2020届一轮复习外研版必修五Module5Thegreatsportspersonality单元知识点学案

2020届一轮复习外研版必修五Module5Thegreatsportspersonality单元知识点学案

Module 5 The great sports personality单元知识点学案 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure(冒险) again.(2018·天津)‎ ‎2.The industry has also taken aim(目标) at the product that has appeared as its replacement.‎ ‎(2018·浙江)‎ ‎3.The proposal attempts(尝试) to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles.(2017·天津)‎ ‎4.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid(避免) ever climbing at all.‎ ‎(2018·天津)‎ ‎5.If you are a student studying the arts，chances(机会) are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B.(2018·江苏)‎ ‎6.It is well worth making an effort(努力) to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.‎ ‎7.I thought of my headteacher one day, who always encouraged(鼓励) us not to lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were in trouble.‎ ‎8.In view of his educational background and experience(经历), no one doubts his suitability as a leader.‎ ‎9.It found many youngsters now measure(衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online，often through “likes”.(2018·江苏)‎ ‎10.Though he had tried to overcome(战胜) his shyness, he didn’t make it in the end.‎ ‎11.For this purpose(目的)，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.(2018·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎12.Moth，meanwhile，after an initial struggle(挣扎)，found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey.(2018·江苏)‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1.What I saw was completely(complete) unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me wanting more.(2017·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎2.J.K.Rowling donates 30 million to help the disadvantaged(disadvantage) children.‎ ‎3.Children became increasingly anxious(anxiety) about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.‎ ‎4.At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as she was so ‎ confident(confidence) about her skills.‎ ‎5.He was disabled from birth，but he never felt frustrated.Nor did he give in to any difficulty(difficult).‎ ‎6.A quick review of successes and failures(fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.‎ ‎(2017·江苏)‎ ‎7.For this courier job，you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially(potential) going to save somebody’s life.(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎8.Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding(reward) parts of our lives.(2016·四川)‎ ‎9.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition(ambitious)，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.(2018·浙江)‎ ‎10.A successful(success) arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(连锁反应) throughout a community.(2018·江苏)‎ Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎1.My aim is to the world of literature and the world of great writers to cultivate my mind.‎ ‎2.The boys made attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.‎ ‎3.The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable pre-historical rock paintings by the chance.‎ ‎4.All the noise makes it hard for me to fully concentrate the book I’m trying to read.‎ ‎5.Thanks to the support of her friends and relatives，her dream of establishing a shelter for the disadvantaged has been come true.‎ ‎6.Driverless cars may end up a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.‎ ‎(2017·天津)‎ Ⅳ.选词填空 ‎1.Children should be encouraged to reach a compromise between what they want and what they are expected.‎ ‎2.This generous love，encourages people all around the world to fight for the well-being of all people fearlessly.‎ ‎3.You will never know what she went through to educate her children.‎ ‎4.It was my English teacher who encouraged me not to lose heart when I was faced with difficulties in my English learning.‎ ‎5.To make progress at a reasonable rate，you’ll need to commit at least an hour a day to practice the piano.‎ ‎6.If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎7.With so many reference books on this romantic poet for me to choose from，I can’t make up my mind which to choose.‎ ‎8.Receiving a good education is rather costly but it should pay off in the long run.‎ ‎9.China is taking pains to ensure the action taken to protect the environment effectively. ‎ ‎10.New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.‎ Ⅴ.同义词语替换 ‎1.Travel not only gives me the opportunity to understand the world，but also brings me to achieve the dream of exploring different scenery.realize ‎2.Difficult as the task was，he still stuck to it and took pains to complete it.made every effort ‎3.Surprisingly，there is little evidence to back up this opinion that keeping a vegetarian diet can benefit the health and fight against heart disease.support ‎4.I find it hard to concentrate on my studies with some people having small talks around me.focus on ‎5.They will start a campaign to encourage awareness of environmental issues.promote ‎(1)achieve one’s aims/goals达到目标 achieve success获得成功 ‎(2)achievement n.成就；功业；完成；达到 a sense of achievement成就感 make great achievements取得巨大的成功 ‎(1)Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a real sense of achievement(成就感).‎ ‎(2)He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams(实现我们的梦想).‎ ‎(2016·江苏)‎ ‎(3)In the last few years，China has made great achievements(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.‎ 易错点拨 achievement作“完成，达到”解时为不可数名词；作“成就，功绩”解时是可数名词。‎ ‎(1)attempt to do...尝试(试图)做……‎ ‎(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试做……‎ at the first attempt第一次尝试 ‎(3)attempted adj.未遂的 ‎(1)In an attempt to encourage the students to do some reading and provide the students with more good books，our school is planning to hold the Reading Festival in the library next Friday.‎ ‎(2)Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted(attempt) murder.‎ ‎(3)I passed my driving test at the first attempt(第一次尝试). ‎ ‎(4)[同义句改写]　They attempted to climb (climb) that hill.‎ ‎→They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing that hill.‎ (1)avoid doing...避免做……‎ (2)avoidable adj.可避免的 ‎(1)Deaths caused by careless driving are avoidable (avoid).‎ ‎(2)CCTV says that a storm will hit our city.In order to avoid being caught(catch)，we must take our raincoat with us.‎ ‎(3)[单句改错]　She avoids on dark streets at night.‎ 易错点拨 ‎(1)avoid后接动词时要用动名词，不接不定式，且后不接that从句。‎ ‎(2)avoid通常指“成功地避免”，如果表示“企图避免”，应用try to avoid。‎ challenge n.挑战；难题；质疑 vt.挑战；怀疑 ‎(1)meet/face/issue a challenge应对/面临/发起挑战 ‎(2)challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑战(做)某事 ‎(3)challenging adj.有挑战性的；有吸引力的 challenged adj.受到挑战的 ‎(1)She gave him a challenging (challenge) look. “Are you really sure？” she demanded.‎ ‎(2)The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call(call) an election.‎ ‎(3)I challenged him to a game of tennis.‎ ‎[熟词生义]　选择句子中challenge的汉语意思 ‎(4)I did not think he was right，so I challenged him. A ‎ A.质疑　　B.驳斥　　C.挑战 cost v.使付费；价钱为；使损失 n.价格；费用；代价 ‎(1)at the cost of以……为代价 at a cost of以……的费用/价格 at any cost(＝at all costs) 以任何代价，不惜一切代价 ‎(2)cost sb. sth. 使某人失去……‎ ‎(1)We must at all costs/at any cost prevent them from finding out about the plan.‎ 我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。‎ ‎(2)He saved his daughter from the fire，but only at the cost of his own life.‎ 他从大火中救出了他的女儿，但却牺牲了自己的生命。‎ ‎(3)He bought the piano at a cost of 500 dollars.‎ 他花500美元买下了这架钢琴。‎ ‎(4)One mistake cost him his job.‎ 一个错误让他丢了工作。‎ desire n.渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物 vt.希望得到；想要 ‎(1)have a strong desire ‎(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望……‎ ‎(3)desirable adj.理想的；值得拥有的；可取的 ‎(1)He desired to bring(bring) back the so-called new four inventions back to his home country.‎ ‎(2)She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.‎ ‎(3)[一句多译]　他母亲希望他成为一名老师。‎ ‎①His mother desired him to be/become a teacher.‎ ‎②His mother desired that he (should) be/become a teacher. ‎ 易错点拨　desire不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。‎ ‎(1)devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……‎ devote oneself to献身于；致力于 ‎(2)devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的 be devoted to致力于；献身于；热爱……‎ ‎(3)devotion n.奉献；关照；忠诚 ‎(1)Most children long for and need a loving，devoted(devote) and responsible father.‎ ‎(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)‎ ‎(2)Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building(build) a harmonious society.‎ ‎[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.‎ ‎①Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎②Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ guarantee vt.保证；担保 n.保证；担保；保修单 ‎(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事 guarantee to do sth. /that...保证做某事；确保……‎ be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会……；必定会……‎ ‎(2)under guarantee在保修期内 give sb. a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证……‎ ‎(1)I guarantee to pay(pay) off his debts.‎ ‎(2)The car is less than a year old，so it is still under guarantee.‎ ‎(3)[一句多译]　我们保证在一周内将货物送到。‎ ‎①We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；简单句)‎ ‎②We guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；复合句)‎ ‎③We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.)‎ insist on/upon (doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 insist that...坚持认为……；坚决要求……‎ ‎(1)The doctor insisted that she was(be) seriously ill and that she (should) be operated(operate) on immediately.‎ ‎(2)[一句多译]　他坚持要我同他一起去。‎ ‎①He insisted that I (should) go with him.‎ ‎②He insisted on me/my going with him.‎ ‎③He insisted on it that I (should) go with him.‎ 易错点拨 ‎(1)insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气；表示“坚决主张，坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) do”。‎ ‎(2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接动名词，遇此情况要用insist on/upon。insist后也不接带不定式的复合结构。‎ ‎(1)manage to do设法做 manage it能做到 manage sth. 经营/管理……‎ ‎(2)succeed in doing...成功地做成了……‎ try to do...努力做……(不一定成功)‎ ‎(1)Later，engineers managed to construct(construct) railways in a system of deep tunnels，which became known as the Tube.(2017·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎(2)The box is heavy，but I can manage it(拿得动).‎ ‎(1)prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事 prove (to be)＋n./adj.证明是……；结果是……(prove为系动词)‎ prove＋that/wh- 从句　证明……‎ It is proved that...经证明……‎ ‎(2)proof n.证明；证据 ‎[同义句改写]‎ ‎(1)The report proves its truth.‎ ‎→The report proves it to be true.‎ ‎→The report proves that it is true.‎ ‎[句式升级]‎ ‎(2)This method is proved to be more efficient.(用it作形式主语改写)‎ It is proved that this method is more efficient.‎ 易错点拨　prove用作不及物动词，具有连系动词的性质，其后可接名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式(主要是to be，且to be可省略)等。‎ ‎(1)reflect...in在……中映出……的影像 be reflected in倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon反省/思考某事 ‎(2)reflection n.[C]映像；反映；[U]反射；思考，考虑 be lost in reflection陷入深思中 on reflection再三考虑 ‎(1)She could see her face reflected(reflect) in the water.‎ ‎(2)The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on (upon)/reflecting on (upon)(思考) before we act.‎ ‎(3)[一句多译]　你对服饰的选择反映了你的性格特点。‎ ‎①Your choice of clothes reflects your personality.(reflect v.)‎ ‎②Your choice of clothes is a reflection of your personality.(reflection n.)‎ reward v.酬谢；奖励，奖赏 n.奖金；回报；报酬 ‎(1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏/回报某人 ‎(2)in reward for为奖赏……；为报答……‎ as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 ‎(3)rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的 ‎(1)Last weekend, I fixed up a wooden flower shelf for my family when Dad was away on business, which was really a rewarding(reward) experience.‎ ‎(2)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2016·北京)‎ 学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。‎ ‎(3)I’d like to do something in reward for/as a reward for her kindness.‎ 我想做点什么来报答她的好意。‎ risk vt.冒……的危险 n.危险；风险 ‎(1)risk sth. /doing sth. 冒着……的危险 ‎(2)at risk处于危险之中 at the risk of doing sth. 冒着……的风险 take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒着……的危险 ‎(3)risky adj.危险的 ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(1)他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。‎ ‎①He was praised because he risked losing his life to put out the big fire.‎ ‎②He was praised because he took/ran the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire.‎ ‎③He was praised because he put out the big fire at the risk of losing his life.‎ ‎(2)[同义句改写]　I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.‎ ‎→I wondered if I was putting my life in danger.‎ go over复习 go out出去；熄灭 go against违背；违反 go up上涨；上升 go ahead前进；干吧；说吧 go without没有……也可应付；将就 ‎[写出下列句子中go through的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)He went through many difficulties, which didn’t cast him down. 经历 ‎(2)Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.通过，穿过 ‎(3)It didn’t take Albert very long to go through his money.用完 ‎(4)She went through the company’s accounts，looking for evidence of fraud(欺诈).检查；审核 ‎(1)owe sb. sth. ＝owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把……归功于某人 owe it to sb. that.../to do...把……归功于某人 ‎(2)owing to由于 ‎(1)My English teacher is such a great soul，to whom I owe many thanks.‎ ‎(2)I owe it to him that I finished my work in time.‎ ‎(3)Owing to the bad weather(由于天气不好)，this morning’s flight will be delayed.‎ be/get stuck in陷入；困在……中 stick out伸出；探出；醒目，显眼 stick by忠于；遵守；继续坚持 stick up for支持；维护 ‎(1)All his life，he was stuck(stick) in his house taken care of by his mother.‎ ‎(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨六中二模)‎ ‎(2)Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day.(2017·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎(3)Careful—there’s a nail sticking out of(突出) that board.‎ ‎(1)before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“……(之后)才；不久就；不等……就”。‎ ‎(2)句型归纳：‎ ‎①It won’t be...before...用不了多长时间就会……(before从句用一般现在时)‎ ‎②It will be...before...得过多久才……(before从句用一般现在时)‎ ‎③It wasn’t...before...没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)‎ ‎④It was...before...过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)‎ ‎(1)The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.(2017·全国Ⅲ)‎ 结果是人们在还没真正需要停止前就停止驾驶了。‎ ‎(2)It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.‎ 不久他就学会了使用计算机。‎ ‎(3)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.‎ 如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。‎ Don’t admit defeat until you really have to.‎ 不到万不得已就不要承认失败。‎ ‎(1)until引导时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。‎ ‎(2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒装语序。‎ ‎(3)not...until...句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until...that...。‎ ‎(1)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully ‎ recognized.‎ 巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪初期他的音乐才能才完全被认可。‎ ‎(2)It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life until we have actually had that lesson.‎ 我们很难汲取生活中的经验教训，直到我们真正得到了这一教训。‎ ‎[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)I didn’t pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies.‎ ‎①Not until I finished my studies did I pursue my career as an actress.(倒装句)‎ ‎②It was not until I finished my studies that I pursued my career as an actress.(强调句)‎