using different voices and exaggerated gestures as well as adding occasional background detail and commentary.”可知，在评书传统中，表演者身着传统的长袍，坐在桌子后面。桌上有一把折扇和一个作醒木之用的木块。说书人讲述通常来自中国古典史诗的传奇故事。他们根据记忆来表演，使用不同的声音、夸张的手势，偶尔还加入背景细节和评论。所以第三段主要在讲评书的表演。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第五段“In 1976, many Chinese were hungry for some new forms of entertainment, and it was against this background that he grasped the opportunity to record a pingshu radio broadcast.”在1976年，许多中国人渴望一些新的娱乐形式，正是在这种背景下，他抓住机会录制了平书广播。所以单田芳录制评书广播目的是为了迎合观众的需要。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第九段“Listening to his stories has made it easier to kill time in bad traffic,” Mr. Zhao added. “He was so good at making complicated historical stories simple and interesting. You feel like you could relate to the characters in his stories, even though they lived a long time ago.”可知，北京这破路，堵死，听听书还舒服点，赵先生接着说，“人家能把复杂故事简单化，听着特别带劲儿。虽然他讲的都是古人的事，但是你能感觉到自己和这些人物能产生共鸣。”所以通过赵先生的话可以判断出，人们都很喜欢单田芳所讲的评书，通过他的评书，观众可以理解评书中角色的感受和经历。故第9段加下划线的句子可能暗示出观众可以理解角色的感受和经历。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第五段“Mr. Shan used the studio’s three recording technicians as his audience and adjusted his performance based on their reactions.”以及倒数第二段“Mr. Shan worked tirelessly to promote pingshu among young Chinese, instructing apprentices and starting a school dedicated to the folk ‎ arts.”可知，单田芳用了演播室三名录音师作为观众，根据他们的反应对自己的表演进行调整。所以单田芳迎合观众的需要，录制评书广播，并不断对表演进行调整，可以看出单田芳思维和表演形式的灵活。然而，即使退休后，单田芳仍孜孜不倦地在中国年轻人中推广评书，指导徒弟，创办了一所致力于民间艺术的学校。可以看出单田芳的专注和献身精神。故A选项“灵活而专注”最能形容单田芳。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第一段“Shan Tianfang, died at 83 on Sept. 11,2018 in Beijing because of multiple organ failure. His energetic oral interpretations of classical Chinese novels and historical events pushed the ancient pingshu tradition forward into the modern age for generations of Chinese.”可知，说书人单田芳于2018年9月11日在北京去世，享年83岁。他对中国古典小说和历史事件做出充满激情的演绎，将古老的评书传统推向现代，让几代中国人得以欣赏。所以因为这位老人将古老的评书传统推向现代，将中国传统文化留给了后人欣赏。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是简要介绍一下单田芳，同时纪念这位已故的老人。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。以及作者的多种情感和作者想要表达出什么样的做法。‎ 由第九段“Listening to his stories has made it easier to kill time in bad traffic,” Mr. Zhao added. “He was so good at making complicated historical stories simple and interesting. You feel like you could relate to the characters in his stories, even though they lived a long time ago.””可知，北京这破路，堵死，听听书还舒服点，”赵先生接着说，“人家能把复杂故事简单化，听着特别带劲儿。虽然他讲的都是古人的事，但是你能感觉到自己和这些人物能产生共鸣。”所以通过赵先生的话可以判断出，人们都很喜欢单田芳所讲的评书，通过他的评书，观众可以理解评书中角色的感受和经历。故第9段加下划线的句子可能意味着观众可以理解角色的感受和经历。故小题4的正确选项为D选项。‎ 第Ⅱ卷 （两部分，共 35 分）‎ 第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。‎ An inferiority complex（自卑情结） as the name suggests is a complex in which an individual has strong feelings of inferiority. While we all have weak points, the person with an inferiority complex will focus on these weaknesses and use them to evaluate their overall worth. As a result, they see themselves generally less important or successful than others.‎ In some cases inferiority complex can lead to overcompensation. Here the individual does everything in his power to overcome his inferiority and this can mean that they end up in highly successful jobs, gaining great wealth and succeeding in powerful relationships. However while such a person might be a high achiever, a sense of inferiority will mean that they will always be less happy than they could be and it may have other negative impacts on their life.‎ Another possible outcome of an inferiority complex is that the individual ends up backing down from difficult situations and acting without any sense of worth or entitlemen（t 权利）. Here the person’s low self belief changes the way he behaves, and that in turn changes the way he is treated by others which in turn results in him actually becoming inferior in some ways.‎ There are many factors that may lead to inferiority, but they tend to be the result of conditioned beliefs that come from continuous failure or criticism. Often parental attitudes can result in an inferiority complex if the child did not receive the right encouragement or unconditional love when growing up. In some cases an inferiority complex could also arise as a result of some kind of defect（缺陷） either physical or mental.‎ If you are suffering from an inferiority complex, it's time that you did something about it.‎ One of the very best ways to improve your self esteem is to find a loving partner. This is a great way to make you more confident as he or she will love you for who you are and always be there to support you and increase your confidence. Another is to take up a hobby. Find one thing that you are good at and then get your confidence from that. For instance, you might choose to take up a sport or woodwork, and then you can practice getting better at that and gain more confidence. Moreover, you can ‎ turn to self-help book. If you find the right books and follow the advice carefully, then it is possible to transform the way you view yourself and the way you present yourself.‎ Concept of an inferiority complex An inferiority complex refers to a ___51___of self-worth and a mental state where people think they are not as good as others.‎ Outcomes of an inferiority complex ‎● People with an inferiority complex may misjudge their value and consider other people___52___ to themselves.‎ ‎● People with an inferiority complex are likely to spare no___53___ to fight inferiority and becomes a higher achiever finally, but they may still feel less happy.‎ ‎● An inferiority complex can lead people to___54___from difficult situations and act improperly.‎ ‎___55___of an inferiority complex ‎● People who often lose out or are blamed continuously are more ___56___to suffer from an inferiority complex.‎ ‎● Children having no ___57___to unconditional parental love and proper encouragement tend to have an inferiority complex.‎ ‎● Physical or mental disabilities can increase the chances of an inferiority complex.‎ Suggestions on overcoming an inferiority complex ‎● Find a loving partner who will always love you and be around to ‎___58___you, which helps you be more confident.‎ ‎● Choose something you are ___59___in and practise it for better thus getting your confidence developed and increased.‎ ‎● Find the most suitable self-help books and do as they advise, and you can change ___60___you view and represent yourself.‎ ‎【答案】51. lack/shortage ‎ ‎52. superior ‎ ‎53. effort(s) ‎ ‎54. hide/withdraw/shrink ‎ ‎55. Causes 56. likely ‎ ‎57. access 58. support ‎ ‎59. interested/expert ‎ ‎60. how ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了自卑情结的定义和导致的结果，原因以及克服自卑情结的几点建议。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由第一段“An inferiority complex（自卑情结） as the name suggests is a complex in which an individual has strong feelings of inferiority”可知，自卑情结顾名思义是一种个人有强烈自卑感的情结。所以自卑情结指的是缺乏自我价值感。所以空处填 lack/shortage“缺少” a lack/shortage of “缺少”。故填 lack/shortage 。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由第一段“As a result, they see themselves generally less important or successful than others.”可知因此，他们通常认为，自己没有其他人重要或成功。自卑的人可能会错误地判断自己的价值，认为别人比自己有优越。所以空处填superior“较好的”，superior to sb/sth“超过某人/某物；胜过某人/某物”。故填superior。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由第二段“Here the individual does everything in his power to overcome his inferiority and this can mean that they end up in highly successful jobs, gaining great wealth and succeeding in powerful relationships”可知，有自卑情结的人会尽其所能克服自卑，这可能意味着他们最终会获得非常成功的工作，获得巨大的财富，并在强大的人际关系中获得成功。有自卑情结的人可能会不遗余力地克服自卑。所以空处填efforts“努力”。spare no efforts to do sth“不遗余力做某事”。故填effort(s) 。‎ ‎54题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由第三段“Another possible outcome of an inferiority complex is that the individual ends up backing down from difficult situations .”可知，自卑情结的另一个可能结果是，个人最终从困境中退缩。所以自卑情结会导致人们从困境中退缩，行为不当。所以空处填hide/withdraw/shrink “退缩”。hide/withdraw/shrink from “退出”。故填 hide/withdraw/shrink 。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由第四段“There are many factors that may lead to inferiority,”可知，有许多因素可能导致自卑。所以本段在说导致自卑的原因。所以空处填cause“原因”，cause of“的原因”。故填 Causes。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由第四段“but they tend to be the result of conditioned beliefs that come from continuous failure or criticism”可知，但是，但它们往往是来自持续失败或批评的结果。所以经常失败或不断受到责备的人更容易患自卑情结。所以空处填likely“可能的”，be likely to do sth “可能做某事”。故填 likely 。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由第四段“Often parental attitudes can result in an inferiority complex if the child did not receive the right encouragement or unconditional love when growing up.”可知，如果孩子在成长过程中没有得到正确的鼓励或无条件的爱，父母的态度往往会导致孩子自卑。所以无法获得无条件父母关爱和适当鼓励的孩子往往有自卑情结。所以空处填access“接近；进入”，have no access to sth“有机会获得”。故填access 。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由最后段“This is a great way to make you more confident as he or she will love you for who you are and always be there to support you and increase your confidence”可知，这是一个让你更自信的好方法，因为他或她会爱你，永远支持你，增加你的自信。所以找一个爱你，支持你的的伴侣，这有助于你更加自信。所以空处填support“支持”，support sb “支持某人”。故填support。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由最后段“Find one thing that you are good at and then get your confidence from ‎ that.”可知，找到一件你擅长的事情，然后从中获得自信。所以选择你感兴趣的事情，好好地去做它，这样你的自信心就会得到发展和增强。所以空处填interested/expert “感兴趣的/专业的”，be expert in“擅长” 故填interested/expert。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查提取信息的能力。由最后段“If you find the right books and follow the advice carefully, then it is possible to transform the way you view yourself and the way you present yourself.”可知，如果你找到了合适的书，并认真地遵循这些建议，那么你就有可能改变你看待自己的方式和表现自己的方式。所以找到最合适的书籍，按照它们的建议去做，你就可以改变你看待和表现自己的方式。故空处填表示“方式”的连接副词how“怎样”。故填how。‎ 第五部分书面表达（满分 25 分）‎ ‎61.请认真阅读下列材料，并按要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1. 用约 30 个单词概括所给材料的主要内容。‎ ‎2. 用约 120 个单词发表你对―上网搜索答案‖这种现象的看法，‎ 内容包括：‎ ‎（1） 在作业中遇到困难时是否要上网搜索答案? 请陈述你的观点。‎ ‎（2） 请用 2 到 3 个理由支持你的观点。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句。‎ ‎2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎3. 不必写标题。‎ ‎【评分标准】‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】 As the above diaries show, nowadays, when meeting difficulties with their homework, some students turn to the Internet for answers while others try to solve them by themselves.‎ From my point of view, we students should not copy answers directly on the Internet when doing homework. On the one hand, since we always settle the troubles by searching for solutions online, we tend to become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers independently, which would hold back the development of creative thinking. Besides, if we depend heavily on the Internet for answers, we may lose not only the ability to solve problems but also the interest in study. On the other hand, the answers online may be inaccurate or wrong. If we use them without thinking, we may make serious mistakes. ‎ Thus, when we come across some difficulties, we'd better try our best to find possible solutions by ourselves.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。对学生在家庭作业中遇到困难时，上网搜索答案这种现象发表自己的看法。‎ ‎【详解】第一题 第一步：阅读 ‎1．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。‎ ‎2．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。‎ ‎3．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。‎ 第二步：写作步骤 浏览课文，找出主题：短文介绍了智能手机严重影响了人们的生活。‎ ‎2.分析文章的结构，把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要分为两部分。第一部分：some students turn to the Internet for answers。第二部分：others try to solve them by themselves。按照逻辑顺序组织将主要和相关的支持点用最短的连接词进行连接。如：when ,while。‎ 第三步：修改成文 草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。‎ 首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。‎ 其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。‎ 最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。‎ 第二题 第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，正如上面的日记所显示的，如今，当学生在家庭作业中遇到困难时，有些寻求答案，而另一些学生则试图自己解决问题；不同意上网抄袭答案，并阐述自己的理由；总结自己的观点。第二，人称为第一人称和第三人称。第三，时态为一般现在时。‎ 第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，正如上面的日记所显示的，如今，当学生在家庭作业中遇到困难时，有些寻求答案，而另一些学生则试图自己解决问题。第二段，不同意上网抄袭答案，并阐述自己的理由。第三段，总结自己的观点。‎ 第三步：确定关键词汇和短语:lazy, meet difficulties with their homework, turn to the Internet for answers, solve them by themselves, from my point of view, copy, settle ‎ the troubles, search for solutions online, bother to think up answers independently, hold back the development of creative thinking, depend heavily on, lose not only the ability to solve problems but also the interest in study, inaccurate or wrong, make serious mistakes, come across。‎ 第四步：确定较为高级的句子:when引导的时间状语从句we students should not copy answers directly on the Internet when doing homework. since引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句On the one hand, since we always settle the troubles by searching for solutions online, we tend to become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers independently, which would hold back the development of creative thinking。If引导的条件状语从句if we depend heavily on the Internet for answers, we may lose not only the ability to solve problems but also the interest in study。‎ 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:On the one hand，Besides，On the other hand, Thus。‎ 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。‎ ‎【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:如when引导的时间状语从句we students should not copy answers directly on the Internet when doing homework. since引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句On the one hand, since we always settle the troubles by searching for solutions online, we tend to become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers independently, which would hold back the development of creative thinking。If引导的条件状语从句if we depend heavily on the Internet for answers, we may lose not only the ability to solve problems but also the interest in study。‎ 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎