【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九 ‎[一]‎ When slaves were first brought over from West Africa to the southern parts of America, they brought along with them aspects of their own culture — religion, dance, language, music, and cuisine. A mix of the two cultures eventually appeared. The religious dance of the ring shout turned into modern dances like the Charleston, and tribal chants slowly transformed into sorrowful hymns (圣歌) sung by slaves that described their hardships.‎ These soulful accounts by slaves of the severe climate and conditions began to be called “the blues”， which continued in popularity among African Americans after the Civil War. This music increased in popularity into the early 1900s when many black musicians became an important part of the music industry.‎ The slaves that had been brought over were from all different regions of West Africa, but they worked together until they gradually formed a common culture. This strengthened the identity of their music that, in the 1950s, eventually led to the beginning of rock and roll. The Beatles, the most influential band of the 1960s, are often determined as the accelerator that resulted in the ideology (意识形态) surrounding music that is still around today. The freedom and individuality associated with that time period brought forth a whole culture surrounding music. It was not just music any more, but a lifestyle.‎ Over the decades, music has developed into such a vital part of society and pop culture. Musicians are glorified, with tons of adoring and screaming fans. The modern technology of present day has allowed for a greater gap between the creator of the music and the fans, as well as the widespread commercialization of music.However, criticisms of modern pop music often arise due to its mass production, and now there is lack of the same soul and quality of naturalness and simplicity in music that was rising in the early 20th century.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当奴隶开始被从西非带到美国南部时，他们也带来了自己的文化——宗教、舞蹈、语言、音乐和烹饪。本文主要讲的是音乐在文化融合中的发展。‎ ‎12．What contributed to the birth of the Charleston?‎ A．Various African religions.‎ B．People’s love of tribal dances.‎ C．A mix of two different cultures.‎ D．The popularity of sorrowful hymns.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A mix of the two cultures eventually appeared. The religious dance of the ring shout turned into modern dances like the Charleston”可知，两种文化的混合促进了Charleston的出现。故选C。‎ ‎13．According to the passage, what can we learn about the blues?‎ A．It became popular in the late 20th century.‎ B．It may include the description of slaves’ sad lives.‎ C．It mainly told the stories of the American Civil War.‎ D．It reflected the hard lives of many black musicians.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These soulful accounts by slaves of the severe climate and conditions began to be called ’the blues’”可知，对在苛刻的气候和环境下工作的奴隶的那些深情凄婉的描述被称作“the blues”。故选B。‎ ‎14．What does the underlined word “This” in the third paragraph refer to?‎ A．Slaves’ collective work.‎ B．One region of West Africa.‎ C．The new common culture.‎ D．The music by the Beatles.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。根据画线词前的“they worked together until they gradually formed a common culture. This strengthened ...”可知，他们一起工作直到他们逐渐形成一种共同的文化。故选C。‎ ‎15．It can be learned that the music in the early 20th century ________.‎ A．possessed soul and sincerity B．became more commercialized C．was blamed for its mass production D．widened the gap between musicians and fans 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“and now there is lack of the same soul and quality of naturalness and simplicity in music that was rising in the early 20th century”可知，选A。‎ ‎[二]‎ I passed my driving test at the fourth attempt. You might think that means I’m not as safe as someone who passed on their first attempt. But would you feel safer with no driver at all? Maybe not, and that’s why automotive firms have included driverassist functions in their driverless cars. This allows the human driver to take over if there is a problem.‎ Google is one producer that has prototype driverless cars. These cars have been newly equipped with autosteering wheels and conventional controls to allow normal driving. But this is just a stage — the vision is to have fully automated cars very soon. The director of Google’s selfdrive project, Chris Urmson, hopes his 11yearold son will never have to take a driving test. To achieve that, the cars need to be on the roads in five years. He says driverless cars will greatly reduce accidents and traffic jams.‎ According to Chris, about 1.2 million people are killed on the roads around the world each ‎ year. That number is equivalent to a jet falling out of the sky every day. He thinks gradual changes to existing car designs are not enough to deal with the problems. “If we are really going to make changes to our cities, get rid of parking lots, we need selfdrive cars，” he says.‎ Google’s prototypes have covered over a million kilometers on the road. They have also had to deal with unexpected situations, such as a child driving a toy car in the road, and a woman in an electric wheelchair chasing a duck. In each case, the car reacted safely.‎ Some are not convinced. Sven Beiker of Stanford University thinks driverless cars will still need human input in extreme circumstances.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。无人驾驶汽车尽管能够减少交通事故和交通堵塞，但是，它的安全性还有待验证。‎ ‎8．According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s chief concern about driverless cars?‎ A．Functions. B．Safety.‎ C．Price. D．Appearance.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句“But would you feel ... in their driverless cars.”可知，作者主要关心的是无人驾驶汽车的安全问题。故选B。‎ ‎9．Chris Urmson mentioned his 11yearold son in order to show that ________.‎ A．traditional cars are harmful for kids B．his son is not good at driving C．his son is a slow learner in driving D．driverless cars will come soon 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二、三句可知，Chris Urmson希望他11岁的儿子将来不用参加驾照考试。为了实现这个愿望，无人驾驶汽车须在5年之内上市，即在他的儿子16岁之前。由此可知，Chris Urmson提到他儿子是为了说明无人驾驶汽车很快就能被生产出来。故选D。‎ ‎10．What is Chris Urmson’s comment on selfdrive cars?‎ A．They can solve many existing problems.‎ B．They are safer than a jet plane.‎ C．They can completely change our cities.‎ D．They should change gradually.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“He says driverless cars will greatly ... jams.”和第三段最后一句“’If we are really ...’ he says.”可知，无人驾驶汽车可以减少交通事故、交通堵塞和停车场拥挤等现存的问题。故选A。‎ ‎11．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．Google’s prototypes will be tested on the roads soon.‎ B．Selfdrive cars are not designed for children or women.‎ C．Concerns remain about the reliability of selfdrive cars.‎ D．Driving tests will be easier to pass in the near future.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some are not convinced ... in extreme circumstances.”可知，Sven Beiker认为在极端环境下，无人驾驶汽车还是需要人工来操作。由此可推知，有些人还是担心无人驾驶汽车的安全问题。故选C。‎ ‎[三]‎ The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels, but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float.‎ An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100,the UN’s climate change experts have warned.‎ President Mohamed Nasheed has declared a fight for survival, and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study suggestions for a floating structure that could support a conference centre,homes and an 18-hole golf course.‎ The company, Dutch Docklands, is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai. Its website said it undertook projects that make “land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”.‎ The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness. The city, which has a population of 100,000,is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall, and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to fight climate change.‎ Nasheed, who held the world’s first underwater cabinet(内阁) meeting in October to highlight his people’s serious and difficult situation, has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completely covered.‎ He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral(碳中和)” by 2020.His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是生态环保类阅读。讲述马尔代夫人民面对海平面的上升不得不考虑如何应对被淹没的可能。现在他们开始在首都附近建了一个人工岛Hulhumale,现在已经有30,000多人搬到了这个岛上,缓解了一些压力。最后文章呼吁人们减少二氧化碳的排放。‎ ‎1. Which of the following about the Maldives is right according to the passage?‎ A. It is made up of many small islands.‎ B. It has been covered by water now.‎ C. Its people live in underwater houses.‎ D. Its people live in their floating homes.‎ 答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段“An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100”可知,马尔代夫由很多小岛组成,预计2100年可能被水淹没,不是现在,所以A项正确,而B项错误;再根据第一段“but the government said on Thursday it was ‎ looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float.”可知C项和D项错误。答案为A项。‎ ‎2. What probably is the reason why Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands for his plan?‎ A. It has a good fame throughout the world.‎ B. It charged much less than other companies.‎ C. It has experience in building floating structures.‎ D. It supports building floating structures in the world.‎ 答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段“Its website said it undertook projects that make‘land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land’”可知,这家公司的网站上显示他们曾经承担过类似的在水上建造建筑物的任务,所以答案为C项。‎ ‎3. Why did the Maldives begin to build the Hulhumale?‎ A. Because it could attract more visitors.‎ B. Because the country intended to make it a new capital.‎ C. Because it could fight against climate change.‎ D. Because it could make the capital less crowded.‎ 答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段“The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.”可知,建立Hulhumale的目的是为了减轻首都的交通拥堵状况。答案为D项。‎ ‎4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A. To promote the idea of low-carbon living style.‎ B. To tell people that the Maldives is disappearing soon.‎ C. To discuss the causes why the Maldives faces extinction.‎ D. To introduce the efforts taken by Maldivians to fight for life.‎ 答案D解析意图态度题。文章主要介绍了由于马尔代夫是个岛国,海平面的上升有可能导致这个岛国被淹没,以及马尔代夫为解决人类生存这一问题而采取的措施。‎ ‎[四]‎ Over a hundred years ago in 1911,something strange was found in the glaciers of Antarctica. Crilffith Taylor—an Australian geologist, had discovered a blood red stream pouring out of the ice cascades(瀑布) of Talor Glacier! Popularly known as the Blood Falls, scientists had not been able to find the reason behind the blood red liquid flowing through the ice—until recently. The mystery of the Blood Falls had finally been solved.‎ When these falls were first discovered, scientists had believed that the red colour came from a large amount of red algae(海藻) concentrated in the water. Red algae contain a pigment(色素) which reflects red light, making the algae appear red.‎ This theory made sense, until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red colour of the flowing liquid at all. What really causes Talor Glacier’s waters appear blood red, is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid. The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content, and when this water comes in contact with the air, it turns red—just like rust! The water in these falls is often referred to as “brine” by scientists because of the high salt content in the water.‎ This reasoning behind the red colour of the falls was found back in 2003.However,the entire mystery had not yet been solved. How is it then, that the Blood Falls are not frozen?‎ Researchers at the University of Colorado and University of Alaska found that inside the ‎ glacier, there was a network of channels and reservoirs that move the water around. Salt water has a lower freezing temperature. In addition, when any substance undergoes a change in state, it gives off heat. Therefore, the brine actually warm itself up while it’s freezing! How this works, is that when the brine is flowing through the Talor Glacier, some of it does freeze. As a result of changing state from liquid to ice, the brine gives off heat. This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form, which is why it flows out of the glacier.‎ Incredible new chemistry facts found, and mystery solved!‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是科普知识阅读。一百多年前的1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。科学家一直无法找到红色液体不结冰的原因。直到最近,血瀑布的秘密终于被揭开了:水中富含盐和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。同时,盐分高导致它不结冰。‎ ‎5. How was the red algae theory once considered?‎ A. Ridiculous. B. Reasonable.‎ C. Impractical. D. Complex.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第三段首句“This theory made sense,until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red color of the flowing liquid at all.”可知,这个理论初期被认为是有道理的,直到后来才发现海藻对流动的液体的红色并不起作用,所以答案为B项。make sense“有道理,有意义,讲的通”。‎ ‎6. Why does the Blood Falls look red in colour?‎ A. Because there is too much salt and iron in its water.‎ B. Because its liquid is rich in red algae.‎ C. Because the flowing liquid reflects red sunlight.‎ D. Because the air is thin and rare in Antarctica.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content,and when this water comes in contact with the air,it turns red—just like rust!”可知,因为富含盐分和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。答案为A项。‎ ‎7. What is the main reason for the Blood Falls’ not freezing?‎ A. The water continued flowing constantly.‎ B. There is too much salt in the water.‎ C. The brine gives off heat while freezing.‎ D. Temperatures aren’t high enough for flowing water.‎ 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“As a result of changing state from liquid to ice, the brine gives off heat. This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form, which is why it flows out of the glacier.”可知,从液态到冰态变化时,卤水放出热量。这种热量足以使其余的盐水保持液态,这就是它不结冰的原因。答案为C项。‎ ‎8. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. The discovery of the blood glacier.‎ B. The birth of the Talor Glacier.‎ C. The flowing red water in Antarctica.‎ D. The mystery of the Blood Falls.‎ 答案D 解析主旨大意题。1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。文章重点分析血瀑布产生的原因,揭开神秘面纱,所以答案为D项。‎ ‎[五]‎ The koala is an unusual creature. Native to Australia and a bit bigger than a rabbit, it spends most of its time in eucalyptus trees（桉树）, feeding on leaves that are poisonous to nearly every other animal on the planet.‎ The koala sleeps about 22 hours a day and spends the remainder of its time eating and resting. It might spend 10 minutes a day moving, experts say, usually from one tree to another. It has a soft pad at the end of its spine and extra thick fur on its rear end to make the effort of sitting more comfortable.‎ Threats and protective measures The unique lifestyle of the koala has helped it prosper, but today the cute and iconic creature is facing threats from habitat loss, disease and a changing climate. Koala populations are expected to decline by 50 percent in the next 20 years, according to the Australian Museum.‎ To help protect these animals, which brings in an estimated $1.1 billion to Australia each year through koala-related tourism, an international team of researchers has published the first complete genome（基因组）of the koala. Their hope is that the keys to the marsupial’s（有袋动物）long-term survival might be planted in its genetic code.‎ ‎“The ultimate goal is that we won’t have to… rescue them from the edge of extinction,” said Rebecca Johnson of the Australian Museum Research Institute in Sydney, who led the work.‎ ‎“Now we have a really good understanding of the koala genome, and we are in a fantastic position to use that knowledge to help us manage them.”‎ Early findings An elementary analysis of the koala’s genome, published in Nature Genetics, has already yielded some interesting findings.‎ For example, the authors found that, compared to other mammals, the koala’s DNA includes an expansion in the number of genes that encode for enzymes involved in anti-poison. That allows them to have a diet that depends almost entirely on eucalyptus leaves which are unusually high in poison. However, it also means that koalas metabolize（代谢）medicines like anti-chlamydia antibiotics faster than other animals.‎ The koala genome also revealed why koalas are such famously picky eaters. They are known to consume leaves from just 20 of Australia’s 60 known eucalyptus species. And even when they are in one of their preferred trees, koalas take leaf selection very seriously.‎ Information waiting to be discovered Johnson said that the information encoded in the koala’s DNA is already being included in ‎ management strategies by conservation groups. However, she said the findings described in the new paper represent the early stages of what can be gleamed from the marsupial’s genome.‎ ‎“The data is public, and I would love for anyone to start mining it and see what other amazing things they can find,” she said. “Once you have a genome of this quality, the sky’s the limit with what you can do with it.”‎ ‎63. What can be concluded from the passage?‎ A. The research on the Koala’s DNA has prevented its extinction successfully.‎ B. Scientists are trying to rescue Koalas by providing more eucalyptus leaves.‎ C. Koala’s extinction is being controlled effectively in Australia.‎ D. Scientists are trying to find a way based on Koala’s gene to save them.‎ ‎64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. Koalas can digest poisonous leaves thanks to their gene.‎ B. Koalas are particular about leaves because of their taste.‎ C. Koalas are being extinct just due to human’s activities.‎ D. Koalas will move to other continents in order to survive.‎ ‎65. “The sky’s the limit” in the last sentence most probably means ______.‎ A. The sky is the restriction B. The sky is too high to reach C. There is no limit D. There is no possibility ‎66. The passage is mainly about ______.‎ A. Koala - a Special Creature in Australia B. scientific research on Koalas C. scientific efforts to save the Koalas D. Koalas’ Characters and Preference 参考答案：63. D 64. A 65. C 66. C ‎ ‎[六]‎ Many people prefer eating out instead of cooking at home. A change appears to be taking place, though, and millennials are leading the way. According to one survey, more young people are starting to cook at home for three basic reasons: They can save money, eat healthy and waste less food.‎ Popular TV chefs are also getting millennials excited about learning some basic cooking skills. Many millennials view cooking as a form of entertainment and self-expression. They ‎ proudly post pictures of their cooking creations on Facebook or Instagram, and invite friends over to share the cooking experience.‎ Many millennials have also found ways to avoid wasting food. After roasting a chicken, they put the leftover bones in their freezer instead of the garbage can. Later, they use the bones to make chicken stock which is an important ingredient in many dishes.‎ They also hate throwing out fruit that’s too old. To avoid that situation, they bake ripe fruit like berries and bananas for 15 minutes at 175 degrees Celsius. Then they freeze it overnight. After that, they place the fruit in plastic bags and store it their freezer for later use.‎ Now many millennials only eat at restaurants that have excellent food-waste policies. These restaurants use every part of the vegetables they buy, including their stems and roots, in dishes. They also use beef, chicken and pork bones to make their own stock.‎ Millennials also reduce food waste by only buying what they require. Before going to a market, they write down what they need and don’t buy anything else. They say they won’t purchase more food than they can consume.‎ ‎56. What is the main subject of this article?‎ A. A cooking trend that has attracted millennials.‎ B. A plan that millennials have for donating food.‎ C. A novel cooking technique that millennials like.‎ D. A food production system favored by millennials.‎ ‎57. What do millennials do with fruit before freezing it?‎ A. Mix it with other ingredients in a bowl.‎ B. Carefully remove the skin and seeds from it.‎ C. Use a sharp knife to chop it up into pieces.‎ D. Put it in an oven at the proper temperature.‎ ‎58. According to this article, when do millennials make careful choices?‎ A. When they dine out together B. Whey they vote for candidates C. When they choose an employer D. When they plant a new garden ‎59. According to this article, how do millennials avoid purchasing too much food?‎ A. They select small cans and packages.‎ B. They prepare a practical shopping list.‎ C. They leave their credit cards at home.‎ D. They weigh produce before buying it.‎ 参考答案：56. A 57. D 58. A 59. B ‎ ‎[七]‎ The tree house is a platform or building constructed around, next to or among the trunk or branches of one or more mature trees. In a more dangerous time in human history.-, their position above the ground would protect the dweller (居住者) against environmental difficulties and possible fierce animals. As modern construction has improved, the tree houses have become less of a practical dwelling and more of a children’s curiosity. But now, these fun shelters are appealing to adults too and many are booking themselves in for a few nights among the treetops. ‎ These tree house hotels can be found from Europe to Australia. Best of all, the;' come in a variety of interesting designs! From the traditional "four walls and a roof" hotel, to the more artistic Nothofagus Hotel in Chilean Patagonia, whose twelve-sided walls make it look like a beehive. The Free Spirit Spheres (球体) village on Vancouver Island in Canada allows guests to stay in one of three yellow spheres, which are suspended from trees. Not only are they as safe as houses, they're popular!‎ In Sweden, at the Treehotel, numbers have also risen. "In 2010, we had four rooms and around 1, 500 guests a year. Today we have seven rooms and nearly 5, 000 guests," ‎ co-founder Kent Lindvall explains. Each of the rooms there was designed by an architect, who was asked to make use of the light and surroundings. They include a mirrored cube, a bird' s nest and a UFO.‎ And how about an office? Microsoft, hoping to give its employees thinking space, has constructed a three-building structure. "Studies show people can work better in nature. They are more productive,'' says Mr. Nelson, designer and builder of tree houses. ‎ If you’ve no head(天分) for heights, then maybe a tree house getaway isn't going to be your home away from home. But the sense of adventure, the novelty of the setting and the opportunity to return to nature are attracting an increasing number of tree house-staying adults. ‎ ‎32. How do children feel about the tree houses?‎ ‎ A. They are novel. B. They are practical. C. They are strongly built. D. They are well decorated.‎ ‎33. What do we know about the rooms at the Treehotel?‎ ‎ A. They are unique in design. B. They are the largest in size.‎ ‎ C. They overlook bird' s nests. D. They appear in traditional style.‎ ‎34. What has Microsoft done for its employees?‎ ‎ A. It has rented tree house hotels. B. It has created tree house office buildings.‎ ‎ C. It has trained them to work more productively.‎ ‎ D. It has improved their abilities to survive outdoors.‎ ‎35. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ ‎ A. Advantages of Tree Hotels B. The Trend for Tree Houses ‎ C. Ways of Building Tree Hotels D. The Differences Between Tree Houses 参考答案：32-35．AABB ‎[八]‎ A new study has shown that people who regularly eat oranges are less likely to develop macular degeneration (黄斑变性)than people who do not eat oranges. Researchers at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research interviewed more than 2,000 Australian adults aged over 50 and followed them over a 15-year period. The research showed that people who ate at least one serving of oranges every day had more than a 60% reduced risk of developing late macular degeneration 15 years later. Even eating an orange once a week seems to offer significant benefits. ‎ Lead researcher associate professor Bamini Gopinath from the University of Sydney said, "The data shows that flavonoids (类黄酮) found in oranges appear to have a big role to play in reducing the chance of macutar degeneration. Flavonoids can be found in almost all fruits and vegetables and they are useful in reducing inflammation (炎症) and stress within the body." "We examined common foods that contain flavonoids such as tea, apples, red wine and oranges. Significantly, the data did not show a relationship between other food sources protecting the eyes against the disease," she said.‎ Gopinath said that until now most research has focused on the effects of common nutrients such as vitamins C, E and A on the eyes. "Our research is different because we focused on the relationship between fiavonoids and macular degeneration."‎ Macular degeneration is the name given to a group of eye diseases that cause progressive loss of central sight. It is the leading cause of blindness in Australia and affects about one in seven people over the age of 50. There is currently no cure for the disease. ‎ ‎"Our research aims to understand why eye diseases occur, as well as the genetic and environmental conditions that may do harm to eyesight," Gopinath concluded. ‎ ‎28. How does the author introduce the research in Paragraph 1 ?‎ A. By listing the data. B. By analyzing causes.‎ C. By following time order. D. By describing the process.‎ ‎29. What might matter most in protecting the eyes against macular degeneration?‎ A. The vitamins in oranges. B. The flavonoids in oranges.‎ C. The flavonoids in vegetables. D. The nutrition content in foods.‎ ‎30. What made Gopinath’s research different from others? ‎ A. Study aims. B. Cooperative ways.‎ C. The age of subjects. D. The focus of research.‎ ‎31. What' s the main idea of the text?‎ A. Eye diseases catch Australian attention. B. The effects of diet and nutrition on eyes.‎ C. An orange a day keeps the eye doctor away. D. The leading cause of blindness in Australia.‎ 参考答案：28-31．ABDC ‎[九]‎ The results from the world’s largest sleep study have shown that people who sleep on average between 7 to 8 hours per night perform better cognitively (认知地) than those who sleep less or more than this amount.‎ The world’s largest sleep study was launched in June 2018 and within days more than 40,000 people from the world participated in the online scientific investigation, which included an in-depth questionnaire and a series of cognitive performance activities.‎ ‎“We really wanted to capture the sleeping habits of people around the entire globe. Obviously, there have been many smaller sleep studies of people in laboratories but we wanted to find out what sleep is like in the real world,” says Adrian Owen, western’s researcher in Cognitive Neuroscience and Imaging. “People who logged in gave us a lot of information about themselves. We had a fairly extensive questionnaire and they told us things like which medications they were on, where they were in the world and what kind of education they’d received because these are all factors that might have contributed to some of the results.”‎ More than half of all participants reported typically sleeping less than 6.3 hours per night, about an hour less than the study’s recommended amount. One shocking truth was that most participants who slept four hours or less performed as if they were almost nine years older.‎ Another surprising discovery was that sleep affected all adults equally. The amount of sleep associated with highly functional cognitive behavior was the same for everyone, regardless of age. Also, the harm associated with too little, or too much sleep did not depend on the age of the participants.‎ ‎“We found that the best amount of sleep to keep your brain performing its best is 7 to 8 hours every night. We also found that people that slept more than that amount were equally harmed as ‎ those who slept too little,” says Conor Wild, Owen Lab Research Associate and the study’s lead author.‎ ‎27. Where did the study take place?‎ A. In a lab. B. In the street.‎ C. On TV. D. On the Internet.‎ ‎28. What may affect the result of the study according to Owen?‎ A. Career. B. Diet. C. Education. D. Exercise.‎ ‎29. What’s Wild’s view?‎ A. Sleeping too much is as bad as sleeping too little.‎ B. People must sleep for eight hours every night.‎ C. Sleeping too little can make people look older.‎ D. People needn’t pay attention to the amount of sleep.‎ ‎30. What can we learn from the text?‎ A. Owen and Wild are the first to study sleep.‎ B. Lack of enough sleep is a common problem.‎ C. All the people in the world show interest in the study.‎ D. There is no effective way to solve the sleep problem.‎ 参考答案：27-30 DCAB ‎[十]‎ Scientists think that growing garden grass could be the secret to solving our energy needs, and we may soon be able to replace our gasoline with “grassoline”.‎ ‎ The team, including experts from Cardiff University in Wales, has shown that hydrogen can be taken from grass in useful amounts with the help of sunlight and a cheap catalyst(催化剂) —something that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.‎ ‎ It is the first time that this has been shown and it could lead to a sustainable(可持续的) way of making hydrogen, reported Asian News International. This could be an important kind of renewable energy because it is high in energy and it does not give out harmful gases when it is burned.‎ ‎ Study co-author Michael Bowker said, “This is really a green source of energy. Hydrogen is ‎ seen as an important future energy carrier as the world moves from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and our research has shown that even garden grass could be a good way of getting it.”‎ ‎ Cellulose(纤维素), which is a key part of plants and the biopolymer(生物聚合物) found in the largest numbers on the earth, could be a great source of hydrogen.‎ ‎ In its study, the team looked at the possibility of getting hydrogen from cellulose using sunlight and a simple catalyst.‎ ‎ This is called photocatalysis(光催化作用) and in it, the sunlight starts the catalyst, which then makes cellulose and water into hydrogen. The researchers studied the effectiveness of three metal-based catalysts, of which nickel(镍) especially interested the researchers, as it is a much more common metal than gold and palladium(钯) and it saves more money.‎ ‎ According to Bowker, producing hydrogen from cellulose using photocatalysis has not been studied in detail. The team’s research shows that large amounts of hydrogen can be produced using this method with the help of a bit of sunlight and a cheap catalyst.‎ ‎ The study shows that it is effective to use real grass taken from a garden. “This is important as it avoids the need to separate and clean up cellulose, which can be both difficult and costly,” said Bowker.‎ ‎32. What are needed to get hydrogen from grass?‎ ‎ A. A catalyst and palladium. B. Water and cellulose.‎ ‎ C. Sunlight and a biopolymer. D. Sunlight and a catalyst.‎ ‎33. Why is the new way of making hydrogen considered significant?‎ ‎ A. It is cheap, green and sustainable.‎ ‎ B. It is the best to produce the renewable energy.‎ ‎ C. It is more productive and efficient than other methods.‎ ‎ D. It can replace the way to make fossil fuels completely.‎ ‎34. Why does nickel interest the researchers in making hydrogen from cellulose?‎ ‎ A. It can produce the largest amount of hydrogen.‎ ‎ B. It can avoid separating and cleaning up cellulose.‎ ‎ C. It is more common than other metals and costs less.‎ ‎ D. It works quicker than other metals during photocatalysis.‎ ‎35. What does the author intend to tell us mainly in this passage?‎ ‎ A. Catalysts that could be taken from grass.‎ ‎ B. A new way of making hydrogen from cellulose.‎ ‎ C. The potential of hydrogen as a renewable energy.‎ ‎ D. The connection between hydrogen and photocatalysis.‎ 参考答案：32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B