【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解题的议论文备考策略学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解题的议论文备考策略学案

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解题的议论文备考策略与练习 Ⅰ.策略指导 议论文是英语中的重要文体，从近几年的高考英语试题来看，议论文在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点。议论文常考的题型为推理判断题、细节理解题，词义猜测题会增加对“短语含义”的考查，应注意把握这一点变化，并做适量的练习来应对这一变化。‎ Ⅱ.模拟训练 A Music died here last spring, or rather, it was killed by members of the school committee who ignored the importance of music and drama as part of the high school curriculum.‎ The committee decide that teaching students how to take a standardized test is more important than a curriculum in which students can explore their interests in the arts. Because the school system is running out of funding, it needs to make sure that students pass the test or even more money will be lost. If students fail the state standardized test, it is not the fault of drama and music classes. They are failing because the “academic” classes are in_deficiency in a way.‎ It is painful to think of how many students will be discouraged from singing, acting, and playing instruments because school programs are no longer offered. Many families cannot afford private music lessons, and many potential musicians and artists may not find their callings if they are not exposed to the arts in school. The fact that the school committee thinks the arts are not worth the investment will certainly make some students believe the arts are not worth their time or support and the cycle will continue.‎ Teaching for a test does not shape students into well rounded people. It blocks the natural sense to create and express feelings through the arts — there is more to life than the analytical thinking that math and English provide. What happens after a test? Sure, a student might graduate, but they will have limited knowledge — certainly not a good preparation for the real world.‎ 语篇解读：因为经费的问题，有些学校取消了音乐课、戏剧课，这件事引发了人们的讨论。‎ ‎1．Music and drama are removed from the high school curriculum in that ________．‎ A．some students fail the state standardized test B．fewer and fewer students love to attend them C．the school curriculum has been changed D．the school is afraid of losing financial support 解析：选D　细节理解题。依据第二段的第二句可知，学校快没有资金了，如果学生们不能通过考试，那就意味着更多资金的损失。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined part mean in the second paragraph?‎ A．Not enough.　　　　　B．Too many.‎ C．Too boring. D．Not proper.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。依据画线词前的“it is not the fault of drama and music classes”可知，作者认为学生没有通过国家标准化测试，并不是音乐、戏剧课占用了时间。从时间上考虑，则是给予文化课的时间不充足。‎ ‎3．It can be learned that the arts can ________．‎ A．motivate students in creativity and expression B．make students roundshaped people in future C．provide students with careful thinking D．prevent students from graduating from high school 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It blocks the natural sense to create and express feelings through the arts”可知，艺术可以激发创造性和提升表达能力，故选A。‎ ‎4．In what way does the author describe the passage?‎ A．Humorously. B．Bitterly.‎ C．Excitedly. D．Mildly.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。文章开头作者描述学校取消音乐、戏剧课时，形象地使用了“died here”，“it was killed”等词语，由此可以看出作者用幽默的方式描述了这件事。‎ B ‎(2016·昆明质检)Shopping is a big part of the holiday season, when families and friends gather together and exchange gifts. While the popularity of shopping online has grown, such practices are not always ecofriendly or timely, as gifts bought online must be packaged and shipped, wasting valuable resources and time.‎ The benefits of shopping locally go beyond convenience and reduce your carbon footprint. The following are a few ways that shopping locally this holiday season can directly benefit your community and the people who call it home.‎ When men and women shop locally, they are putting money back into their local communities. Local businesses may be owned by your neighbors, and it can be comforting to know that your holiday shopping dollars are going to support a neighbor instead of a large company. Local businesses also employ your neighbors, so shopping locally can strengthen the local economy by creating jobs.‎ Local businesses go a long way toward creating a neighborhood identity, and that identity can create a stronger sense of community among you and your neighbors. In addition, a unique community identity can make your town more attractive to outsiders, and can also attract more people to local businesses in your neighborhood.‎ The gifts you buy when shopping locally can also benefit your community. Gifts purchased from small local businesses tend to be more unique than items bought from national chains, as smaller retailers tend to sell more homemade items than their national competitors. Recipients of such items may find such gifts more thoughtful than mass produced items bought from national chains.‎ The accessibility of customer service is another benefit of shopping locally. When you buy something from national chains, especially during the holiday season when such businesses may have to deal with orders, making contact with customer service departments can be a test of patience. A long wait on the phone or online can make the process of contacting customer service departments extremely frustrating. But such frustration is rare when shopping from local businesses, as consumers can simply buy their products in the store. In addition, shopping locally makes it more convenient for friends and family members who also live in your community to return their gifts.‎ 语篇解读：购买本地产品作为礼品不仅有利于保护环境，而且还能够拉动内需，促进当地人就业。‎ ‎5．The author referred to shopping online in the passage to ________．‎ A．imply it is convenient to shop online B．show it has been popular with the public C．imply shopping locally is better than that D．tell people they should stop wasting resources 解析：选C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者提倡大家购买本地的产品。虽然网上购物很方便，但是与本地购物相比，网上购物不够环保。因此，作者的目的是介绍他的观点。‎ ‎6．It can be inferred from the third paragraph that ________．‎ A．local businesses are in poor management B．shopping locally can help some people get jobs C．a large company usually gains much profit D．few people support local businesses 解析：选B　推理判断题。依据文章第三段尾句中的“strengthen the local economy by creating jobs”可知，在本地购物会创造很多的就业机会，因此你参与本地购物会为那些寻找工作的人创造更多的就业机会。‎ ‎7．If people love the products from a local business, ________．‎ A．the business will raise the price of its products B．the products will be sold in the distant places C．it will help develop the community a lot D．the community will turn into a tourist destination 解析：选C　推理判断题。依据文章第四段可知，地方产业被人认可并不是一件容易的事，一旦被人们认可，这将有助于当地企业的发展。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “Recipients” mean in the passage?‎ A．The persons who receive something.‎ B．The persons who donate something.‎ C．The persons who sell something.‎ D．The persons who purchase something.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。依据该词后面的“find such gifts more thoughtful”可知，此处表示收到礼物的人认为这样的礼物更有意义。‎ C The decisions that we make shape us throughout our lives. No matter what decisions we make, good or bad, each one puts us on a new road in the future. Make a bad decision? No problem. Learn from the decision and make another decision to get on a different path. This is advice that I got from Tony Robbins in his book Awaken the Giant Within. This is a book that I recommend to anyone wanting to develop a fire within to make changes in their life.It helped me to understand how fear of making poor choices was hindering me from becoming the great man who I am today.Now I am not saying that I am a wellknown person in any particular circle. But I am the king of my castle working hard and trying to make good decisions in regard to the paths that I have chosen.I am a great man in the eyes of my wife and my children.And that is all the recognition that I need in my lifetime.And I know that my past failures have been the building block that I continue to use to build my career and selfimage in my community that I live in.‎ Ben Lerer, cofounder and CEO of Thrillist Media Group, is a good example of this.In an article on the Fast Company website, Lerer talks about this very subject.He says, “I've had to make some really tough decisions but finally, I think the best companies are those that can recognize when something isn't going right, and fix it, instead of just turning a blind eye because it's easier.” Great people make decisions.When a decision does not have the desired result, make a different decision.It does not get any simpler than that.‎ 语篇解读：一生中，我们会作出各种各样的决定，有好的，也有坏的。但当我们作出的决定没有产生预期的结果时，我们应从这个不好的决定中吸取教训、回归正途，而不是视而不见、任其发展。‎ ‎9．From Tony Robbins' book Awaken the Giant Within, the writer knew ________．‎ A．making a bad decision is very terrible B．making decisions helps us become a great man C．being afraid to make a bad decision is very natural D．learning from the bad decision can help make a new choice 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Learn from the decision and make another decision to get on a different path.This is advice that I got from Tony Robbins in his book Awaken the Giant Within”可知，该题选D项。‎ ‎10．The underlined word “hindering” can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．stopping B．stealing C．preserving D．requiring 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“Make a bad decision? No problem ... get on a different path.”及画线词前后的内容可推知，该词的意思是“阻止，妨碍”，故选A项。‎ ‎11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．A bad decision has a bad effect on people.‎ B．The best company can admit and correct a bad decision.‎ C．People should learn how to make a good decision.‎ D．Making a decision is much simpler than changing one.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think the best companies are those that can recognize when something isn't going right, and fix it”可知，该题选B项。‎ ‎12．What could be the best title of the passage?‎ A．Overcome Your Fears B．Take Action C．Make Decisions D．Trust Yourself 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“The decisions that we make shape us throughout our lives.”以及下文的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是作决定方面的内容。故选C项。‎