专题04+特殊句型的秘密-2019年高考英语十大高频考点详解

专题04+特殊句型的秘密-2019年高考英语十大高频考点详解

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【重点考向】‎ 主谓一致 ‎ 祈使句 ‎ 省略句 ‎ 强调句 ‎ 倒装句 ‎ 反义疑问句 ‎【考点精析】‎ 一、主谓一致 主谓一致是英语造句的基本规则，即：‎ 当主语是单数时，谓语动词也要用单数；‎ 当主语是复数时，谓语动词也要用复数。‎ 秒杀主谓一致的关键在于识别谁是主语！‎ ‎【考点实例】‎ ‎1.[2013福建]The famous musician, (as well as his students), was invited (invite) (to perform) (at the opening ceremony) (of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo). ‎ 要填出某单词的具体形式，就必须看出该单词的具体意思 谓语动词：‎ 时态；被动；虚拟；情态；主谓一致 被动、主语是单数 ‎2.[2013江苏] Generally, students’ inner motivation (with high expectations) (from others) is (be) essential (to their development). ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.[2013湖南]The university estimates (that living expenses) (for international students)are(be) around $‎8,450 a year, which is(be) a burden (for some of them). ‎ 集合名词 My family is a big one.(强调集合整体)‎ My family are watching TV.(强调所有元素)‎ Our team is strong. (集合整体)‎ Our team are doing exercises. (所有元素)‎ ‎ ‎ 二、祈使句 ‎（1）祈使句的形式是：“动词原形”开头的句子。‎ 祈使句的意思是：祈求、使唤某人做某事。‎ ‎【考点实例】‎ Go!‎ Come!‎ ‎1.[2012·北京卷] ________(at the door) (before you enter my room), please.‎ A．Knock B．Knocking C．Knocked D．To knock ‎ ‎ ‎2. [2014·全国大纲卷] ‎ ‎________ me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.‎ A. Calling B. Call ‎ C. To call D. Having called ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】祈使句，动词开头用原形。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2）【两大威逼利诱句型】‎ 祈使句+and+sb will do. 利诱句型（那么）‎ 祈使句+or+sb will do.威逼句型（否则）‎ ‎1. [2014·湖南卷] _______ (what you're doing today) important, (because you're trading a day of your life for it).‎ A. Make B. To make ‎ C. Making D. Made ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】祈使句，动词开头用原形。句型：A make B C. A把B变成C.‎ ‎2.[2013湖南](Every day) a proverb aloud several times (until you have it memorized). ‎ A. read B. reading ‎ C. to read D. reads ‎ ‎ ‎3.[2014·天津卷] Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.‎ A. if B. or C. and D. while ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】祈使句，动词开头用原形。‎ ‎4.[2012·重庆卷] (Before you quit your job), ________ (how your family would feel) (about your decision).‎ A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】祈使句，动词开头用原形。‎ ‎ ‎ 三、省略句 英语语法有一个基本原则，叫做“最简原则”：只要能用简单的方式把意思完全表达清楚，就不用复杂的方式。在这一原则指导下，英语中出现了很多省略句形式，省略句的主要目的是避免重复。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)并列中的省略 I like English and read English novels every day.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2)口语中的省略 Thank you. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(3)状语从句中的省略 When learning English, I learned 100 English words by heart every day.‎ When young, I listened to the radio.‎ If cold today, you should wear a coat.‎ ‎ ‎ 如果状从的主语跟主句主语相同，或状从的主语是it，且状从中用到be动词时，可同时省略状从的主语和这个be。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1.[2013浙江]There are some health problems that, when (treat)in time, can become bigger ones later on. ‎ ‎【答案】not treated。‎ ‎【解析】状语从句简化成非谓语done表示被动和完成。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(4)动词不定式省略为一个光杆to 如过动词不定式to后的部分在前面出现过，则省略成一个光杆to I should help you but I don’t want to.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.[2013课标Ⅰ]The driver wanted to park his car (near the roadside) but was asked (by the police) . ‎ A. not to do B. not to ‎ C. not do D. do not ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(5)if的省略结构 if so 如果是这样的话 if ever如果曾经有过的话 if never 如果从没发生过的话 if OK 如果可以的话….‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．[2014·福建卷] The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________， reaching ‎30℃‎ (in summer).‎ A．if not B．if ever ‎ C．if any D．if so ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 四、强调句 ‎(1)强调谓语动词 I love you. à I do love you.‎ He loves you. à He does love you.‎ I loved you. à I did love you.‎ I want to help you. ‎ à I really want to help you.‎ à I do want to help you.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2)强调其他成分 ‎【句型含义】‎ 正是…/就是…‎ It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who +句子剩余部分.‎ It is Tom that/who loves Jerry.‎ It is every day that I read English.‎ It is English that I read every day.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【实战过关】‎ ‎1．[2014·福建卷] It was the culture, (rather than the language), ________made it hard (for him) (to adapt) (to the new environment) abroad.‎ A．where B．why ‎ C．that D．what ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。‎ ‎2. [2014·湖南卷] It's not doing the things (we like), but liking the things (we have to do) ________ makes life happy.‎ A. that B. which C. what D. who ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎3.[2013课标Ⅱ]It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task (before him) was extremely difficult (to complete). ‎ A. when B. that ‎ C. which D. what ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。‎ ‎4.[2012·重庆卷] It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _______ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.‎ A. when B. that ‎ C. after D. since ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。‎ ‎5.[2013重庆] It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was rescued. ‎ A. who B. that C. when D. how ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎6.[2013天津]It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan. ‎ A. that B. where ‎ C. why D. when ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】It was not until + 时间/从句 + that+句子：表示直到什么才。。。‎ ‎7.[2012·湖南卷] It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous （for not only its beauty but also its weather）.‎ A. who B. that ‎ C. where D. before ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】It was not until + 时间/从句 + that+句子：表示直到什么才。。。‎ ‎8．[2014·四川卷] Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry?‎ A．why B．who C．where D．that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。‎ ‎9.[2012·上海卷]‎ ‎—Was it by cutting down staff________ she saved the firm?‎ ‎—No, it was by improving work efficiency.‎ A. when B. what ‎ C. how D. that ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【考点总结】‎ ‎1.强调句解题关键：“正是”‎ ‎2.看准意思后，完成“形式的构造”，去除形式后句子仍然完整。‎ ‎3.强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。‎ ‎4.在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。It is I who am a teacher.‎ ‎ ‎ 五、倒装句 一、全倒装 谓语+主语（名词） ‎ Here comes the bus.‎ Out rushed the children.‎ There goes the bell.铃响了。 副词在句首做状语 On the grass lies a boy. 地点介词短语在句首做状语 注意代词：Here you are. Up she comes.她走上来了 二、半倒装 助动词+主语+谓语剩余部分 ‎1、Never have I seen him before.‎ ‎2、Only then can you see me again.‎ ‎（1）否定词置于句首时的半倒装 ‎ ‎ ‎【实战过关】‎ ‎1. [2012·江西卷] Never before ________ seen anybody (who can play tennis as well as Robert).‎ A. had she B. she had ‎ C. has she D. she has ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】否定意义，部分倒装。‎ ‎2. [2014·全国大纲卷] ‎ ‎________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.‎ A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎3. [2014·陕西卷] No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.‎ A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had ‎ C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 一 。。。 就 。。。‎ No sooner had sb done sth1 than he did sth2.‎ Hardly had sb done sht1 when he did sth2.‎ ‎4.[2013辽宁]At no time the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. ‎ A. they actually broke ‎ B. do they actually break C. did they actually break ‎ D. they had actually broken ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】At no time…绝不，放在句首时，句子应选用部分倒装结构 By no means…无论从各种方式解释.都不 On no account…不论出于什么原因.都不 ‎5.[2013江苏]“Never for a second, ”the boy says,“ that my father would come to my rescue.” ‎ A.I doubted ‎ B. do I doubt ‎ C.I have doubted ‎ D. did I doubt ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】男孩从不怀疑我父亲会来救我。。。‎ ‎6.[2013湖南]Not once to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. ‎ A. occurred it B. it did occur ‎ C. it occurred D. did it occur ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】迈克从未想过他能成为尖子生。。。‎ ‎7.[2012·辽宁卷] Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________ having a holiday abroad.‎ A．he had considered B．had he considered C．he considered D．did he consider ‎ ‎ ‎8.[2013福建]Not until he went through real hardship the love (we have for our families) is important. ‎ A. had he realized B. did he realize ‎ C. he realized D. he had realized ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】not until结构位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装语序 ‎ ‎ ‎【考点总结】‎ ‎“也倒，的确不倒”‎ Tom is an English teacher, so am I. 推及他人他事 Tom is an English teacher, so he is. 重复肯定同一 nor/neither am I. 我也不是 nor/neither I am. 我的确不是 ‎（2）“Only+状语”结构置于句首的半倒装 ‎ ‎ ‎【实战过关】‎ ‎1.[2014·湖南卷] Only (when you can find peace in your heart) ________ good relationships (with others).‎ A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】Only+状语从句+主句部分倒装。‎ ‎2.[2012·天津卷] Only (after Mary read her composition the second time) ________ the spelling mistake.‎ A．did she notice B．she noticed ‎ C．does she notice D．she has noticed ‎ ‎ ‎3.[2013江西]Only (when he apologizes for his rudeness) to him again. ‎ A.I will speak B. will I speak ‎ C. do I speak D. I speak ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】Only+状语从句+主句部分倒装 ‎4.[2013课标Ⅱ] Only (by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent)  properly in this hospital. ‎ A. can be the patients treated ‎ B. can the patients be treated C. the patients can be treated ‎ D. treated can be the patients ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】Only+状语从句+主句部分倒装 ‎5.[2012·上海卷] Only (with the greatest of luck) ________ to escape from the rising flood waters.‎ A. managed she B. she managed ‎ C. did she manage D. she did manage ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎6.[2012·江苏卷] There is little doubt (in your mind) (that he is innocent), ________？‎ A. is there B. isn' t there ‎ C. is he D. isn' t he ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】little表示否定：很少几乎没有 ‎7. [2014·重庆卷] ‎ ‎—I spent two weeks (in London) (last summer).‎ ‎—Then you must have visited the British‎ ‎Museum during your stay, ________ you?‎ A. mustn't B. haven't C. didn't D. hadn't ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】must have done: 对过去的推测“肯定参观了…吧”‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎