2018版高考英语（北师大版）大一轮复习教师文档讲义：Book 7 Unit 21Human Biology

2018版高考英语（北师大版）大一轮复习教师文档讲义：Book 7 Unit 21Human Biology

话题词汇 ‎1.invention n.发明 ‎2.progress n.进步 ‎3.digital adj.数字的 ‎4.breakthrough n.突破 ‎5.technical adj.技术的 ‎6.automatic adj.自动的 ‎7.make a study of研究 ‎8.shop online网上购物 ‎9.surf the Internet网上冲浪 ‎10.browse the web page浏览网页 话题佳作 目前，科技的发展如此之快已超出了我们的想象，克隆技术成为世界上最先进的技术之一。针对这一技术，有人支持，有人却反对。根据下面的表格，用英语写一篇100词左右的文章，并阐述自己的态度和看法。‎ 支持 ‎1.制造器官挽救生命(如：治愈癌症)。‎ ‎2.帮助不能生育的人拥有孩子。‎ ‎3.帮助想克隆自己去世的亲人的人。‎ 反对 ‎1.对人的生命不尊重，生命将不再唯一。‎ ‎2.在动物界创造出更多的疾病。‎ ‎3.使地球人口激增。‎ 你的看法 ‎……‎ 佳作欣赏 Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.Cloning is one of the most advanced technologies.Is it good or bad？Different people have different opinions.‎ Some people are in favour of cloning technology.They think the technology is of great benefit.Firstly，it can be used to produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to cure diseases like cancer.Secondly，it can help those who are unable to have a baby but want a baby genetically related to themselves.Besides，it can help those who want to clone their dead relatives.‎ However，a few people object to it.They believe cloning shows no respect for human life，and human life would no longer be unique.More seriously，it would create more diseases in the animal world and cause Earth’s population to increase fast.‎ In my opinion，although the technique is beneficial to mankind in many aspects，cloning human beings will be at the cost of the existence of mankind itself.‎ 名师点睛 本文第一段提出话题，第二段说明克隆的优点，第三段是克隆的缺点，第四段是表述作者自己的观点。中间两段按照要点进行陈述，要点齐全，表达清晰明确。文章灵活运用了高级句式，如：宾语从句、定语从句、让步状语从句以及过去分词短语作定语。同时，文中的一些高级词汇也给短文增加了不少亮点，如：in favour of，object to，show respect for，be beneficial to，at the cost of等。另外，一些过渡词，如firstly，secondly，besides，however等的使用，使行文流畅，衔接自然。‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1.abuse vt.&n.滥用 ‎2.doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的 doubt n.& v.怀疑，不相信 ‎3.seek vt.寻找 ‎4.annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的 ‎5.treat vt.款待 treatment n.治疗；处理；对待 ‎6.postpone vt.推迟，延期 ‎7.trial n.实验 try v.试验；n.尝试 ‎8.prohibit vt.禁止 ‎9.foresee vt.预见 ‎10.underline vt.表明重要性；强调 ‎11.faith n.信心 faithful adj.忠实的，忠诚的 ‎12.weekly adj.每周一次的 week n.周，星期 ‎13.equip vt.使有准备 equipment n.装备；设备 ‎14.fortune n.大笔钱财，巨款 fortunate adj.幸运的 ‎15.concern n.担心；担忧 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎16.digest vt.消化 ‎17.swap vi.交换 ‎18.tolerate vt.容忍 ‎19.fundamental adj.根本的；基础的 fundamentally adv.根本地；基础地 ‎20.compulsory adj.强制性的；义务的 ‎21.controversial adj.有争议的 ‎22.oppose vt.反对 opposite adj.相反的 ‎23.contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾 contradiction n.矛盾的说法；反驳 ‎24.privileged adj.荣幸的 ‎25.cater vi.满足；迎合 ‎26.entry n.进入；入学 ‎27.rebuild vt.重建 ‎28.unite vt.联合；团结；统一 union n.联盟，协会；工会；联合 ‎29.routine n.常规；惯例 ‎30.temporary adj.临时的；短暂的 temporarily adv.临时地，临时 ‎31.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫 ‎32.decline vi.下降 ‎33.deadline n.截止日期，最后日期 ‎34.submit vt.提交 ‎35.sceptical adj.怀疑的 ‎36.absurd adj.荒谬的；不合理的 ‎37.circumstance n.情形；情况 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1.Ebbesmeyer is most famous for phoning about any doubtful(doubt) objects on the sea.‎ ‎(2014·广东)‎ ‎2.The text is mainly about a trial(try) that shocked the whole world.(2014·山东)‎ ‎3.After years of regular treatment(treat)，she finally became healthy.(2016·天津)‎ ‎4.He has already received three similar invitations this week(weekly).(2016·江苏)‎ ‎5.As we walked up to her，my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment(equip).(2014·福建)‎ ‎6.Some experts think reading is the fundamental(fundamentally) skill upon which school education depends.(2015·安徽)‎ ‎7.Only then did I truly begin to appreciate Dad and his faith(faithful) that guided us through the hard times.‎ ‎8.Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune(fortunate) and wealth.(2014·浙江)‎ ‎9.In the United(union) States alone，over 100 million cellphones are thrown away each year.‎ ‎(2015·江苏)‎ ‎10.Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily(temporary) attend a school in Brooklyn.(2016·北京)‎ ‎1.in vain徒然，白费力气 ‎2.at random随便地，随意地；随机地 ‎3.at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何 ‎4.be responsible for对……负责 ‎5.put off推迟 ‎6.get down to开始做 ‎7.straight away立刻，马上 ‎8.bring up提出；教育；抚养；呕吐 ‎9.go through经历；仔细检查 ‎10.wipe out彻底消灭 ‎11.stop sth.in its tracks终止；消灭 ‎12.cater to/for满足；迎合 ‎13.at any rate无论如何；至少 ‎14.rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物；夺去；使丧失 ‎15.in despair绝望 ‎16.focus on聚焦；集中；对准 ‎17.clear up清理；消除；澄清；放晴 ‎18.miss out遗漏，遗忘；错过机会 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ Some schools 1.focus on(聚焦) the number of the students admitted to key universities.In other words，they’re improving the number of entrance 2.at all costs(不管多大代价).In order to 3.cater to(迎合) the request of society，they 4.get down to(开始) adding lessons 5.at random(随意地).As a result，a lot of students think they’re 6.in despair(绝望) and tired of being 7.brought up(教育) at school.Some parents think that the local government should 8.be responsible for(对……负责) it and should 9.stop it in its tracks(终止此事) 10.straight away(立刻).‎ ‎1.catch sb.doing sth.‎ Unfortunately，it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.‎ 不幸的是，要当场查出运动员使用违禁药物并不是很容易。‎ 仿写　在我们的家庭办公室任何人被发现做一些对环境有害的事可能会受到惩罚。‎ In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.‎ ‎2.It is＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do...‎ It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。‎ 仿写　对我们来说难以想象古时候奴隶们的生活。(2014·山东)‎ It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.‎ ‎3.have sth.done In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.‎ 在将来，那些经过基因改变的运动员有可能在8秒内跑完100米或在不到两小时内跑完马拉松。‎ 仿写　我得修修表，它不走了。‎ I’ll have my watch repaired；it doesn’t work.‎ ‎4.情态动词＋have done When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.‎ 那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。‎ 仿写　若非一个电话，我们不可能在一起呆过一分钟。(2014·重庆)‎ We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.‎ ‎5.It seems/seemed a pity that....‎ It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.‎ 很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。‎ 仿写　你不能来参加这次聚会，真可惜。‎ It seems a pity that you can’t come to the party.‎ ‎ seek vt.& vi.试图，设法；征询，寻求；探索，探寻 ‎(1)We are always seeking to improve productivity.‎ 我们一直在设法提高生产率。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)They sought for a place to shelter from the rain，but in vain.‎ 他们寻找避雨的地方，但没能找到。‎ ‎(3)We shouldn’t seek after comfort，personal fame or gain.‎ 我们不应该贪图安逸，追名逐利。‎ seek (after/for) sb./sth.寻找某人/某物 seek out找出；挑出 seek to do sth.设法(试图)做某事 seek one’s fortune外出寻找发财机会；寻出路 seek one’s advice/help/assistance征求某人的建议/寻求帮助 seek (for) a solution to the problem 寻求解决问题的方案 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)They are urgently seeking for/after the post where they are well paid.‎ ‎(2)The couple have sought help from their marriage gobetweens.‎ ‎(3)Corbett decided to seek out the truth.‎ ‎(4)Having sought(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days，they finally found one.‎ ‎(5)Local schools are seeking to reduce(reduce) the dropout rate.‎ 写作能力提升——[高考小作文]‎ ‎(6)作为一个聪明的学生，你应该努力寻求方法来提高这些在学习上使用的技能，主要是阅读和写作。如果你学会了更好地阅读和写作，那么会有极大的好处来回报你学习的各个方面。‎ As a smart student，you should seek to improve those skills that you use in study，chiefly reading and writing.If you learn to read better and write better，there are big benefits that pay off in all your studies.‎ ‎ cater v.迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务 ‎(1)The university started some new language programs to cater for the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.‎ 大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合国家的“丝绸之路经济带”。(2015·江苏)‎ ‎(2)Our literature and art ought to cater to popular taste.‎ 我们的文艺必须为大众所喜闻乐见。‎ cater to迎合；为……服务 cater for为……提供服务；满足……需要；顾及 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)It’s the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.‎ ‎(2)It’s a holiday company that caters for the elderly.‎ ‎(3)Who is catering for your daughter’s wedding?‎ ‎ prohibit v.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止，使不可能 ‎(1)Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.‎ 该工厂内严禁吸烟。‎ ‎(2)The price prohibited us from buying it.‎ 这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。‎ ‎(1)prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止(阻止)某人做某事 prohibit (one’s) doing sth.禁止(某人)做某事 ‎(2)prohibition n.禁止，禁令 prohibition against...……的禁令 名师点拨 prohibit sb.from doing，stop sb.(from) doing，prevent sb.(from) doing，keep sb.from doing都可表示“阻止某人做某事”。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against the hunting of whales.‎ ‎(2)Visitors are prohibited from feeding(feed) the animals.‎ ‎(3)A few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing(share) student contact information.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。‎ ‎①Students are prohibited from using mobile phones in class.‎ ‎②Students are stopped from using mobile phones in class.‎ ‎③Students are prevented from using mobile phones in class.‎ ‎④Students are kept from using mobile phones in class.‎ ‎ decline n.衰落；衰败；减少；下降 v.衰落；减少；下降；婉言谢绝 ‎(1)Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.‎ 即使黑猩猩母亲也经常拒绝与孩子们分享食物，这些小黑猩猩从小就学会采集自己的食物。‎ ‎(2016·江苏)‎ ‎(2)Last year saw a decline in the effective demand for steel.‎ 去年，钢铁的实际需求下降了。‎ a decline in在……方面下降 in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路 decline to do...拒绝做……‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)decline后可接不定式作宾语，一般不接动名词。‎ ‎(2)decline表示“谢绝”时，已含有“拒绝接受”之意，所以其后一般不接to ‎ accept，以免语义重复。‎ ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.‎ ‎(2)Thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline.‎ ‎(3)He declined to answer(answer) my questions.‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The population is 或the decline.‎ ‎ submit v.服从；提交，递交；呈递(文件等)‎ ‎(1)I will not submit to your bullying.‎ 我不会屈服于你的欺侮。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)The students must submit themselves to the disciplines at school.‎ 学生在学校必须遵守纪律。‎ submit to服从于；屈从于 submit oneself to甘受……；服从……‎ submit...to...向……提交……‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Please submit your reports to me before the deadline.‎ ‎(2)She is a strongwilled person who never submits to failure.‎ ‎(3)Tom agreed to submit himself(he) to questioning.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)The paper was submitted by Tom and it was thought highly of by his professor.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ Submitted by Tom，the paper was thought highly of by his professor.‎ ‎ at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何 ‎(1)We must at all costs prevent them from finding out about the plan.‎ 我们无论如何不能让他们探知这个计划。(牛津词典)‎ ‎(2)A new computer system has been installed at a cost of 8,000 yuan.‎ 新的计算机系统已经安装，费用为8 000元。‎ at the cost of丧失，牺牲；以……为代价 at a cost of以……的费用/价格 at any cost(＝at all costs)以任何代价，不惜一切代价 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He is determined to win at any cost.‎ ‎(2)What is the cost of a loaf of bread in the store?‎ ‎(3)She saved him from drowning，but only at the cost of her own life.‎ ‎(4)He bought the piano at a cost of 500 dollars.‎ 写作能力提升——[翻译句子]‎ ‎(5)要不惜一切代价在三天内把桥修好。‎ The bridge must be repaired within three days at all costs/at any cost.‎ ‎ tolerate vt.容忍；忍受 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)If I were her staff，I really wouldn’t tolerate being scolded(scold) by her every day.‎ ‎(2)Tolerance(tolerate) consists in respecting the opinions of others.‎ ‎(3)Perhaps you need to be tolerant of your neighbors.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)我们不能容忍他的错误。‎ ‎①We cannot tolerate/stand/bear his mistakes.‎ ‎②We cannot be tolerant of his mistakes.(tolerant) ‎ ‎③We cannot put up with his mistakes.(put短语) ‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)tolerate (sb.) doing...容忍(某人)做……‎ ‎(2)tolerance n.容忍，忍耐力 ‎(3)tolerant adj.忍受的，容忍的；宽容的 be tolerant of能忍受，能容忍 ‎(4)tolerate当“忍受”讲，相当于stand，bear，put up with。‎ ‎ postpone vt.推迟，延期 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Let’s postpone making(make) a decision until we have more information.‎ ‎(2)The summer sports meeting in our school has been postponed(postpone) for several weeks for the heavy rain.‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)They decided to postpone the trip，owing to the change of the weather.‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)与to或until连用，表示延期到什么时候。‎ ‎(2)与动词ing连用，表示延缓做某事。‎ ‎ rob v.使丧失；抢劫；盗窃；剥夺 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Armed robbers(rob) broke into a jeweller’s through a hole in the wall.‎ ‎(2)The man was serving a sentence for robbery(rob) with violence.‎ ‎(3)Her illness robbed her of the chance to play for her school.‎ ‎(4)She used to steal money from her father’s drawer.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(5)The bank was robbed and shut down，but reopened last week.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ Though robbed and shut down，the bank reopened last week.‎ 词义辨析　rob，steal ‎(1)rob意为“抢”，常用于rob sb./sth.of sth.的结构。rob的宾语只能是遭抢的人或地点，不能是被抢的东西。‎ ‎(2)steal意为“偷”，常用于steal sth.from sb./sth.的结构。steal的宾语只能是被偷的东西，不能是遭偷的人或地点。‎ ‎ circumstance n.环境；情况 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)I wish we could have met under/in happier circumstances.‎ ‎(2)It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.‎ ‎(3)I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)Under no circumstances must you leave the house(你必须离开房子).‎ ‎(5)You must not mention your colleagues under/in any circumstances(在任何情况下).‎ ‎(6)Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if circumstances allow/permit(如果情况允许).‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)in/under no circumstances决不(置于句首，句子要用倒装语序)‎ in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样 in/under any circumstances在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许 ‎(2)抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，race，competition，system，job，scene，life，occasion，environment，circumstance等作先行词，并在从句中作状语时，用where/介词＋which引导定语从句。‎ ‎(3)在短语in/under the/no/any circumstances中circumstance总是用复数。‎ ‎ in vain枉费心机，白费力气，徒劳无益 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.‎ ‎(2)She was vain of/about her good looks.‎ 名师点拨 be vain of/about对……很自负 ‎ at random随便地，随意地；随机地 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)You can choose 7 numbers at random.‎ ‎(2)They throw out all of these behaviors randomly(random).‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(3)The librarian took a book from the shelf at random.‎ The librarian took a book from the shelf randomly.‎ 名师点拨 random常与介词at搭配，构成固定短语at random，相当于副词randomly。‎ ‎ wipe out彻底毁灭；彻底消灭 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He wiped away the sweat from his brow with the back of his hand.‎ ‎(2)A volcanic eruption nearly wiped out the small island of Montserrat in 1997.‎ ‎(3)I’m afraid this paint won’t wipe off.‎ ‎ at any rate无论如何；至少；不管怎样 ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)照这样下去，我们不久就要破产了。‎ At this rate，we will soon be bankrupt.‎ ‎(2)我们的钱正在以惊人的速度花完。‎ Our money was running out at an alarming rate.‎ ‎(3)无论如何你不能伤害她的感情。‎ At any rate，you can’t hurt her feelings.‎ ‎ It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。‎ 句型：It is＋adj./n.＋ (for sb.)to do...‎ ‎(1)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your credit.(2016·浙江)‎ 按时缴纳电费很重要，因为逾期缴纳可能会影响你的信用。‎ ‎(2)It is easy for me to swim across the river.‎ 对我来说游过这条河很容易。‎ ‎(3)It’s very kind of you to help me.‎ 你能帮助我真是太好了。‎ ‎(1)It is＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do...结构中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。‎ ‎(2)It is＋adj.＋for sb.to do...中for前面的形容词是指“事物怎么样”，如impossible，important等。‎ ‎(3)It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do...中of前面的形容词是指“人的性质或特征”，如nice，kind等。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)It was stupid of me to talk in that way to my mother.‎ ‎(2)It is very important for us to master English.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(3)这个小男孩是不可能扛得动这样一个重箱子的。‎ It was impossible for the little boy to carry such a heavy box.‎ ‎(4)他们很聪明，能充分利用互联网。‎ It is very smart of them to make good use of the Internet.‎ ‎ In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.‎ 在将来，那些经过基因改变的运动员有可能在8秒内跑完100米或在不到两小时内跑完马拉松。‎ ‎(1)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom.‎ 定期检查眼睛是很重要的，因为有些眼病或许没有症状。‎ ‎(2)Don’t be worried.I’ll have Tom help you finish the work.‎ 别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作的。‎ ‎(3)You’d better have your car running slowly.‎ 你最好把车子开慢点。‎ ‎(1)have sth.done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用get sth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，有时翻译成“请人做某事”或“主语遭遇到某事”。‎ ‎(2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事。‎ ‎(3)have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人一直做某事/某事处于某种状态；用于否定句时，have表示“容忍，容许”之意。‎ ‎(4)have sth.to do有事要做，have意为“有”。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)I will go to the post office.Do you have any letters to be posted(post)?‎ ‎(2)I had my computer repaired(repair) yesterday.‎ ‎(3)I won’t have you speaking(speak) to your father like that.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)那两人让灯亮了一整夜。‎ The two men had the lights burning all night long.‎ ‎(5)我将叫园丁种植一些树木。‎ I’ll have the gardener plant some trees.‎ ‎ When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.‎ 那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。‎ ‎(1)George can’t have gone too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016·浙江)‎ 乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是热的。‎ ‎(2)Nonsense，you must have misheard.‎ 瞎说，你准是听错了。‎ ‎(3)You should have finished your homework yesterday.‎ 你昨天就该做完作业。‎ ‎“情态动词＋have done”表示两种意义：‎ ‎(1)表对过去情况的推测与估计 must have done用于肯定句，意为“准是/一定(已经)……了”‎ can have done用于否定句和疑问句，意为“不可能/不会(已经)……的”和“可能/也许(已经)……了吗”‎ may have done用于肯定句和否定句，意为“可能/也许(已经)……了”和“可能/或许还没有……”‎ ‎(2)表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其句法结构而定。‎ should/ought to have done本来应该……的(但却没有……)‎ could have done本来能够……的(但却没有……)‎ might have done本可以……的(但却没有……)‎ needn’t have done本来不必……的(但却做了……)‎ 基础知识训练——[单句改错]‎ ‎(1)It must rained last night，for the road is all wet.‎ ‎(2)—I sent him a most interesting story book by mail this morning.‎ ‎—You not have done so; he’s coming tomorrow morning.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(3)我本应该帮助彼得干工作，但是我自己有很多事情要做。‎ I should have helped Peter with his work，but I had a lot of things to do myself.‎ ‎(4)我们本能一起面对困难，但你为什么不告诉我呢？‎ We could have faced the difficulty together，but why didn’t you tell me？‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 Now “cheating” is used not only in exams but also in sports or games.When 1.referring(refer) to “cheating” in the games，we come 2.across the issue of performanceenhancing drugs.The drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses，but now they also create supreme athletes 3.making(make) them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.Taking these drugs is known as “doping”，4.which can cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them，but some athletes seek to achieve beyond their 5.natural(nature) limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.The sports world doesn’t tolerate doping 6.as it is a fundamental form of cheating.To our surprise，some athletes,7.including(include) some worldrecord keepers or breakers violated the rule.8.Unfortunately(fortunate)，it is not easy to catch athletes 9.using(use) illegal drugs.10.Unless we are careful，“genetherapy” will be the next big threat.‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 One of the earliest epidemic on record happened about 500－550 AD when then Roman emperor at the time was attempted to rebuild the Roman Empire.In the 1330’s，“The Black Death” appeared in Asia，that spread rapid.Years ago，SARS breaks out.Since then，scientists had been doing trials to prevent it.Before SARS，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been most acute epidemic in history because of it killed 50 million people in 18 months.However，since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken many than a hundred lives.With all the international effort being ‎ made，we have faith which there will be solutions to stop it.‎ 答案　‎ One of the earliest on record happened about 500－550 AD when then Roman emperor at the time was to rebuild the Roman Empire.In the 1330’s，“The Black Death” appeared in Asia， spread .Years ago，SARS out.Since then，scientists been doing trials to prevent it.Before SARS，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been most acute epidemic in history because of it killed 50 million people in 18 months.However，since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken than a hundred lives.With all the international effort being made，we have faith there will be solutions to stop it.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于青少年问题)‎ ‎1.青少年毒品滥用已成为公众关注的问题。‎ ‎2.为了禁止他们这样做，人们每年都会寻找不同的方法。‎ ‎3.专家建议青少年应该用知识武装头脑，将努力学习作为自己的常规事务。‎ ‎4.专家还建议青少年无论在什么情况下都不要失去信心，他们的努力不会白费的。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用现在分词作状语以及倒装句等句型结构。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)‎ Drug abuse among teenagers has become a concern of the public.To prohibit them from doing so，people seek various ways annually.Experts suggest that teenagers should equip themselves with knowledge and make it a routine to study hard，adding that under no circumstances should they lose faith and that their efforts will not be in vain.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.‎ ‎(2016·天津)‎ ‎2.The underlined(underline) word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s “stories”.‎ ‎(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎3.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt(rebuild).(2016·北京)‎ ‎4.In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit(visit)Oxford.‎ ‎5.Others are concerned(concern) about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎6.If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit(submit) it to Smart Animals.(2015·陕西)‎ ‎7.The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed(postpone).‎ ‎8.Perri，on the other hand，grew up privileged(privilege) in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s.‎ ‎9.I tried to console her，but in vain.‎ ‎10.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.‎ ‎(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 British scientists have done something that many people thought was impossible：they created the first clone of an adult mammal(哺乳动物).The clone，named Dolly，is a sevenmonthold ‎ sheep，grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.‎ What is a clone？A clone is a copy—a genetic copy.Genes are the instructions for life.They tell a cell what to do and how to do it.Genes make each individual plant or animal different and unique.But a clone has the same genes as the original organism(生物体).‎ Cloning is not new.Plants have been cloned for centuries.New plants are often grown from cutting from another plant.Also，plants like pineapples，strawberries and carnations (康乃馨) are sometimes cloned.One benefit of cloning is that we can make many copies of the best and healthiest plants.‎ It has been much more difficult to clone animals.Frogs have been cloned，but they died as tadpoles，never living long enough to become adult frogs.Mice，sheep and cattle have been cloned from embryos(胚胎).But Dolly is the first healthy clone of an adult mammal.How did they do it?‎ ‎(1)An unfertilized egg was taken from a sheep.‎ ‎(2)The egg nucleus(细胞核) was removed.‎ ‎(3)A cell was taken from the udder(乳房) of a pregnant(怀孕的) sheep.It was “starved”，so that it stopped growing.‎ ‎(4)The two cells were combined into one and then implanted in a third sheep，where it grew normally.‎ ‎(5)The clone was born.It was genetically identical to the pregnant sheep in Step (3).‎ This sounds much easier than it actually was.To end up with one clone，the scientists started with 277 udder cells.And they needed in a way to make the egg cell accept a new nucleus.They did that by starving the cell in Step (3).‎ It may soon be possible to clone many types of animals.Will we also be able to clone human organs，or even whole human beings？We have only begun to think about the morality of cloning technology.Maybe the question to ask is not whether we can clone humans，but instead，should we clone humans?‎ ‎11.Dolly is a sheep because she is grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.‎ A.that has no father B.that has no mother C.that has no parents D.that has no tail 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。从文中可以看出，多莉是从一只成年羊的细胞中克隆出来的，所以它没有父母，而是那只羊的一个翻版。‎ ‎12.Tell which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A.Only plants can be cloned.‎ B.Only strawberries and carnations can sometimes be cloned.‎ C.Animals and plants have quite a long history of cloning.‎ D.Genes can tell a cell what to do and how to do it during cloning.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“Genes are the instructions for life.They tell a cell what to do and how to do it.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎13.From the fourth paragraph we can know that .‎ A.a tadpole is the early stage of a grownup frog B.a tadpole is a frog without a tail C.a tadpole is a kind of animal D.a tadpole is a clone of an adult mammal 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由文章第四段第二句可知，人们曾经克隆过青蛙，但在蝌蚪阶段就死了，并没有进入成年青蛙阶段。因此我们可以判断，蝌蚪是青蛙的早期形态，故A项“蝌蚪是青蛙的早期形态”正确。‎ ‎14.Which of the following statements about Dolly is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A.Dolly is the first clone of an animal.‎ B.Dolly is the first clone of an adult animal.‎ C.Dolly is the first clone of a mammal.‎ D.Dolly is the first clone of an adult mammal.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话“...they created the first clone of an adult mammal(哺乳动物).”可知答案应为D项。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2017·广东佛山一中月考)‎ Travis laughed as he tore at the wrapping paper on his birthday present.He was so 15 ！ Finally，he would have the coolest pair of namebrand basketball shoes.‎ All the guys on his team were wearing the namebrand shoes of a popular basketball 16 ，Chuck Hart. 17 Hart was criticized for his poor sportsmanship and infamous 18 ，he was a great player.In fact，Travis wasn’t thinking about Hart’ s behavior; he had only expected to see Hart’s 19 on the side of the box.The first indication that something was 20 came as he tore away the last piece of paper.Not Hart’s.The new shoes were the name brand of another player，Robert Ryann，who was 21 for his amazing work in the community.‎ Travis’s hands 22 ； his heart stopped.It wasn’t that the Ryann shoes weren’t ‎ nice，but what would his friends think？They were the wrong shoes and Travis would be 23 by the other players.When he looked up into his dad’s eyes，however，Travis 24 he would not tell him.“Thanks，Dad.I was really hoping for shoes，” Travis said as he pulled the shoes out of the box.‎ Next morning his dad drove him to school.When they 25 in front of his destination，Travis slowly opened the car door.Just then，his dad stopped him.‎ ‎“Hey，Travis，wait a minute，look...” his dad said 26 ，“Travis，I know those aren’t the shoes you had hoped for，but I saw the names of the two guys and made a(n) 27 .The guy whose name is on those shoes，” he said，pointing down at Travis’s feet，“is someone I 28 .Do you know how often Ryann has found himself in 29 ？”‎ ‎“No，” Travis said.‎ ‎“Never.He’s never talked back to his coach or started a fight，and he’s a team player.You could have acted like a(n) 30 when you didn’t get the shoes you wanted，Travis，but you were 31 and made the best of it.You have such a good 32 ，like the guy whose name is on these shoes.I’m hoping that someday，your name will be on the coolest pair of shoes I’ll ever see.”‎ When Travis looked down at his feet，he saw the shoes 33 .His dad had used his mind and heart to give the son a thoughtful 34 .‎ 语篇解读　Travis一直希望能有一双和队友们一样的印有球星Chuck Hart名字的运动鞋，生日那天他却失望地发现父亲买给他的另一位球星代言的运动鞋，但是Travis仍然尽力表现得很高兴。后来他父亲的一番话让他的思想有了改变，对鞋有了新的认识。‎ ‎15.A.surprised B.ashamed C.excited D.worried 答案　C 解析　‎ surprised惊讶的；ashamed羞愧的；excited激动的；worried担心的。根据情理推断，Travis一直盼望着能有一双和队友们同样品牌的运动鞋，所以当他看到生日礼物是双鞋的时候，心情是非常激动的，C选项正确。‎ ‎16.A.team B.player C.coach D.game 答案　B 解析　team团队；player运动员；coach教练；game比赛。根据下文“Hart...was a great player.”判断B选项正确。‎ ‎17.A.Unless B.If C.Because D.Although 答案　D 解析　unless除非；if如果；because因为；although尽管。从语境可知，前句他因为差的体育道德和声名狼藉的行为受到人们指责和后句他是个伟大的运动员之间是转折关系，所以D选项正确。‎ ‎18.A.skill B.performance C.behavior D.action 答案　C 解析　skill技能，技巧；performance表演，表现；behavior行为；action行动。根据下文“In fact，Travis wasn’t thinking about Hart’s behavior...”可知他不在乎Hart的行为，故此处应指Hart的不良行为，所以正确答案是C。‎ ‎19.A.name B.photo C.sign D.model 答案　A 解析　name名字；photo照片；sign标识；model模型。根据下文“Travis，I know...but I saw ‎ the names of the two guys...”可知鞋上印有球星的名字。A选项正确。‎ ‎20.A.strange B.wrong C.true D.funny 答案　B 解析　strange奇怪的；wrong错误的；true真实的；funny滑稽的。根据上文可知他开始非常兴奋，但是这时意识到不是他想要的球星的鞋子，所以是感到事情不对头。故B选项正确。‎ ‎21.A.known B.encouraged C.adopted D.influenced 答案　A 解析　known出名的；encouraged受到鼓舞的；adopted收养的；influenced受到影响的。从下文父亲的解释可知这个球星也是非常有名的。所以A选项正确。‎ ‎22.A.fell B.froze C.shook D.folded 答案　B 解析　fall掉下，摔倒；freeze僵住；shake摇晃；fold折叠。从下文“his heart stopped”可知freeze与stop照应。故B选项正确。‎ ‎23.A.questioned B.noticed C.teased D.attacked 答案　C 解析　question质问，审问；notice发现，注意到；tease耻笑，戏弄；attack攻击。从上下文可知队友们都穿这个品牌的运动鞋，出于青少年攀比的心理，如果他没有这样的鞋，队友们应该是笑话他，所以C选项正确。‎ ‎24.A.hoped B.believed C.decided D.wished 答案　C 解析　hope希望；believe相信；decide决定；wish希望。从文章的叙述可知Travis是个懂事的孩子，怕父亲伤心，所以他决定不能让父亲知道他的失望。所以C选项正确。‎ ‎25.A.pulled up B.put up C.took up D.turned up 答案　A 解析　pull up车减速停下；put up举起，搭建；take up占据，从事；turn up出现，调大。从下文“Travis slowly opened the car door.”可以判断他是到了学校，车子停下来。所以A选项正确。‎ ‎26.A.peacefully B.hesitantly C.delightedly D.naturally 答案　B 解析　peacefully和平地；hesitantly犹豫地；delightedly高兴地；naturally自然地。从父亲说的话“Hey，Travis，wait a minute，look...”中的省略号判断，父亲此时在犹豫该如何给孩子解释这件事，故B选项正确。‎ ‎27.A.choice B.effort C.comment D.mistake 答案　A 解析　choice选择；effort努力；comment评论；mistake错误。从下文可知父亲是从Travis喜欢的鞋子和他自己喜欢的鞋子中选了一双，所以此处应该是make a choice 做出了选择。A选项正确。‎ ‎28.A.believe B.miss C.admire D.remember 答案　C 解析　believe相信；miss想念；admire钦佩，赞赏；remember记住。从下文“He’s never talked back to his coach or started a fight”可知，Ryann是个品质高尚，有团队精神的运动员，父亲希望Travis也成为这样的人，所以父亲应该是欣赏Robert Ryann，故C选项正确。‎ ‎29.A.danger B.surprise C.sorrow D.trouble 答案　D 解析　danger危险；surprise惊奇；sorrow难过；trouble麻烦。从下文可知Robert Ryann从不和教练顶嘴，从不打架而且合作意识强，所以是从不惹麻烦。故D 选项正确。‎ ‎30.A.teammate B.adult C.kid D.student 答案　C 解析　teammate队友；adult成年人；kid小孩；student学生。按情理推测，孩子生日时收到不喜欢的礼物，一般会表现出来，但是Travis却表现的非常克制，丝毫没有表现出失望的样子。句意为：当你收到你不喜欢的鞋子时，本来可能会表现得像个小孩子一样。所以C选项正确。‎ ‎31.A.upset B.rude C.polite D.glad 答案　C 解析　upset烦躁的；rude粗鲁的；polite礼貌的；glad开心的。从语境可知父亲是在夸奖Travis，因为他没因未收到自己想要的礼物而发脾气，而是很有礼貌地感谢了父亲。所以C选项正确。‎ ‎32.A.quality B.courage C.dream D.belief 答案　A 解析　quality品质；courage勇气；dream梦想；belief信仰，信念。从上下文可知父亲认为Travis很有礼貌，这是他难能可贵的品质。‎ ‎33.A.clearly B.carefully C.patiently D.differently 答案　D 解析　clearly清楚地；carefully仔细地；patiently耐心地；differently不同地。从上文可知父亲的话使Travis改变了认识，所以看鞋时的心态不一样了，D选项正确。‎ ‎34.A.gift B.look C.hope D.lesson 答案　A 解析　gift礼物；look看；hope愿望；lesson课，教训。从第一段可知，鞋子是作为生日礼物送给他的，此处的礼物既指鞋子也指父亲对孩子推心置腹的一席话。A为正确选项。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 ‎(2017·山东烟台期中)‎ 假设你是李华，你和你的朋友打算在学校创办一个英语读书俱乐部，请写一封信给你的美国朋友Peter，介绍一下俱乐部的一些情况。内容包括：‎ ‎1.创办目的；‎ ‎2.图书的来源；‎ ‎3.活动的安排；‎ ‎4.希望对方提出建议。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Peter，‎ How is everything going？I’m writing to ask you some advice on our English reading club.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 参考范文 Dear Peter，‎ How is everything going？I’m writing to ask you some advice on our English reading club.‎ To widen our horizons and improve our English，my friend and I plan to set up an English reading club in our school.We’ll buy some original works of some famous writers and order China Daily and the 21st Century English newspapers to learn about different cultures and happenings in the world.Of course we’ll hold varieties of reading activities.We’ll provide chances for members of the club to exchange opinions on certain books so that they can learn from each other.Besides，we’ll recommend good books to them.‎ Such are our plans.Would you like to give us some advice?‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua