2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：介词（短语）和动词（短语）

2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：介词（短语）和动词（短语）

www.ks5u.com ‎(一)介词(短语)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. ‎ 解析：考查介词。 此处表示追踪北极熊数量的现代方法，表示“……的”，故答案为of；也可理解为目的，故答案也可为for。‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact. ‎ 解析：考查介词。a pack of为固定搭配，表示“一包……；一群……”，故填of。‎ ‎3．(2019·北京卷)First celebrated in 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区)．‎ 解析：考查介词。表示“在哪一年”用介词in，故填in。‎ ‎4．(2018·浙江卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.‎ 解析：此处for...与前面的go to...搭配，表示目的。‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式”。as意为“作为”。‎ ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.‎ 解析：名词degree意为“学位”，后面应该跟介词in，表示“在……方面”。a degree in engineering or architecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。‎ ‎7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.‎ 解析：to and from往返，来回，来来往往。to and from work上下班。‎ ‎8．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat with their hands.‎ 解析：with one's hands “用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.在high前加in/at 解析：表示“在高中”须用介词in或at。‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe to have a special themes such as like “Tang Dynasty”．去掉such_as后的like 解析：such as与like都有“像”的含义，表示举例说明，它们不能连在一起用，故去掉like。‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.去掉for 解析：此处的every two years是名词性短语，意为“每两年”，在句中作状语，其前不用介词。‎ ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.for→with 解析：play the games with sb.为习惯性用法，意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江卷)While they chatted，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.in→on 解析：on the top of为固定搭配，意为“在……的上面/顶端”。故应把in改为on。‎ 常用介词如in, on, for, with, against, of, beyond, out of, across等含义较多，应全面把握。‎ ‎1．against有“违背，违逆；反对；对……不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。‎ Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.‎ 假期能帮助我们在工作中表现得更好，提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。‎ ‎2．beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。‎ 常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one's reach/one's control“无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不能相信、够不着、管不了”。‎ ‎“I came to thank you，” she said, surprising me beyond speech.‎ ‎“我是来感谢你的。”她说。(听到这)让我惊讶地说不出话来。‎ ‎3．by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“乘；按；以……计；依据”讲。‎ As far as I know, workers are generally paid by the month.‎ 据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。‎ ‎4．for有“就……而言；从……来看；达，计；为……”之意。‎ The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.‎ 我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。‎ She was really small for her age of 12.‎ 就她12岁的年龄来说，她的身材真很小。‎ ‎5．off有“在离……不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。‎ The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.‎ 威尔饭店坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。‎ ‎6．across有“横跨”之意。‎ It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet.‎ 它可以在水面上跑数米的距离，通过用脚快速拍打水面避免弄湿全身。‎ ‎7．on/upon有“刚……就；一……就”之意，后接名词或动词ing形式。‎ Upon graduation, Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.‎ 夏洛特一毕业就回到了蒙特利尔，开了一个私人诊所。‎ ‎8．over可表示时间，意为“在……期间；直到……结束”。‎ Talks with the teachers' union over the weekend have averted a strike.‎ 周末与教师工会举行的谈判避免了一场罢工。‎ Over coffee, she lit a cigarette, her eyes daring him to comment.‎ 喝咖啡时，她点燃了一支烟，用挑衅的眼神看着他，谅他也不敢吭声。‎ ‎9．within可表示范围、程度，意为“在……之内”。‎ The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.‎ 政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。‎ ‎10．of表示“在……范围内”。‎ The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.‎ 停火决议要求释放所有战俘。‎ ‎1．与介词in搭配的常用短语 in a way在某种程度上　　in no way没门 in the way挡住道路 in vain徒劳 in general通常，大体上 in detail详细地 in turn轮流 in return作为回报 in need需要 in time迟早 ‎2．与out of搭配的常用短语 out of date/time过时/过期 out of question毫无疑问 out of the question没门/绝不可能 out of shape变形 out of fashion不流行 out of order出了故障 out of reach遥不可及 ‎3．“in＋名词＋of”常用搭配 in honor of为纪念…… in charge of负责，掌管 in terms of依据，根据 in praise of赞扬 in favor of支持，赞同 in need of需要 ‎4．与介词at搭配的常用短语 at no time决不 at a time一次/每次 at one time一度/曾经 at times不时地/有时 at one's request应某人的要求 at a loss不知所措 at the same time同时 ‎5．其他常考短语 next to紧挨着 on behalf of代表 by chance/accident偶然 after all毕竟，别忘了 regardless of不管，不顾 on the whole总的说来 on the contrary相反 ‎(二)动词(短语)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.‎ 解析：search for固定搭配，意为“寻找，搜索”。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s...‎ 解析：go back to为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯到”。‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.‎ 解析：句意：我们中的很多人一天中早晨的注意力要比晚些时候更集中。be focused on“专心于，集中于”，为固定短语。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools.去掉for 解析：buy用于buy sth.，buy sth. for sb.或buy sb. sth.中。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I have grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.去掉realize后的of 解析：realize是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语从句“how fast time flies”。‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.dreams后加of 解析：固定短语dream of doing sth.意为“梦想做某事”。‎ ‎1．agree短语 agree with同意某人的意见，适合；agree on对……取得一致意见； agree to同意； agree about对……有相同的看法 ‎2．bring短语 bring up提出，教育，呕吐；bring down降低，打倒；bring out带来，促使，引起 ‎3．break短语 break up打碎，结束，解散；break ‎ down分解，发生故障，失败，毁掉，制服；break out(战争、火灾等)爆发 ‎4．come短语 come up with提出，想出； come across偶遇；come back回来，恢复，想起来；come over过来，顺便来访；come from来自；come about发生； come into进入，得到，继承；come out with说出，发表，出版 ‎5．call短语 call out召唤，出动，大声叫唤； call on拜访，号召； call for要求，需要；call off取消 ‎6．carry短语 carry out实施，执行； carry on继续；carry away拿走，使入迷；carry off赢得，成功地应付 ‎7．do短语 do away with废除； do without没有……也行；do with处理，处置，对付 ‎8．drop短语 drop out辍学，掉队；drop by顺便来访；drop in (on/at)顺便拜访(某人/某地)‎ ‎9．get短语 get over克服；get away with侥幸成功，侥幸逃脱； get through接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)；get across理解，度过；get rid of除掉，去掉；get along with与……相处，……进展；get down to开始(做)某事；get along进展；get on上车，进展，相处融洽；get to 到达；get in收割；get away移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离；get off动身，从……下来，脱下；get back回来，恢复，取回；get into 进入；get down下来，降下 ‎10．give短语 give away赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发；give up放弃，辞去；give off释放，发出，放出(烟、光、热等)；give out用完，耗尽，分发，发放 ‎11．go短语 go by走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去；go away走开，离去；go out熄灭，出去；go over复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅；go on发生，进行，继续；go up上升，上涨，增长，炸毁；go after追求 ‎12．hold短语 hold up举起，阻止，延误；hold on等一等，不要挂断电话；hold off 拖延，不接近；hold out伸出，坚持下去，维持；hold back退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住 ‎13．keep短语 keep back后退，阻止，抑制，扣留(钱)；keep down控制；keep off不靠近，使离开；keep out不得入内；keep up保持，坚持，使(情绪等)不低落；keep up with跟上，赶上；keep away防范，不接近；keep with陪伴；keep an eye on照看，留意，密切注意 ‎14．leave短语 leave out省去，遗漏，忽视，不考虑；leave off停止；leave behind遗留，忘记带走；leave alone不管，不理会；leave for到……地方去，去某地 ‎15．look短语 look for寻找；look up仰望，查阅；look at看；look into调查；look up to尊重；look down upon轻视，看不起；look forward to期盼；look out当心，小心；look after照顾；look upon看待，把……看作；look down俯视，往下看；look through浏览；look over检查，查看 ‎16．make短语 make out分辨出，勉强认出，理解；make up化妆，打扮，和解，配置，编造，虚构，构成，组成；make sense有意义，有道理，讲得通；make the best/most of充分利用 ‎17．put短语 put off推迟； put down镇压，记下；put on穿上，上演；put up挂起，张贴，举起，建立；put away储存；put up with忍受；put ‎ together放在一起，组合 ‎18．run短语 run out耗尽；run out of用完，用光；run after追逐；run across偶然遇到；run for竞选；run over碾过；run into偶然遇到，与……相撞 ‎19．set短语 set about (doing) sth.着手，开始做某事；set aside留出；set down放下，记下；set off出发，启程，引起爆炸，激起；set out to do sth.开始做某事，着手做某事；set up建立，开办，竖起，支起 ‎20．take短语 take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉，成名； take out拿出，取出；take away拿走；take in吸收，接纳，理解，欺骗；take down取下来，拆毁，拆卸；take up从事，开始，占去(时间、空间、地位等)；take after与某人相像；take on呈现，雇佣，承担 ‎21．turn短语 turn over移交；turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn down关小，拒绝；turn out结果是，生产；turn to转向，向……求助；turn in上交；turn around转身，转过来 come straight to the point谈正题，开门见山 come to an end结束 declare war on宣战 make one's fortune发财 keep in touch with与……保持联系 look forward to期盼 rise to one's feet站起来 take possession of占有，拥有 cause damage to 对……造成损害 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有……意识 have a feeling of有……感觉 have access to可以获得 hold one's breath屏住呼吸 take a deep breath深呼吸 take advantage of利用，趁……之机 make fun of取笑，嘲弄 get in/lose touch with与……取得/失去联系 get relief得到缓解 give sb. support给某人支持 put...into practice将……付诸行动 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．White fat stores extra energy, which results in weight gain.‎ ‎2．She said her name was Miss Bai and she kindly offered to show me around the city.‎ ‎3．One is that you will keep a healthy weight and is also the easiest and most beneficial way in which you can be energetic and protect yourself from/against a number of diseases when growing old.‎ ‎4．On the morning of my mother's birthday, I usually help my mother do some housework.‎ ‎5．Candles and cards were two things that made a thunderstorm into the perfect storm. ‎ ‎6．Everyone has his own attitude to/towards getting old.‎ ‎7．What I'll do is fill in/out a form and make sure you fully understand what to expect.‎ ‎8．I fixed all my attention on the effects of my own darkness.‎ ‎9．Everyone has his own way of saying things and his own special expressions. Many everyday American expressions are based on colors.‎ ‎10．The firm has been taken over by an American company.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．We left Shanghai to Hong Kong, where we changed to another plane to Melbourne, the second largest city in Australia.第一个to→for ‎2．Besides, we also welcome different types of dictionaries, novels, magazines and newspapers, so that we can have a wide range of reading to choose.choose后加from ‎3．Now I am getting well with my friends.getting后加on/along ‎4．However, others have different opinions, thinking that cars give up waste gas and pollute the environment around.up→off ‎5．I think high school students are no longer children. So they should learn to live by their own and get well prepared for their future life.by→on ‎6．Here the Student Union calls for everyone to do something for them.for→on ‎7．The elder boy, who was about seven years old, pointed his younger sister and said, “She does, but I don't.”pointed后加at ‎8．Finally he got away and went into the kitchen.away改为up ‎9．So I have to ask you a threeday leave.you后加for ‎10．I knocked the door and was delighted when a pleasant old man opened the door and listened to my story carefully.knock后加on/at Ⅲ.用适当的介词填空 My husband and I paid a visit __1__ my parents in Tucson. We went to a fastfood restaurant __2__ dinner together. My husband went to the counter to order dishes and I stood with my parents.‎ My dad is 90 years old. He can hardly see very well and walks __3__ a stick. I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was more convenient than others. A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact __4__ me and asked me to come to her. With a puzzling look __5__ my face, I pointed __6__ myself and said, “Me？” She nodded and said, “Yes, you.” I walked to the table and she said, “Bring ‎ your family here. I can finish eating at the counter. My son is __7__ a hurry to leave anyway.” My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped __8__ the table and guided my dad to the seat.‎ I always believe that there are naturally kind people __9__ this world. This woman has set a good example __10__ her son, who is a really lucky guy.‎ ‎1．to　2.for　3.with　4.with　5.on ‎6．to　7.in　8.down　9.in　10.to Ⅳ.语法填空 Rajesh Naik __1__ (transform) 120 acres of waste land into an organic farm，providing an __2__ (inspire) example of the efforts to create a large lake.‎ ‎“I come from a family of agriculturalists and this land is my ancestral land, __3__ hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water.People thought it was impossible to farm this land and __4__ I was throwing away my career.However，I was determined to work on developing the water resources in the area，” says Rajesh.‎ It took a lot of financial resources and time __5__ (create) the lake，which is enough to irrigate (灌溉) the whole farm.This has not only encouraged plant __6__ (grow) in the area，but also helped in increasing the water table (地下水位) in the surrounding areas__7__ the farm.Besides growing fruit and vegetables，Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has __8__ (many) than 200 cows.‎ ‎“If this model __9__ (carry) out in every part of the country，the whole country will be able to solve its water problems and have agriculture __10__ (total) based on organic farming.What is important is the will of the people and the support from the government，” says Rajesh.‎ Rajesh Naik放弃了自己的事业，投入了很多时间和金钱挖了一个湖，满足了灌溉需要，把120英亩的荒地变成了有机农场。‎ ‎1．has_transformed　‎ 解析：‎ 考查动词的时态。transform动作在过去，并对现在造成了结果，因此应用现在完成时。‎ ‎2．inspiring　‎ 解析：考查词性转换。此处作定语，修饰example，故应填inspiring。‎ ‎3．whose/where　‎ 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为land，关系词在定语从句中作定语或地点状语，因此应填whose或where。‎ ‎4．that　‎ 解析：考查名词性从句。此处为两个并列的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句句子结构完整，故填that。 ‎ ‎5．to_create　‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。it takes sth. to do sth.花费(时间)做某事。‎ ‎6．growth　‎ 解析：考查词性转换。此处作encouraged的宾语，故应使用名词形式。‎ ‎7．of　‎ 解析：考查介词。the surrounding areas与the farm存在所属关系，故应用介词of。‎ ‎8．more　‎ 解析：考查固定短语。more than超过。‎ ‎9．is_carried　‎ 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句使用一般将来时可知if引导的条件状语从句应使用一般现在时，this model是carry out的承受者，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎10．totally　‎ 解析：考查词性转换。修饰过去分词based应用副词形式。‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 Being a teacher is always believed to be one of greatest occupations，because teachers make great contributions for the world.Last week，I got a ‎ chance to experience teaching students.Our school asked us to teach some kids live in the countryside.The kids was so happy that they gave me a warm welcome.I teach them English and after class，we played games happily.We had a lot of funs together.When I returned back to school，I missed the students so much.They like me but some of them have kept in touch with me ever since.I felt so proudly of being a teacher.‎ 答案