湖南省长沙市长郡中学2020届高三考前演练（五）英语试题 Word版含解析

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2020届高三考前演练（五）英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试考前演练（五） 英语试题 注意事项： 1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡 上,写在本试卷 上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的 答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节 （共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项。 听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £ 19.15. B. £9.18. C. £ 9.15. 答案是 C。 1. How will the man go to New York? A. By train. B. By air. C. By bus. 2. Who does the woman want to talk with? A. Selena. B. Matt. C. Dana. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The menu. B. A restaurant. C. Shopping. 4. What can be inferred about the girl? A. She has returned to her hometown. B. She will soon leave her hometown. C. She has come to a new place. 5. Who are the Americans? A. The woman's guests. B. The man's friends. C. Ann's friends. - 2 - 第二节 （共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、E、C 三 个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒 钟;听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. How much should the man pay? A. $5. B. $75. C. $ 75.05. 7. What does the woman do in the end? A. She charges the man a little less. B. She asks the man to pay later. C. She makes a mistake about the money. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. What caused the trouble with the man's car? A. Petrol. B. Water. C. The petrol tank. 9. When will the man collect his car? A. Today. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Tomorrow afternoon. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. How many hours does David sleep a day? A. Four hours. B. Six hours. C. Seven hours. 11. What does the man think of David's way of sleeping? A. It's effective. B. It's strange. C. It's harmful. 12. What does the woman really mean at the end of the conversation? A. People should follow David's example. B. People need longer hours of sleep than David. C. People may have their own way of sleeping. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. What do we know about the woman? A. She is a college teacher. - 3 - B. She is a college student. C. She works at a hotel. 14. What is the man's major? A. French. B. Hotel management. C. Computer science. 15. What can be inferred about the man's job? A. He has to go to work every day. B. He needn't go to work every day. C. He works long hours for low pay. 16. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. High school friends. B. College classmates. C. Workmates. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. What is the speaker doing? A. Introducing a new basketball coach. B. Introducing a candidate for the coach. C. Introducing a new basketball player. 18. Where does Mary Ann's father work? A. At a college. B. At a high school. C. At a primary school. 19. How long did Mary Ann work as an assistant coach at Tech University? A. Two years. B. Four years. C. Twenty years. 20. What probably happens after the speaker finishes speaking? A. The basketball game begins. B. The speaker answers listeners' questions. C. Mary Ann answers listeners' questions. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） - 4 - 第一节 （共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A Find Your Liberal Arts College (文理学院) Smith College Smith is a liberal arts college where women's minds matter. Our small classes, picturesque campus and open curriculum attract students from all over the world. Smith College began more than 140 years ago and is a distinguished liberal arts college committed to providing the highest quality undergraduate education for women to enable them to develop their talents and to participate effectively and fully in society. Shimer College For 150 years Shimer has prepared students with a classical liberal arts education. Consider the differences： All original sources. All discussion classes of twelve or less. No lectures. No tests. Classes follow the Socratic Method—professors ask questions that challenge students to express and support their ideas. Learning is a constant dialogue where every opinion, every position is questioned and analyzed. Swarthmore College A liberal arts college of 1,500 students near Philadelphia, Swarthmore is recognized internationally for its climate of academic excitement and commitment to bettering the world. Aside from offering valuable academic experiences, what's unique about learning at Swarthmore? Your first semester is pass-fail, so you can learn for learning's sake. We have a one-of-a-kind Honors Program. And where else can you explore a liberal arts curriculum paired with an engineering program? Pine Manor College Minutes away from downtown Boston, Pine Manor College consistently ranks among the most diverse liberal arts colleges in the nation and among the top 15 for small class size among liberal arts colleges. Affordable private education for women, Pine Manor College offers students a personalized education grounded in the liberal arts - 5 - tradition. At PMC, students receive individualized academic, social, and financial support to achieve their goals. 1. Which college would you like to go to if you enjoy learning through talking? A. Pine Manor College. B. Shimer College. C. Swarthmore College. D. Smith College. 2. What is special about Swarthmore College? A. There is an engineering program for students. B. Students needn't worry about failing a test. C. It is larger than any other liberal arts college. D. Students can learn engineering instead of liberal arts. 3. What is the similarity between Pine Manor College and Smith College? A. They are small colleges. B. They are expensive colleges. C. They are women's colleges. D. They have the same history. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章给读者介绍了四所文理学院，以及每所大学的特点。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Shimer College 部分的 Classes follow the Socratic Method—professors ask questions that challenge students to express and support their ideas. All discussion classes of twelve or less. (所有的讨论班 12 人或者更少)Learning is a constant dialogue where every opinion, every position is questioned and analyzed.(课 堂上遵循苏格拉底式的教学方法——教授提问，挑战学生表达和支持他们的观点。学习是一 种持续的对话，每个观点，每个立场都被质疑和分析)可知，如果你喜欢通过讨论学习，可以 选择 Shimer College。B. Shimer College.符合以上说法，故选 B 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Swarthmore College 部分的 We have a one-of-a-kind Honors Program. And where else can you explore a liberal arts curriculum paired with an engineering program?(我们有一个独一无二的荣誉课堂。你还能在哪里找到与工程项目相结合的文理课程 呢？)可知 Swarthmore College 的特殊之处是提供了和文科课程相结合的工程项目。A. There is an engineering program for students.(给学生提供了一个工程项目)符合以上说法，故 - 6 - 选 A 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Smith College 部分的 Smith College began more than 140 years ago and is a distinguished liberal arts college committed to providing the highest quality undergraduate education for women(史密斯大学建于 140 年前，是一所著名的文理学院， 致力于给女性提供最高质量的本科教育)和 Pine Manor College 部分的 Affordable private education for women, Pine Manor College offers students a personalized education grounded in the liberal arts tradition.(为女性提供负担得起私立教育，派恩庄园学校 为学生提供基于人文艺术传统的个性化教学)可知，史密斯学院和派恩庄园学校的共同特点 是：它们是专门为女性设立的学校。C. They are women's colleges.(它们是女子学院)符合 以上说法，故选 C 项。 B Laughter fills the room as Claire Conza distributes balls of wool to a bunch of women gathered in a Birkenhead cafe on a Wednesday morning. Conza, 34, is the founder of Make Give Live, a social enterprise that’s brought together about 40 women in five groups to knit(编织)hats. Her “makers” meet each week or fortnight. “We swap finished hats for new wool and patterns to keep them busy until the next catch up,” she says. Since starting up last year, Make Give Live has sold more than 400 woollen hats on a “buy one—give one” model, so another 250 hats have been given to the homeless or elderly people through partnerships with Lifewise and Age Concern, with more donations to come. But for Conza, the movement is about more than making hats—she sees Make Give Live as a way to connect communities, share good times and improve well-being. “There’s a magical interaction between the generations within our groups. Our older members are enriched by using their knitting skills to teach younger people. Our younger members have new methods to share and get to create something for their community.” Makers are also enjoying the health benefits of knitting, which Conza says offers many of the same benefits as meditation(冥想). “The rhythmic movements and sense - 7 - of focus can help keep from symptoms of anxiety, pressure, and stress.” “I found so many benefits in the mindful process of knitting and the joy of creating something useful and beautiful, at a time when I wasn’t able to do much else. I decided if it worked for me, others would also benefit, and Make Give Live was born,” she says. “A social enterprise is a hybrid of a charity and a business,” says Conza. “It’s about having the head of a business, the heart of a charity and the hands of the community. The key to its existence is recognizing people for their efforts so they are able to stay involved. 4. Which of the following best explains how the “buy one—give one” model works? A. A new hat will be made when one is sold. B. A buyer buys one hat and gets one free. C. One hat is bought to give it to a person in need. D. For each hat sold one is given to a person in need. 5. Why does Conza consider Make Give Live more than making hats? A. It provides warm hats for people of all ages. B. It helps to develop the members' knitting skills. C. It creates a good relationship in the community. D. It introduces new methods for creating better hats. 6. According to the text, what effect does knitting have on people? A. It makes them relaxed. B. It makes them hopeful. C. It makes them energetic. D. It makes them courageous. 7. What does the underlined word “hybrid” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Branch. B. Standard. C. Mixture. D. Boundary. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了 Make giving Live：一个社会企业，实行“买一送一” - 8 - 的模式，在帮助了无家可归的人和有需要的老人的同时，又拉近了社区的几代人的关系，使 其成为一个既是企业又是慈善的混合性质企业。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容：Since starting up last year, Make Give Live has sold more than 400 woollen hats on a “buy one—give one” model, so another 250 hats have been given to the homeless or elderly people through partnerships with Lifewise and Age Concern, with more donations to come.( Make giving Live 自去年成立以来，已经以 “买一送一”的模式售出了 400 多顶羊毛帽子，因此，通过 Lifewise 和 Age Concern 的合作 伙伴关系，又向无家可归的人或老年人赠送了 250 顶帽子，未来还会有更多的捐赠。)可推知， “买一送一”的模式是“每卖出一顶帽子，便会赠送一顶帽子给无家可归的人或老年人”的 工作原理。D 项“For each hat sold one is given to a person in need.”合理概括了该 工作模式。故选 D 项。 【5 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 四 段 内 容 “There’s a magical interaction between the generations within our groups. Our older members are enriched by using their knitting skills to teach younger people. Our younger members have new methods to share and get to create something for their community.(在我们的群体中，几代人之间有一种神奇 的互动。我们的老会员通过使用他们的编织技能来教年轻人丰富。我们的年轻成员有了新的 方法来分享和为他们的社区创造一些东西。)”可知，在她看来，“Make Give Live”使得社 区里的几代人之间产生了互动，增强了联系，因此她认为这不仅仅是在编织帽子。故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“The rhythmic movements and sense of focus can help keep from symptoms of anxiety, pressure, and stress.( 有节奏的动作和专注感可以帮 助你远离焦虑、压力和紧张的症状。)”可知，编织可以使人专注于一件事而帮助远离焦虑， 压力，紧张，使人放松。故选 A 项。 【7 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句内容“A social enterprise is a hybrid of a charity and a business”，其之后的 of 短语起到修饰作用，“a charity and a business(一个慈善机 构和一个企业)”是两件不同的事情，说明划线单词应是这两件事的“结合”。且后文对其进 行了具体解释：It’s about having the head of a business, the heart of a charity and - 9 - the hands of the community.( 它是关于拥有一个企业的首脑，一个慈善机构的心脏和社区 的手。)，同样可知，划线单词“hybrid”包含的内容较广，是这些内容的结合或混合。因此 可推知，划线单词“hybrid”应是表达“结合/混合”含义。故选 C 项。 【点睛】细节理解题 考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义 类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章 中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。 比如文章第 3 小题： 3. According to the text, what effect does knitting have on people? A. It makes them relaxed. B. It makes them hopeful. C. It makes them energetic. D. It makes them courageous. 根据题干线索“effect”，利用寻读法定位文章第五段内容“The rhythmic movements and sense of focus can help keep from symptoms of anxiety, pressure, and stress.”可 知有节奏的动作和专注感可以帮助人远离焦虑、压力和紧张的症状。在选项中并未存在与原 文一模一样的语句表达，但是，根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句可知，选项 A. It makes them relaxed.意为“它使他们放松。”实则与原文表达含义一致。因此答案为 A 项。 C People who volunteer because they want to help others live longer than people who don't volunteer at all. But on average those who volunteer mainly for some sort of personal benefit live no longer than non-volunteers, University of Michigan researchers found. “On the surface, volunteering seems to be a purely selfless act. But, in fact, people volunteer for a wide range of reasons," said Sara Konrath, the lead author of the study. Konrath and his colleagues analyzed the data that were collected in 2014 and included 3,376 men and women who were about 65 years old at the time. Overall, they found that 57 percent of those surveyed reported doing at least some volunteer work in the past 10 years. Participants were contacted again four years later, in 2018. Researchers found - 10 - that just 2.3 percent of the volunteers had died, compared to 4.3 percent of non-volunteers. What really made a difference were people's motives for volunteering, the researchers found. The more people wanted to help others, the more likely they were to be alive after four years. Those who considered motives related to personal benefits more important were more likely to die. In fact, those who volunteered for personal benefits were just as likely to die as those who didn't volunteer at all. These reasons included volunteering because they enjoyed the social contact, to get out of the house, to escape their own problems, or to explore their own strengths. “Our analysis clearly shows the importance of motives when considering the health benefits of volunteering, Konrath said. “And research has shown that concern about others helps us tap into the same system that operates in mothers and other caregivers. Basically, this system restores physiological function and promotes well- being." In the meantime , Konrath says the current finding suggests it may be a poor idea to encourage people to think of volunteering as an exchange rather than something you do for other people. “Of course, it's reasonable for volunteers to expect some benefits for themselves, but the potential health benefits of volunteering are significantly reduced if self- benefit becomes a person's main motive," she said. 8. Why did Konrath and his colleagues conduct the survey? A. To see how volunteering affected one's health. B. To give the participants volunteering opportunities. C. To teach the participants how to live longer. D. To contact the participants again four years later. 9. According to the text, how much people benefit from volunteering depends on__________. A. how many people they help B. how much they do for others C. how many personal benefits they get D. how much they want to help others 10. What does the underlined word “exchange” in Paragraph 7 refer to? A. Help from others. B. Thanks from others. - 11 - C. Personal benefits from volunteering. D. Communication between volunteers. 11. Which of the following may have an effect on our health? A. Ages for volunteering. B. Motives for volunteering. C. Ways of volunteering. D. Decisions about volunteering. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。因为想帮助别人而去做志愿者的人比那些根本不做志愿者的人活得更长。 密歇根大学的研究人员发现，平均而言，那些主要为了某种个人利益而自愿的人并不比非自 愿的人活得更长。文章介绍了他们的研究过程以及研究人员发现，真正起作用的是人们志愿 服务的动机。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段 Participants were contacted again four years later, in 2018. Researchers found that just 2.3 percent of the volunteers had died, compared to 4.3 percent of non-volunteers.可知四年后，也就是 2018 年，他们再次联系了参与者。研究人 员发现，只有 2.3%的志愿者已经死亡，而非志愿者的死亡比例为 4.3%。由此可推知，研究人 员将 3376 位老人作为调查对象是要了解这些人在 4 年后的生死的情况，即 Konrath 和他的同 事们要进行这项调查是为了研究志愿活动如何影响一个人的健康。故选 A。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中 What really made a difference were people's motives for volunteering, the researchers found. The more people wanted to help others, the more likely they were to be alive after four years.可知研究人员发现，真正起作用的是人 们志愿服务的动机。想要帮助别人的人越多，他们在四年后活下来的可能性就越大。由此可 知，人们从志愿活动中获益的多少取决于他们有多想帮助别人。故选 D。 【10 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Of course, it's reasonable for volunteers to expect some benefits for themselves, but the potential health benefits of volunteering are significantly reduced if self- benefit becomes a person's main motive," she said. 可知她说:“当然，志愿者希望自己得到一些好处是合理的，但如果一个人的主要动机是自我 利益，那么志愿活动对健康的潜在好处就会大大减少。”由此可知，目前的研究结果表明， 鼓励人们把志愿活动看作一种可以从中得到个人利益的志愿服务，而不是你为他人做的事情， - 12 - 可能是个糟糕的主意。由此可知，划线单词“exchange”意思为“可以得到个人利益的志愿 服务”。故选 C。 【11 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中 What really made a difference were people's motives for volunteering, the researchers found.可知研究人员发现，真正起作用的是人们志愿服务 的动机。由此可知，志愿服务的动机对我们的健康有影响。故选 B。 D The human eye can physically perceive(感知) millions of colours. But we don't all recognise these colours in the same way. Colour perception is less about seeing what is actually out there and more about how our brain interprets colours to create something meaningful. The perception of colour mainly occurs inside our heads and is closely related to personal experience. Different languages and cultural groups carve up the colour spectrum differently. Some languages like Dani, spoken in Papua New Guinea, and Bassa, spoken in Liberia, only have two terms, dark and light. Dark roughly translates as cool in those languages, and light as warm. So colours like black, blue, and green are cool colours, while lighter colours like white, red, orange and yellow are warm colours. Remarkably , most of the world's languages have five basic colour terms. Cultures as diverse as the Himba in the Namibian plains and the Berinmo in the rainforests of Papua New Guinea employ such five term systems. As well as dark, light, and red, these languages have a term for yellow, and a term that represents both blue and green. That is, these languages do not have separate terms for “green” and “blue” but use one term to describe both colours, a sort of “grue”. Historically, Welsh had a “grue” term, namely “glas”, as did Japanese and Chinese. Nowadays, in all these languages, the original “grue” term has been restricted to blue, and a separate green term is used. This is either developed from within the language—as is the case for Japanese—or through lexical borrowing, as is the case for Welsh. The way we perceive colours can also change during our lifetime. Greek speakers, who have two fundamental colour terms to describe light and dark blue (“ghalazio” - 13 - and “ble”)，tend to see these two colours as more similar after living for long periods of time in the UK. There, these two colours are described in English by the same fundamental colour term: blue. This is because after long term everyday exposure to an English-speaking environment, the brain of native Greek speakers starts interpreting the colours “ghalazio” and “ble” as part of the same colour category. 12. Which of the following can be best used to describe colour perception? A. Subjective. B. Realistic. C. Reliable. D. Helpful. 13. What did the original grue term in Chinese represent? A. Glas. B. Green. C. Blue. D. Green and blue. 14. What is the probable reason that there are no terms for light and dark blue in English? A. English speakers can hardly perceive the color blue. B. The two colours make little difference to English speakers. C. There is no need to distinguish between the two colours. D. The two colours are not so important to English speakers. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Colour Terms Vary from Country to Country B. Languages Change What Colours We See C. Languages Influence the Ability to Perceive Colours D. Colours Change with Language Development 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。人类对色彩的感知是主观的，正是这一特性导致了语言能够改变人们看到 的颜色。文章说明了不同的语言和文化群体对颜色谱的划分是不同的，以及世界上大多数语 言都有五个基本的颜色术语和感知颜色的方式发生变化的例子。 【12 题详解】 - 14 - 推理判断题。根据第二段 Colour perception is less about seeing what is actually out there and more about how our brain interprets colours to create something meaningful. The perception of colour mainly occurs inside our heads and is closely related to personal experience.可知色彩感知不是看外面到底是什么，而是我们的大脑如何解读色彩， 创造出有意义的东西。对颜色的感知主要发生在我们的大脑中，与个人经验密切相关。由此 可推知，对色彩的感知主要发生在我们的头脑中，与个人的经历密切相关，因而是主观的。 故选 A。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中 That is, these languages do not have separate terms for “green” and “blue” but use one term to describe both colours, a sort of “grue”. 可知也就是说，这些语言没有单独的术语“绿色”和“蓝色”，而是使用一个术语来描述这 两种颜色，一种“grue”。以及第五段中 Historically, Welsh had a “grue” term, namely “glas”, as did Japanese and Chinese.可知历史上，威尔士语有一个“grue”术语，即 “glas”，日语和汉语也是如此。由此可知，中文中 grue 代表绿蓝色。故选 D。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 Greek speakers, who have two fundamental colour terms to describe light and dark blue (“ghalazio” and “ble”)，tend to see these two colours as more similar after living for long periods of time in the UK. There, these two colours are described in English by the same fundamental colour term: blue.可知说 希腊语的人有两个基本的颜色术语来描述浅蓝色和深蓝色（“ghalazio”和“ble”），在英 国生活了很长一段时间后，他们倾向于认为这两种颜色更相似。在英语中，这两种颜色用同 一个基本颜色术语来描述：蓝色。由此可推知，英语中没有关于浅蓝色和深蓝色的术语，可 能的原因是这两种颜色对说英语的人来说没什么区别。故选 B。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段 Colour perception is less about seeing what is actually out there and more about how our brain interprets colours to create something meaningful. The perception of colour mainly occurs inside our heads and is closely related to personal experience.可知色彩感知不是看外面到底是什么，而是我们的大脑如何解读色彩， 创造出有意义的东西。对颜色的感知主要发生在我们的大脑中，与个人经验密切相关。结合 文章主要围绕着，人类对色彩的感知是主观的，正是这一特性导致了语言能够改变人们看到 - 15 - 的颜色。文章说明了不同的语言和文化群体对颜色谱的划分是不同的，以及世界上大多数语 言都有五个基本的颜色术语和感知颜色的方式发生变化的例子。由此可知，B 选项“语言改变 我们看到的颜色”最符合文章标题，故选 B。 第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。 Believe it or not, one of the most important communication skills is listening! ____16____, but if you don't listen carefully when others speak, you're losing out in a big way. Good communication requires not only speaking your piece, but the exchange of ideas is an essential component. Many people fail to recognize the importance of improving listening skills in making friends. ___17___It's only natural—we all have a lot to say about ourselves and our interests, right? But asking questions of another person and then listening carefully is a good way to break the ice and make friends. And it's also an excellent way for you to learn something new. ____18____. Make a point of going and talking to the girl wearing a Save the Whales T-shirt. Although this person may be shy, try to draw her out of her shell. Ask her a question about the whale's plight（困境）and listen to what she says. It's likely you'll make a new friend as well as learn several new facts. In the class that you're sure will put you to sleep, try listening closely to what the speaker is saying. Chances are good that you only find it dull because the speaker doesn't communicate well or you are simply not interested.____19____You'll not only find your listening skills improving, but you'll also benefit the speaker and probably receive a better grade! ___20___ Focus your mind on learning what others think and you'll gain a reputation as a great conversationalist. You'll not only make some new acquaintances, but you'll also be truly amazed at what you learn! A. They usually tend to show kindness by talking warmly B. Let's say you're at a party where you know few of the guests C. So, asking questions in class can benefit students a lot academically - 16 - D. You may be the finest speaker around E. In short, the best way to improve listening skills is to engage yourself in conversation F. Ask a question that makes him want to clarify his point G. They love to talk about themselves 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. F 20. E 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了提高倾听能力的重要性以及提供了提高倾听能力的解决方案。 【16 题详解】 由下句提到“但如果你在别人讲话时不仔细倾听，你就会损失惨重”可知，该句和划线部分 构成转折。D 选项“你可能是周围最优秀的演讲者”。切题。故选 D 项。 【17 题详解】 上一句提到“许多人没有认识到在交朋友时提高倾听技能的重要性”。承接上文。G 项“他们 喜欢谈论自己”。切题。同时划线后句“这是很自然的，我们都有很多关于自己和兴趣的事 情要说，不是吗?”It 指代划线处的“谈论自己”。是对 G 选项进行补充说明。故选 G 项。 【18 题详解】 划线后面提到“去和那个穿着“拯救鲸鱼”T 恤的女孩交谈，问她一个问题关于鲸鱼的困境, 听她说什么。你可能会结交新朋友，也学到一些新知识。”承接下文，B 选项“假设你在一个 聚会上，你认识的客人很少”切题。划线后的内容是对选项 B 所提出假设问题的解决方案。 故选 B 项。 【19 题详解】 上一句提到“很有可能你只是因为演讲者沟通不好或者你根本不感兴趣而觉得枯燥乏味”。 承接上文。选项 F“问一个让他想澄清自己观点的问题”。是对上句提到的现象提出了解决方 案。同时又和下句“你不仅会发现你的听力技巧在提高，而且你也会让演讲者受益，而且可 能会得到更好的分数！”相呼应。故选 F 项。 【20 题详解】 划线后面提到“集中精力了解别人的想法，这样你就会获得一个很好的交谈者的名声。”E 选 项“简而言之，提高倾听技巧的最好方法就是让自己投入到对话中”和下句相互呼应的同时 也对前文进行了总结。故选 E 项。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） - 17 - 第一节 （共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处 的最佳 选项。 Food waste is a big problem in America. So is hunger. The National Institute of Health estimates that, as a ___21___, Americans waste 40 percent of the food we produce. At the same time, roughly 50 million people in the US don't have ___22___ enough food. That's more than 15 percent of the ___23___—or nearly one in six people. Food waste is not only a ___24___ cost, but it causes environmental problems. When cut off from oxygen, food creates methane(甲烷) gas and ___25___ global warming. The fuel that is burned to process and transport it ___26___ adds to the environmental cost. That was why Komal Ahmad, a 25-year-old university student, came up with the ___27___ for Feeding Forward, a mobile phone app that ___28___ companies and event planners to donate ___29___ food to people in need—with an easy click of the_____30_____ _____31_____a football stadium filled to its brim(边缘),” Ahmad said. “That's _____32_____ food goes wasted every single day in America.” Through the app, people ____33____ Feeding Forward drivers where they're located so the drivers can ____34____ the food, which is then quickly taken to where it's ____35____most. Within a year of the app's launch, ____36____600,000 homeless people have been fed with about 690,000 pounds of food redistributed, which would have ____37____ ended up in the landfill(垃圾场). Feeding Forward solves the problems of food waste and ____38____ At present， it only serves the San Francisco Bay Area, but that could ____39____ “We are trying to make the Bay Area a case study to say ‘Hey, if it works ____40____ , it can work anywhere ,’” Ahmad said. 21. A. team B. nation C. generation D. community 22. A. access to B. time for C. plans for D. interest - 18 - in 23. A. food B. homeless C. consumers D. population 24. A. social B. productive C. special D. low 25. A. points to B. refers to C. contributes to D. devotes to 26. A. thus B. also C. even D. then 27. A. purpose B. view C. idea D. conclusion 28. A. urges B. persuades C. requires D. allows 29. A. extra B. wasted C. rare D. saved 30. A. television B. bell C. button D. computer 31. A. Compare B. Build C. Choose D. Imagine 32. A. how B. how much C. where D. why 33. A. recommend B. convince C. ask D. tell 34. A. collect B. deliver C. check D. preserve 35. A. stored B. sold C. needed D. finished 36. A. almost B. still C. merely D. hardly 37. A. ever B. eventually C. instead D. otherwise 38. A. pollution B. hunger C. overpopulation D. unemployment 39. A. succeed B. continue C. change D. work 40. A. worldwide B. here C. anytime D. soon 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。如今美国存在一方面有许多食物浪费，另一方面又有很多人没有足够的食 物的现象。对此，25 岁的大学生 Komal Ahmad 想出了一个名为“Feeding Forward”的手机应 - 19 - 用程序，可以帮助人们将额外的食物捐赠给有需要的人，“Feeding Forward”发布的一年就 取得了显著成果且将来可能会应用到其他地区。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：国家健康研究所估计，作为一个国家，美国人浪费了我们生产的 食物的 40%。A. team 队伍；B. nation 国家，民族；C. generation 一代人；D. community 社区。根据上文 Food waste is a big problem in America.可知此处指的是美国这个国家， 故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：同时，美国大约有 5000 万人口无法获得足够的食物。A. access to 可 以获得；B. time for 有时间；C. plans for 有打算；D. interest in 对……有兴趣。结合 上文 At the same time, roughly 50 million people in the US don't have 可知美国大约 有 5000 万人口无法获得足够的食物。短语 have access to“可以获得”。故选 A。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这超过了总人口的 15%，或者说接近六分之一。A. food 食物；B. homeless 无家可归的人；C. consumers 顾客；D. population 人口。根据上文 At the same time, roughly 50 million people in the US don't have 可知此处是在说明美国有大约 5000 万人 口无法获得足够的食物，这一人数超过了总人口的 15%。故选 D。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：食物浪费不仅是一种社会成本的浪费，而且还会造成环境问题。 A. social 社会的；B. productive 多产的；C. special 特别的；D. low 低的。上文提到的 美国有大约 5000 万人口无法获得足够的食物，这是食物浪费所产生的社会成本的浪费，故选 A。 【25 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当食物与氧气隔绝时，会产生甲烷气体，导致全球变暖。A. points to 表明；B. refers to 涉及；C. contributes to 促成，有助于；D. devotes to 致力于。 根据后文 global warming 可知甲烷气体会导致全球变暖。短语 contribute to 可表示“是（造 成某情况）的一个原因”。故选 C。 【26 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在加工和运输过程中燃烧的燃料也增加了环境成本。A. thus 因此； B. also 而且；C. even 甚至；D. then 然后。根据 adds to the environmental cost 可知， - 20 - 在加工和运输过程中燃烧的燃料也（also）增加了环境成本。故选 B。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么 25 岁的大学生 Komal Ahmad 想出了“Feeding Forward”这个想法。A. purpose 目的；B. view 视野；C. idea 想法；D. conclusion 结论。 根据后文 for Feeding Forward, a mobile phone app 可知 25 岁的大学生 Komal Ahmad 想出 了“Feeding Forward”这个想法（idea）。故选 C。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一款手机应用程序，允许企业和活动策划者向有需要的人捐 赠额外的食物——只需简单地点击一下按钮。A. urges 敦促；B. persuades 说服；C. requires 要求；D. allows 允许。结合后文 companies and event planners to donate 可知“Feeding Forward”这款应用程序可以允许企业和活动策划者向有需要的人捐赠额外的食物。短语 allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故选 D。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一款手机应用程序，允许企业和活动策划者向有需要的人 捐赠额外的食物——只需简单地点击一下按钮。A. extra 额外的；B. wasted 浪费的；C. rare 稀有的；D. saved 拯救。要捐赠的肯定是额外多出来的食物。故选 A。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一款手机应用程序，允许企业和活动策划者向有需要的人捐 赠额外的食物——只需简单地点击一下按钮。A. television 电视；B. bell 铃；C. button 按钮；D. computer 电脑。根据上文 an easy click of the 可知这个手机应用程序只需要简 单地点击一下程序上的按钮，就可以给有需要的人捐赠额外的食物。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“想象一下，一个足球场挤满了人。” Ahmad 说道。A. Compare 比较；B. Build 建立；C. Choose 选择；D. Imagine 想象。根据后文 a football stadium filled to its brim,” Ahmad said.可知此处是在用足球场挤满了人作比喻，因此是“想象一下 （Imagine），一个足球场挤满了人”。故选 D。 【32 题详解】 考查连接词辨析。句意：“这就是美国每天有多少食物被浪费的情况。”A. how 如何；B. how much 多少；C. where 在……地方；D. why 为什么。此处用来形容每天被浪费食物的数量之多， 应用 how much。故选 B。 - 21 - 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这款应用，人们可以告诉 Feeding Forward 的司机他们所处 的位置，这样司机就可以收集食物，然后迅速将食物送到最需要的地方。A. recommend 推荐； B. convince 说服；C. ask 询问；D. tell 告诉。根据后文 Feeding Forward drivers where they're located 可知此处指人们可以告诉 Feeding Forward 的司机他们所处的位置。故选 D。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这款应用，人们可以告诉 Feeding Forward 的司机他们所处 的位置，这样司机就可以收集食物，然后迅速将食物送到最需要的地方。A. collect 收集；B. deliver 交付；C. check 检查；D. preserve 保存。结合后文 the food, which is then quickly taken to where 可知人们先告诉 Feeding Forward 的司机他们所处的位置，这样司机就可以 去收集这些食物，然后迅速将食物送到最需要的地方。故选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这款应用，人们可以告诉前方的司机他们所处的位置，这样 司机就可以收集食物，然后迅速将食物送到最需要的地方。A. stored 储存；B. sold 出售； C. needed 需要；D. finished 结束。结合后文 600,000 homeless people have been fed with about 690,000 pounds of food redistributed 可知食物被送到最需要的地方了。故选 C。 【36 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这款应用发布的一年内，几乎有 60 万无家可归的人得到了重新 分配的约 69 万磅食物，否则这些食物就会被扔进垃圾填埋场。A. almost 几乎；B. still 仍 然；C. merely 仅仅；D. hardly 几乎不。结合后文 600,000 homeless people have been fed with about 690,000 pounds of food redistributed 可知几乎有 60 万无家可归的人得到了 重新分配的约 69 万磅食物，其他选项不符合语境。故选 A。 【37 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这款应用发布的一年内，几乎有 60 万无家可归的人得到了重新 分配的约 69 万磅食物，否则这些食物就会被扔进垃圾填埋场。A. ever 曾经；B. eventually 终于；C. instead 相反；D. otherwise 否则。这款应用重新分配了食物，否则（otherwise）， 这些食物就会被扔进垃圾填埋场。故选 D. 【38 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Feeding Forward 解决了食物浪费和饥饿的问题。A. pollution 污染；B. hunger 饥饿；C. overpopulation 人口过多；D. unemployment 失业。承接第一段 - 22 - Food waste is a big problem in America. So is hunger.可知 Feeding Forward 解决了食 物浪费和饥饿的问题。故选 B。 【39 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，它只服务于旧金山湾区，但这种情况可能会改变。A. succeed 成功；B. continue 继续；C. change 改变；D. work 工作。根据后文 it can work anywhere 可知 Feeding Forward 只服务于旧金山湾区这个情况可能未来会发生改变。故选 C。 【40 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ahmad 说:“我们正试图让湾区成为一个案例研究，告诉人们‘嘿， 如果它在这里行得通，它就可以在任何地方行得通。’”A. worldwide 在世界各地；B. here 在这里；C. anytime 任何时候；D. soon 很快。结合后文 it can work anywhere 可知，此处 想表达的是如果 Feeding Forward 在旧金山湾区这儿行得通，那么就可以在任何地方行得通。 故选 B。 第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our fearful society has locked down most of what older generations used ___41___(take) for granted, especially unscheduled and unsupervised(无人监督的)play, or free play, for children, just the thought of ___42___, these days, gives the average mom a mild heart attack. As a matter of fact, however, free play is one of ___43___ most valuable educational opportunities ___44___ (provide) for our children, and it is nature's means of teaching children that they are not helpless. In free play, away ___45___ adults, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their own problems, and get along with others as equals. It's time we gave children the ___46___(free) to think and experience 'outside the box'. Their viewpoints and preferences show us that what children think is not ___47___ (necessary) what their parents think they think. Children are not robots — they are unique. They should ___48___ (give) the space to be children, in the way that only they know how. Expecting children to know how to make wise decisions and look after ___49___ (they) when we limit their opportunities to do that ____50____ (make) about as much sense as expecting them to know how to drive safely without ever - 23 - letting them practice. 【答案】41. to take 42. which 43. the 44. provided 45. from 46. freedom 47. necessarily 48. be given 49. themselves 50. makes 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。讲述了给予孩子们无人监督的玩耍的必要性和意义。 【41 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句中固定搭配：used to do “过去常常做某事”，根据此搭配可知，此处 应填 to take。故填 to take。 【42 题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个复合句，其中主句是 Our fearful society has locked down most of what older generations used to take for granted, especially unscheduled and unsupervised play, or free play, for children, 所以其 后为非限制性定语从句。先行词 unscheduled and unsupervised(无人监督的)play, or free play, for children,所以关系代词为 which。作 of 的宾语。故填 which。 【43 题详解】 考查定冠词。one of 后接形容词最高级，最高级前用定冠词 the。故填 the。 【44 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，主句 free play is one of the most valuable educational opportunities,是主系表结构，因而其后的动词要用非谓语动词；opportunities 与 provide 之间为动宾关系，过去分词表示完成、被动的含义，所以要用 provided。故填 provided。 【45 题详解】 考查介词。固定搭配：away from “远离”，所以要用介词 from。故填 from。 【46 题详解】 考查名词。根据冠词用法，冠词常放在名词之前。句中空白处之前有定冠词 the，可知此处要 - 24 - 用名词，作 give 的宾语。故填 freedom。 【47 题详解】 考查副词。分析句子可知 what children think 为宾语从句主语，what their parents think 为宾语从句的表语，所以用副词修饰表语从句。故填 necessarily。 【48 题详解】 考查被动语态。根据语境，孩子们应该被给予空间。所以语态上表示被动。情态动词的被动 语态结构为：情态动词+be +过去分词，所以，此处要填 be given。故填 be given。 【49 题详解】 考查反身代词。分析句子可知，本句中孩子们照顾的是自己，主语和宾语一致，因而此时宾 语要用反身代词。they 的反身代词是 themselves，故填 themselves。 【50 题详解】 考查一般现在时。句中主语为 Expecting children to know how to make wise decisions and look after themselves when we limit their opportunities to do that,为动名词短语做 主语，因而谓语动词要用单数形式，结合全文，时态用的是一般现在时，所以此处 makes。故 填 makes。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或 修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1 .每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 The other day, we were playing basketball together when Mike and Bill bumped into each other, tried to catch the ball. Then he started shouting and yelling and it soon turned into terrible quarrel. Just then Jack went up to them and said something at a low voice. Almost at the same time, Mike and Bill all said “sorry” and shook hand with each other. Do you know what did Jack said? “Nothing’s sweet than forgiveness.” Yes, what - 25 - we can learn from the story is forgiveness, what is a most beautiful form of love and help us to live together in harmony whatever happens. 【答案】1. tried → trying 2. he → they 3. 在 terrible quarrel 前加 a 4. at → in 5. all → both 6. hand → hands 7. 去掉 did 8. sweet → sweeter 9. what → which 10. help → helps 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。讲述了我们在打篮球时，Mike 和 Bill 起了争执，在 Jack 劝说下彼此原谅 的故事。 【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词“try”与逻辑主语“Mike and Bill”之间是主动 关系，应该用现在分词。故将 tried 改为 trying。 2. 考查代词。由上文可知 Mike 和 Bill 撞到一起了，此处代词代指他们两个人，且此处代词 在句中作主语，应该用代词主格 they。故将 he 改为 they。 3. 考查不定冠词。此处表示吵了一架，是泛指，不定冠词 a 修饰名词短语 terrible quarrel， 且 terrible 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故在 terrible quarrel 前加 a。 4. 考查固定搭配。固定搭配 in a low voice 意为“低声”。故将 at 改为 in。 5. 考查代词。all 意为“都”，用于三者及三者以上；both 意为“两者都”，用于两者之间。 此处主语是“Mike and Bill”，是两个人。故将 all 改为 both。 6. 考查固定搭配。短语 shake hands 意为“握手”。故将 hand 改为 hands。 7. 考查宾语从句。分析句子成分可知，“what did Jack said”作动词“know”的宾语，是 宾语从句，宾语从句应该是陈述语序。故将 did 去掉。 8. 考查形容词比较级。根据句中关键词“than”可知此处应该是形容词 sweet 的比较级 sweeter。故将 sweet 改为 sweeter。 - 26 - 9. 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子成分可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前边的 “forgiveness”，指物，在从句中作主语，应该用关系词 which 引导。故将 what 改为 which。 10. 考查主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，时态为一般现在时，句中的主语是关系词 which，也 就是先行词 forgiveness，forgiveness 意为“原谅”，是不可数名词；根据主谓一致原则， 谓语动词应该用一般现在时的单三形式。故将 help 改为 helps。 【点睛】担当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词等称为先行词， 先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。有时先行词是整个句子。关系词可以指代先行词，因此在 从句中不能再重复先行词或指先行词的代词。引导定语从句的连接词称作关系词。关系词 which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，通常在句中作主语、宾语。分析小题九的句 子成分可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前边的“forgiveness”，指物，在从句中 作主语，应该用关系词 which 引导。故将 what 改为 which。 第二节书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假定你是李华，请给你的外籍教师 Mr. Smith 写封邮件，建议以“Humans and wild animals”为主题开展一些英语课堂活动。邮件内容包括： 1.你的建议； 2.建议的理由。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. Smith, I have a suggestion for you. How do you like the idea of bringing the topic “Humans and wild animals" to our English classes? I came up with the idea due to the phenomenon that many people are still hunting wild animals for food, which will seriously affect - 27 - the balance of nature and lead to many deaths caused by a deadly virus from these animals. The classroom activities will help to develop our ability to communicate with people worldwide about the problem so that we can share the responsibility to protect wild animals and live in harmony with them. I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件给外籍教师 Mr. Smith，建议他以“Humans and wild animals”为主题开展一些英语课堂活动。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1. 你的建议； 2. 建议的理由。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） come up with；due to；lead to；communicate with；share the responsibility；live in harmony with；take sth. into consideration 第三步：连词成句 1. I came up with the idea due to the phenomenon that many people are still hunting wild animals for food, which will seriously affect the balance of nature and lead to many deaths caused by a deadly virus from these animals. 2. The classroom activities will help to develop our ability to communicate with people worldwide about the problem so that we can share the responsibility to protect wild animals and live in harmony with them. 3. I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. (根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。） - 28 - 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause(从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5 表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say, 6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking 8.表选择：either…or…，or 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意 思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如 which will seriously affect the balance of nature and lead to many deaths caused by a deadly virus from these animals 这句话中用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如 come up with，communicate with，live in harmony with，take sth. into consideration 等，为 文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章 思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 29 -