【英语】2018届二轮复习语法虚拟语气学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习语法虚拟语气学案

二轮复习 虚拟语气 ‎ 一、虚拟语气条件从句和主句谓语动词的构成 ‎ ‎ 主要分三种情况，即表示与将来事实相反，与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，主要体现在谓语动词的变化上。见下表：‎ 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 例句 与将来事实相反 ① did、‎ ② were to do ③ should do would / could / might / should…+do（动词原形）‎ If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 假如我有HIV, 我就会知道，因为我会生病。‎ If it were to (should) rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 万一明天下雨，会议就会延期（目前看可能性较小）。‎ 与现在事实相反 were（be动词）、did（一般过去时）‎ would / could / might / should…+do（动词原形）‎ If I ______ you, I would not do it.‎ A. am B. were C. shall be D. being (答案：B)‎ 与过去事实相反 had+done（过去完成时）‎ would / could / might / should…+have done（不定式完成时）‎ I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother.‎ A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come ‎ ‎(答案：D)‎ 注意：1. 虚拟条件句的倒装与省略 ‎ 如果虚拟条件状语从句有助动词had /were / should，可以把其提至句首，而把连词if省掉，从而形成倒装结构。‎ ‎ What would have happened ____ , as far as the river bank?‎ ‎ A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther ‎ ‎ C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 答案：C ‎2. 错综时间条件句 ‎ 有时主句与从句所表示的谓语动词的动作所发生的时间不同，此时主从句的谓语动词形式应该与各自所在句子中的时间状语或其所表达的意义相对应。‎ ‎ It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the ‎ age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall ‎ 答案：B ‎ 3. 含蓄条件句 ‎ 有时不用if从句表示条件，而是通过介词、副词、分词或短语等代替if从句，像without（没有） / but for（要不是） / otherwise / or / but / once等。‎ I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.‎ He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I’d have known nothing about it.‎ I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.‎ Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格）‎ But for your help, I wouldn’t have made so much progress.‎ ‎=If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have made so much progress.‎ ‎ He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.‎ ‎ A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 答案：D 二． 与if条件句谓语相同的几类结构 ‎1. even if ( even though)即使　‎ Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.‎ Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.‎ ‎2. as if/as though引导的表语从句或状语从句 ‎ 从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式与wish后面的宾语从句的谓语动词相同。 ‎ When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____ .‎ ‎ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 答案：C ‎3. 在would rather后的宾语从句中 I would rather you finished this report at once. 我宁愿你立刻把报告写完。‎ She would rather I stayed here. 她宁愿我留在这儿。（现在事实相反 I’d rather you had not told him the truth.(过去事实相反 ‎4. if only意思是“要是……就好的”。‎ If only I knew the answer!‎ If only I had seen the film yesterday!‎ ‎ If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed.‎ ‎ A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 答案：C ‎5、wish后的宾语从句 及物动词wish跟宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望。从句谓语动词的变化如下：‎ 主句 从句谓语形式 从句谓语动词时间意义 例句 sb. +wish(that)‎ would /could might +do 表示与将来情况相反或将来难以实现的愿望 I sincerely wished that I might do something to comfort him. 我诚恳地希望能做点什么来安慰他。‎ did ‎ 与现在事实相反或现在看来不可能实现的愿望 How I wish every family ___ a large house with a beautiful garden.‎ A. has B. had C. will have D. had had (答案：B)‎ had done ‎ 表示与过去事实相反，说话时感到遗憾 I wish you had let me know earlier. 我倒希望你早点让我知道。‎ I wish I had told you the truth. 要是我告诉你事实就好了。‎ 三．名词性从句中用should的情况：‎ ‎1．用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。‎ 一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省掉。‎ ‎ _____ be sent to work there?‎ ‎ A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should ‎ C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should 答案：A ‎ Jane’s pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.‎ A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 答案：B He insisted that he was not a thief. 他坚持说他不是小偷。‎ ‎2. 在含有以上各词所对应的主语从句中谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”。如：‎ It is advised/requested that a third bridge （should）be built across the canal in out county.‎ ‎3. 在含有以上各词所对应的名词的句子中，如果该名词后跟有同位语从句或其作主语后接表语从句，则从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”。如：‎ ‎1）His suggestion that we should go there ahead of time hasn’t been accepted. ‎ ‎2）He suggested that we should go there ahead of time.‎ ‎ His suggestion is that we should go there ahead of time.‎ ‎ It’s suggested that we should go there ahead of time.‎ ‎ What he suggested is that we should go there ahead of time.‎ ‎ 注意以上各句之间的句型的转换 ‎4. 在一些作表语的形容词或名词的后面的主语从句常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的should可以省掉，意思是“应该”或“竟然”常用的词有natural / necessary / strange / a pity 如：‎ It’s necessary/essential/vital/important that we should master a foreign language. ‎ It’s strange/surprising/unusual that he should say so. 他竟然这样说，真是奇怪。‎ 四、在固定句型中的使用 ‎1、在定语从句中 It’s (high) time that sb. did (should do ) sth.意思是“某人做某事的时间到了”，如：‎ It’s high time that you recited this text.‎ ‎2、在目的状语从句中 ‎ 在以in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中，从句的谓语动词部分通常有can / could / would等情态动词，通常被看作是虚拟语气；在以lest, in case, for fear that引导的目的状语从句中，从句谓语动词一般用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report ____ her manager could read it first the next morning.‎ A. so that B. because C. before D. or else 答案 A Bring some money in case you ( should ) use it. 带着点钱备用。‎ 五、情态动词跟不定式完成式 ‎ 情态动词should / ought to / could / was (were) going to / would like (love) to +have done表示本来应该（能够、打算）做某事，而实际上没有做，其否定句表示本来不应该做（能够、打算）做某事，而实际上做了。needn’t have done表示本来没有必要做某事，而实际上做了。‎ ‎ Oh, I ‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I ____ so much fried chicken just now.‎ A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten ‎ C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat. 答案：C ‎ ‎