2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评：二十Module2TrafficJam外研版必修4

2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评：二十Module2TrafficJam外研版必修4

核心素养测评二十 Module 2 Traffic Jam Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A Getting around in the United States is sometimes not very easy. Most people own their own cars, but not everyone can foot the bill for the car, plus the insurance, gas, and maintenance. Most big cities have buses, but they are much slower than a car. Several cities in the U. S. have subway systems, but many do not. There are even fewer trains that transport daily commuters(通勤者). In cities such as Los Angeles, public transportation is much more limited than in other countries. ‎ If you take some form of public transportation, you need to pay a certain fare. In most big cities the fare is anywhere from 1 to 2 dollars. But don’t expect the bus driver to change a bill for you. You usually need exact change if you’re going to ride a bus, train, or subway. Whatever you take, you always have to pay for it! ‎ My friends here in Los Angeles all have different ways of getting to work. One friend, who lives out in the suburb, rides the train every day. He takes the train because it’s easier for him than driving or taking a bus. Another friend I know who works close to where he lives rides a bike every day. Still another friend drives his car. I don’t know anyone who rides the bus, but I’ve taken it once or twice when my car was in the shop. Worse comes to worst, you can always get in a taxi. Taking a taxi is expensive here, so be prepared for a big fare, not including the tip! ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍了游逛美国乘坐的交通工具。‎ ‎1. According to the first paragraph, we can know 　　　.  ‎ A. some Americans can’t afford a car and other expense related to it B. America is a developed country C. the gas in America costs more than that in any other country D. it is always difficult to travel in America ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段的“not everyone can foot the bill for the 9‎ ‎ car, plus the insurance, gas, and maintenance”可知, 不是所有人能买得起汽车, 支付得起汽车的保险、汽油和保养费用。此处foot是动词, 意为“支付费用”。由此可知选A。‎ ‎2. What can we infer about the public transportation in America? ‎ A. It’s free of charge. ‎ B. Passengers have to carry enough change when taking it. ‎ C. It is slow and needs improving. ‎ D. It will disappear in America. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知, 在美国乘坐公共交通, 必须带着正好的零钱, 司机不会给你找零钱。另外, 乘坐任何公共交通工具都应该付钱。故选B。‎ ‎3. Why does a friend of the writer take a train to work every day? ‎ A. He can’t drive a car. ‎ B. There is no bus in his area. ‎ C. It’s convenient for him. ‎ D. He works on the train. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He takes the train because it’s easier for him than driving or taking a bus. ”可知, 他乘火车是因为方便。‎ ‎4. Which of the following will the author agree with? ‎ A. People in Los Angeles are busy all the time. ‎ B. Riding a bus is common in Los Angeles. ‎ C. Taking a taxi is the last thing the author wants to do. ‎ D. Taxi drivers earn a lot every day. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Worse comes to worst, you can always get in a taxi. Taking a taxi is expensive here, so be prepared for a big fare, not including the tip! ”可知, 只有在万不得已的情况下, 你才能乘坐出租车, 因为乘坐出租车太贵。故选C。‎ ‎【知识拓展】背景链接 美国的一些交通工具 ‎1. 美国人去哪儿都是自己开车。‎ ‎2. 打车要给小费, 15%-20%。‎ 9‎ ‎3. 美国人很少坐火车, 美国的火车很慢。除了纽约和华盛顿之间的火车, 其他的基本以货运为主。‎ ‎4. 如果不是很远的地方, 美国人会坐长途汽车。‎ ‎5. 比较远的地方, 还是要坐飞机的, 从美国东海岸到西海岸, 飞机要飞大约6个小时。‎ B Plenty of drivers complain about rush hour traffic, but some have more to complain than others. ‎ Bangkok has the worst evening rush hour traffic in the world for a second consecutive year, according to GPS manufacturer TomTom. ‎ The results were compiled(汇总)after TomTom tracked a years-worth of traffic in 390 cities across 48 countries. ‎ TomTom’s senior traffic expert Nick Cohn said that Thailand and many other big cities at the top of the congestion ranking have become victims of their own success. Growing economies and increasing populations translate into more traffic and commuters.  ‎ ‎“It would be a challenge for any city government to keep things moving, ” he said, noting that as more people have moved to Bangkok’s suburbs, commuter traffic has worsened. ‎ While Mexico City has the second worst evening rush hour traffic in the world, TomTom considers the Mexican capital to be the world’s worst city for full-day traffic congestion. ‎ ‎“It could be middle of the day or late at night, but it’s just really, really congested, ” said Cohn. ‎ ‎“Mexico City has an extensive subway system but it doesn’t extend(延伸) out to where all the population growth is happening, ” he said. “People don’t have a lot of choices for getting to work. ”‎ Moscow, which ranks as the fifth worst city for evening rush hour traffic, was higher up the rankings in past years. But congestion has eased a bit since city officials introduced new parking rules. ‎ 9‎ Cohn said the city now charges for some parking, which “really changed people’s behavior”. ‎ The only American city in the top 15 is Los Angeles. Its traffic congestion has worsened, but it’s been moving down the ranking over the past few years as other global cities experience more acute traffic problems. ‎ ‎【文章大意】交通拥堵是世界性难题, 根据GPS生产商TomTom的调查结果, 列举了几个全球交通拥堵排行榜上靠前的城市。‎ ‎5. The underlined phrase“translate into” is closest to “　　　” in meaning.  ‎ A. understand　 B. find　 C. observe　D. mean ‎【解析】选D。词义猜测题。translate into所在句子的句意: 增长的经济和扩张的人口意味着更多的车辆和通勤者。translate into本意是“翻译, 转化”, 在此处表示“意思是, 意味着”。‎ ‎6. Which city is the most congested city from dawn to dark according to TomTom? ‎ A. Bangkok. B. Mexico City. ‎ C. Moscow. D. Los Angeles. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第六段的内容可知, TomTom认为墨西哥城是全球全天交通拥堵最严重的城市。‎ ‎7. What does Cohn think of the new parking rules Moscow has used? ‎ A. They do work. ‎ B. They need improving. ‎ C. They have a bad effect. ‎ D. They make drivers unhappy. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。在第十段, 科恩说, 该市现在开始针对部分停车行为收费, 这“确实改变了人们的行为”。由此可知科恩认为停车新规对于缓解交通堵塞起作用了。‎ ‎8. What does the author aim to tell us? ‎ A. Traffic congestion will be solved soon. ‎ B. Traffic congestion is a worldwide problem. ‎ C. Traffic congestion in Bangkok. ‎ D. How to run a city’s traffic. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们交通拥堵是世界性难题,‎ 9‎ ‎ 世界各地的许多大城市都遇到这样的问题。故选B。‎ ‎【知识拓展】长难句分析 Its traffic congestion has worsened, but it’s been moving down the ranking over the past few years as other global cities experience more acute traffic problems. ‎ 分析: but连接前后两个句子, but后面的句子as other global cities experience more acute traffic problems是as引导的原因状语从句。‎ 翻译: 它的交通堵塞已经变糟, 但是在过去的几年, 它的排名开始下降, 因为世界上其他的城市遇到更加严重的交通问题。‎ Ⅱ. 阅读填句 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎(2020·青岛模拟)‎ The Millipede (千足虫)‎ Forest life ‎　1　 We enjoy watching television programs about bears, bats or monkeys. We knew a lot about their lives: how they find food or what they do at different times of the year. But what about smaller animals that are more difficult to see or film?  ‎ ‎　2　 A French scientist, Francois-Xavier, Joly, is studying one of them—the millipede.  ‎ The importance of leaves When leaves begin to die in autumn, they turn from green to yellow and fall from the trees. 　3　 Life in the forest needs these nutrients— without them, plants could not grow and so there would be no food for other animals.  ‎ Food on the forest floor Some living things, like mushrooms, break the leaves into smaller pieces and eat them. In a few months there is nothing left of them. But for mushrooms, not all trees are the same. Mushrooms prefer some types of leaves to others. This means that some leaves take much longer to break down than others, sometimes years. So what happens to these? 　4　 ‎ More on the menu 9‎ The millipede also likes leaves and it eats any type. But when it has finished, it produces waste. This waste then becomes the food of mushrooms. When mushrooms eat leaves they choose only certain types—but when they eat waste, they will eat any kind. 　5　 ‎ So next time you are walking through a forest, remember that something may be having a meal right under your feet! ‎ A. This is where the millipede can help. ‎ B. However, not all leaves are equally rich. ‎ C. Millipedes do amazing things in the soil in our forests. ‎ D. Forests are amazing places, and so are the animals that live in them. ‎ E. As they break down on the ground, nutrients are returned to the soil. ‎ F. Many small animals that live in forests are very important for the soil. ‎ G. This is how the millipede turns dead leaves into food for others and helps life continue. ‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了千足虫在森林中对生物的食物分解起着积极的作用, 对土壤非常重要。‎ ‎1. 【解析】选D。段首句。它总结这一段的大意, 或者引出下文。D项表示“森林是神奇的地方, 生活在其中的动物也神奇”, 然后接着说明人们在森林中常见的动物以及对它们的了解。D项在此处是引出下文。‎ ‎2. 【解析】选F。段首句。上一段最后一句问道: 但是对于那些更难看到或拍摄的小动物你又了解多少呢? 所以本题要对这个疑问进行回答, 来说明许多生活在森林里的小动物对土壤非常重要, 故F选项正确。‎ ‎3. 【解析】选E。段中句。空前面一句提到, 当树叶在秋天开始枯死时, 它们从绿色变成黄色, 然后从树上掉下来。E选项表示“当它们在地面上分解时, 营养物质被返回到土壤中”。后面一句提到森林里的生命需要这些营养。E选项起到承上启下的作用。另外, 后面一句中nutrients和E选项中的nutrients也是提示。‎ ‎4. 【解析】选A。段末句。根据空前面的“This means that some leaves take much longer to break down than others, sometimes years. So what happens to these? ”可知, 这意味着一些树叶比其他树叶需要更长的时间来分解, 有时需要几年。那么对于这些树叶会发生什么呢? 所以本题要说这就是千足虫可以帮忙的地方, 以此来说明它的作用。故A选项正确。‎ 9‎ ‎5. 【解析】选G。段末句。空前面提到, 千足虫吃任何一种叶子, 它吃完产生废物, 这些废物就变成了蘑菇的食物。当蘑菇吃叶子时, 它们只选择特定的种类——但当它们吃废物时, 它们会吃任何种类的废物。所以本题要总结性地说明“这就是千足虫如何把枯叶变成其他生物的食物, 从而帮助生命延续”。故G选项正确。‎ Ⅲ. 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; ‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Dear Alice, ‎ I’m glad that you will come to work in our country. There are much means of transport in Beijing you can use to getting around. You can take a taxi, which was available 24 hours a day. It is fast, comfortable and convenience, but it is expensive. If you don’t go in hurry, you can take the underground or a bus, which fares are cheap. The disadvantage is that they are usually crowd, especially during the rush hour. Besides, even if you want to go sightseeing, you can take a double-decker bus. Sit upstairs or you will have a good view of the rapid changing city. ‎ ‎　　I’m looking forward to seeing you soon. ‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua 答案: ‎ 9‎ ‎1. 【解析】第二句much→ many。means在此处是名词, 表示“方式”, 单复数相同, 根据前面的are可知此处表示复数概念, 所以用many。much修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎2. 【解析】第二句getting→ get。此处是use sth. to do sth. 的结构。‎ ‎3. 【解析】第三句was→ is。此处讲述的是北京交通的现状, 所以用一般现在时。‎ ‎4. 【解析】第四句convenience →convenient。此处需要形容词和前面的fast, comfortable并列。‎ ‎5. 【解析】第五句in后面加a。in a hurry表示“匆忙地”, 是固定搭配。‎ ‎6. 【解析】第五句which→ whose。关系代词whose引导定语从句, 修饰the underground 和a bus。whose在定语从句中作定语, 修饰fares。‎ ‎7. 【解析】第六句crowd →crowded。此处需要形容词作表语, 意思是“拥挤的”。‎ ‎8. 【解析】第七句去掉even。even if表示“即使”; if表示“如果”。此处句意: 如果你想观光, 你最好乘坐双层的公交车。‎ 9‎ ‎9. 【解析】第八句or→ and。祈使句+and/or+陈述句, 其中and表示顺承关系, or表示转折关系。此处前后是顺承关系, 所以用and。‎ ‎10. 【解析】第八句rapid →rapidly。副词修饰后面的现在分词changing。‎ 9‎