考点58+书面表达开放类-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过

考点58+书面表达开放类-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过

考点58 书面表达（半）开放类 高考频度：★★★★★‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【考点归纳】‎ ‎ (半)开放式书面表达：指给出很少的提示或近乎命题作文，这种题要求考生发挥想象把文章的内容合理地表达出来。也有的是给出漫画、一句话或一种情景，让考生根据自己的理解写作文，即给出漫画、主题或两三点提示，由考生去发挥、构思。‎ ‎(半)开放作文形同于书面表达，但又不等同于书面表达，因为书面表达往往给出较为详细的提示（文字提纲式、文字+图画式、或图表式），考生在组织短文时，完全可以把这些提示当作短文的提纲或线索；考生在表达时，只需沿着这条线索思维即可，留给考生进行发散思维的空间不多。而＂(半)开放作文＂是一种限制相对较少、留给考生更多自由发挥空间的、考查学生书面表达能力的一种新题型。这种题型只给出主题，也就是说只告诉你正在或将要发生什么事情，至于事情发生的过程、结果则完全由考生自己去发挥，考生的思维完全可以发散。所以，考生的思路不同，写出的作文就会是千人千面。‎ 常见的(半)开放式作文命题形式 标题式 标题式(半)开放作文的命题形式往往是要求考生围绕一个特定的话题去写作。＂标题式(半)开放作文＂实际上相当于汉语的命题式作文，考生只要围绕题目中所给的特定的话题说明、叙述、举例，加上谈谈自己的感想或发表自己的看法就可以了。‎ 漫画式 漫画式(半)开放作文以北京高考为代表。命题形式往往是要求考生围绕一幅漫画去写作。然而，相对于＂标题式＂(半)开放作文而言，＂漫画式＂(半)开放作文的写作难度更大。‎ 常考文体 ‎＂(半)开放作文＂的常考文体有两种：记叙文和议论文。‎ ‎＂记叙式开放作文＂一般给出一段材料，然后要求考生沿着材料的纵横发展方向，充分发挥想象力，拓展原材料内容；同 时运用逻辑推理方法，进行谋篇布局；最后串词成句，连句成文。总结起来就是，＂记叙式(半)开放作文＂要求考生灵活处理所给材料，做到综合分析，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，论据充分，论证严密。‎ ‎＂议论式(半)开放作文＂则要求考生根据所提供的信息材料(一般为漫画)，在描述漫画信息之余，发挥自己的想象，展开简单的议论，并略谈自己的观点和看法。总结起来就是，＂议论式(半)开放作文＂要求考生围绕所给漫画的信息，简要地进行描述，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，发人深思。值得注意的是：近年来，北京卷＂(半)开放作文＂倾向于＂就图论事＂、＂就图明理＂。可以说，＂议论式(半)开放作文＂与现在流行的新课改、新课程、新课标非常吻合，也与流行的研究性学习、探究性学习非常一致，既迎合了当前教学潮流，又对潮流有一定的引领和推动作用。因此，考生要注意训练自己围绕图片，总结写作要点的能力。另外，看图类文章的审题难度要略大于文字类文章的审题难度，所以考生在平时的训练中应该加强对解图能力的训练。 ‎ 第一步、描述漫画内容 描述漫画内容的基本条件是看懂漫画。要求是：审图要准，定位要清；描述时言简意赅，不可越位；要注意：不要花太多时间挖掘图画深意！因为(半)开放作文不看重你的思想厚度，而看重你的语言质量。第二步、阐述对漫画的理解 所谓对漫画的理解，是指围绕漫画反映的基本事实进行较为细致的解释和自己的看法、感想或人生感悟等。要求是：逻辑清晰，合情合理。‎ 根据以上两个步骤，我们可以这样认为：＂(半)开放作文＂只要求你做两件事情，一件是描述图画（describe the following picture），另一件是阐述你对图画解释和看法（explain how you understand it）。相应地，你只需要写两个段落，一段是＂描述段＂，另一段是＂议论段＂。 ‎ ‎1.＂描述段＂的写法：第一句可以使用如下句式： In the picture, there is…等。 ＂描述段＂的功能就是传达图画中的信息，向读者交代图画内容，所以必能使用＂there be＂句型。另外，＂描述段＂的另一个功用即：为第二段的议论埋下伏笔。 ‎ ‎2.＂议论段＂的写法：＂议论＂段的首句有个固定的句式，即：In my opinion, the picture is meaningful and wonderful as well.等。如何发议论呢？所谓议论，就是根据图画信息，表达你的看法、感想。考生不必过深地挖掘图画信息，只需用简单的英文，表达平易的道理。换句话说，只要你能用正确的英文表达你的感想，便赢得了胜利。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组一（高考真题）‎ Writing 1(2016·新课标全国卷I)‎ 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(forma)。‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎ 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ Writing 2(2016·浙江卷)‎ ‎＂Planning is good, but doing is better＂是一句英国名言。请以此为题用英语写一篇100~120词的短文。要求如下：‎ ‎ 1. 简述你对这句名言的理解；‎ ‎ 2. 用一个具体事例加以说明；‎ ‎ 3. 给出恰当的结尾。‎ 注意：1. 文章的标题已给出（不计词数）；‎ ‎ 2. 文中不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、老师或同学姓名等真实信息，否则按作弊行为认定。‎ Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Writing 3(2015·浙江卷)‎ 在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以＂When I Have a Different Opinion＂为题，用英语写一篇100~120个词的短文。要求如下：‎ ‎1. 从以上两种做法中选择一种；‎ ‎2. 以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。‎ 注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则，按考试作弊行为认定。‎ When I Have a Different Opinion ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Writing 4(2014·湖南卷)‎ 学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以＂My Magic ________＂为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。‎ 内容：‎ ‎1. 说明设计理由；‎ ‎2. 介绍新功能。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数不少于120个；‎ ‎2. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ 题组二（名校模拟题）‎ Writing1(河北省保定市高三摸底考试)‎ 进入高三以来，同学们倍感学习压力，有的同学熬夜学习，甚至课间十分钟也不放过。假设你是李华，请针对这一现象，在penpal world.com网站上用英语发表一下自己的看法，与外国中学生进行交流。‎ ‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右。‎ ‎ 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ Writing 2(河北衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练)‎ 近年来，名校受到越来越多的家长和学生的推崇。请你结合这个现象写一篇英语短文，分析出现＂名校热＂的原因，并针对这个现象谈谈你的看法。‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ Writing 3(江西省重点中学高三模拟)‎ 为响应“中国梦——我的梦”，彰显高中生的青春与活力，近期JGEXB(井冈英语学报)发布了一则征文，体裁为演讲稿。征文题目为“I believe I can”。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数：100左右；‎ ‎2.格式已给出；‎ ‎3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组一 ‎ Writing 1‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Ms Jenkins,‎ I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.‎ In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don’t even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I’m writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.‎ Looking forward to your reply. And I’d be really thankful.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【写作指导】‎ 本文是一篇考生们熟悉的书信类体裁的书面表达，内容贴近学生生活，所以人人有话可说。文章没有给出开头和结尾，所以考生要注意书信的格式，包括称呼语、正文以及结束语等。在写作时要注意先列出写作要点，而且要注意将来时、现在时以及现在完成时的交错使用；注意使用高级句式和多种结构的使用，而且语气要委婉、礼貌。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文是一篇较为优秀的范文。格式正确，要点全面，语言通顺、流畅，很好地完成了写作任务。在本文中开头提出写信的目的，然后具体讲述自己的困难，再提出请求，最后表达自己的感激之情。所以在内容上逻辑性较强。此外，作者还使用了不定式短语In order to get some practical experience, 现在分词短语hoping you can give me some help, 宾语从句if there are something to pay attention to等。经典句式this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume也是文章的亮点所在。‎ Writing 2‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do. However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.‎ My experience in the English speech contest last October is a case in point. A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps. After that, I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic, wrote a speech, and practiced its delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills. I finally came out of the contest as the first prize winner.‎ I know how I achieved my success. It came from good planning and better doing combined.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本篇范文短小精悍，结构合理，语言简洁，时态、人称准确，很好地完成了写作任务。在文章开头，作者紧扣题目，提出自己对plan的理解，同时引出下文，然后用自己的亲身经历表明要将计划付诸实施非常重要。在文中，作者用到了短语in detail, bear no fruit, carry out, set out to等短语，避免了文章表达的单一。此外，还用到了宾语从句how we do和how I achieved my success, 以及句型It came from good planning and better doing combined等，这些都给文章增加了亮点。‎ Writing 3‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Possible version 1:‎ When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it. By doing so, I ‎ can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.‎ Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.‎ Possible version 2:‎ When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.‎ ‎ ‎ Writing 4‎ My Magic Shoes As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for it can protect our feet from being hurt. However, as a boy who has athlete’s foot, I am looking forward to inventing a pair of shoes helping my feet keep dry and me walk conveniently. Therefore, this new kind of shoes has come into being recently.‎ To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes is equipped with a micro-fan. When you walk, a small machine changes the energy produced by walking into electric energy and stores it. If you stop walking, the micro-fan can work immediately to dry your feet. However, what amazes you most is the following new function. There is a special red button in each of the shoes. If the road you are walking is flat, you can press the red button, which helps your shoes change into a roller skate with two rollers appearing beneath your shoes, and you can reach your destination quickly. On arriving at your destination, press the red button again and the rollers will return to your shoes, so you can walk normally like others.‎ That’s my magic shoes. Do you like them or would you like to have a try? ‎ 题组二 ‎ ‎ ‎ Writing1‎ Hi Fellows,‎ ‎ ‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Writing 2‎ ‎ In recent years, more and more parents want to send their children to famous schools because they think it can ensure that their children go to famous universities.‎ It is true that famous schools are equipped with better teaching facilities. However, not every student is fit for famous schools where there is fierce competition among students. And students there have to work much harder than students in other schools.‎ I hope the government will take effective measures to make sure all the schools provide equally good education. In this way, all the students have equal right to highquality education.‎ Writing 3‎ Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,‎ Please answer me a question, “Have you ever seen such a scene as the following?” In the morning, when you wake up, open your eyes slowly, look around, you can notice that the light comes into your room and smell the fresh air, you can hear the sweet nature voice outside the windows.‎ Yes, yes, yes, what a beautiful day, what a different day, and what a bright day! And most ‎ importantly, it is a new journey of your life, a new beginning to make new decisions, take new actions, make new friends, and take your life to a totally new world!‎ ‎ ‎ I am myself, so I believe I can! I know every dream will come true if I'm passionate, confident and hard-working! I will live every day of my life with absolute passion, and now I am showing my passion with words and the actions. I will focus all my time and effort on the most important goals of my life. I will accept challenges of hardship. I will never waver in my pursuit of excellence.‎ In a word, I believe I am the best one, I can do it and I will realize my dream!‎ I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed! I believe I can.‎ That's all, thank you！‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎