2020届二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之短文改错解题指导

2020届二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之短文改错解题指导

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之短文改错解题指导 短文改错对考生的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，考生在该项上往往失分较多，短文改错其实不难，很多错误都是一些我们常见的错误，同时也是我们经常会犯的错误。那么如何做好改错题，我们除了平时打好基础外，在应考时还要做到以下三步：‎ 1. 通读全文, 理解文章. ‎ 短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻辑以及句与句之间的必要联系。因此，做题时首先要通读全文，把握文章大意及上下文之间的联系。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，启承转合是否符合文意等。‎ 2. 分句阅读，先易后难, 找出明错.‎ 目的是了解句子结构，理清修饰关系，准确把握句子含义，找出错误。综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或删词)。‎ 3. 句群阅读 目的是查找行文逻辑错误，审查句与句间的逻辑关系是否准确。‎ 4. 深入审读，验证答案。‎ 记住多词、漏词、错词的数量比例，改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个地方修改都说地过去，但在上下文中可能只能在一处修改才正确。 ‎ 答题五原则：‎ ‎（1）以改变实词形式为原则. （2）以单词形式变化最小为原则.‎ ‎（3）以添删或更换虚词为原则. （4）以多“改正”少“添删”为原则．‎ ‎（5）以保持原意不变为原则．‎ 答题四不改 ‎（1）标点符号不改。（2）大小写不改。（3）词序错误不改。（4）单词拼写不改 。‎ 短文改错口诀：‎ 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副;非谓语，细辨别，句子成份多分析;代词格，细领悟，介词短语要牢记;冠词连词常光顾，逻辑错误须关注.‎ 在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类： ‎ ‎ 一、考点设置之名词 ‎ 命题特点：名词的单复数误用。可数与不可数名词的混用，本来用复数，却用单数。如在several， many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。‎ 改正方法：(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份； (2)根据上下文的逻辑关系。‎ ‎【例】 1．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(schoolmate改为schoolmates)‎ ‎2．After class we become stranger at once.(stranger改为strangers)‎ ‎3．They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get marks in all my subject.(subject改为subjects)‎ 二、考点设置之代词 ‎ 命题特点：代词的误用。主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关系代词的错用。如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。‎ 改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。‎ ‎【例】 ‎ ‎1．The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his改为their)‎ ‎2．I have a good friend who's name is Liu Mei. (who's改为whose)‎ ‎3．It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.(them改为us)‎ ‎4．Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(me改为myself)‎ ‎5．One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(showed后加it)‎ 三、考点设置之介词 ‎ 命题特点及改正方法：介词的误用、缺少或多余。介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：(1)介词的基本用法；(2)习惯搭配；(3)动词词类确定错误，如talk，serve, wait等。常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。‎ 口诀如下：‎ 介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。‎ ‎【例】 ‎ ‎1．We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.(去掉about)‎ ‎2．I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at)‎ ‎3．The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.(去掉was后的in)‎ ‎4．We'll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.(with改为about)‎ ‎5．I am writing to thank you with your kind help. (with改为for)‎ 四、考点设置之时态 ‎ 命题特点及改正方法：时态的错误。看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。‎ 现在时与过去时的误用。句中一般没有时间状语，要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改居多。‎ ‎【例】 ‎ ‎1．They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that…(did改为do)‎ ‎2．The time passes quickly. Evening came.(passes改为passed)‎ ‎3．She liked it very much and reads it to the class.(reads改为read)‎ ‎4．I don't know that they don't like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.(talked改为talk)‎ ‎5．I will write again and send you the photos we take together.(take改为took)‎ 五、考点设置之连词andbutor的误用。如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。‎ 命题特点：主要考查and，or，but，so等并列连词的误用。 ‎ 改正方法：(1)根据句意确定正误； (2)根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。‎ ‎【例】 ‎ ‎1．She is smiling at me but nodding at me.‎(but改为and)‎ ‎2．It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and改为or)‎ ‎3．The food was expensive and the service was good.(and改为but)‎ ‎4．I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.(but改为and)‎ ‎5．We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting改为visited)‎ 六、考点设置之从句连词 ‎ 命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：(1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；(2)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。如定语从句中， which，that，when，where等混淆不清。‎ ‎【例】 ‎ ‎1．It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(noon后加when)‎ ‎2．I don't know that they don't like to talk with me.‎(that改为why)‎ ‎3．What things are in other homes, I wonder.(What改为How)‎ ‎4．Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.(去掉if)‎ ‎5．They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.(去掉that)‎ 七、考点设置之冠词 ‎ 命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：(1)不定冠词a和an互改；(2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；(3)根据需要增删冠词。‎ 定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the;a,an的混用,注意，判断一个词的前面加a还是an不是看其首字母是不是元音字母，而是看首字母的发音是不是元音，如an hour,an honest boy ,其首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开始，故用an，而a useful book,a university,a European, a one-hour trip，虽然以元音字母开始，但却读作辅音音素的音，故用a。‎ ‎【例】 ‎ ‎1．As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (famous前加a)‎ ‎2．We may be one family and live under a same roof, but…(a改为the)‎ ‎3．On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.(a改为the)‎ ‎4．I hope you've had pleasant journey home (had后加a)‎ 八、考点设置之形容词和副词 ‎ 命题特点及改正方法：形容词与副词的误用。‎ 主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。(1)根据形容词或副词的基本用法确定错误；(2)修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；(3)修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。 如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。‎ ‎【例】 ‎ ‎1．I would describe myself as shy and quietly.(quietly改为quiet)‎ ‎2．There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.(person改为personal)‎ ‎3．Finding information on the Net is easily.(easily改为easy)‎ ‎4．So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.(as改为than)‎ ‎5．My pronunciation was terribly.(terribly改为terrible)‎ 九、考点设置之非谓语动词 ‎ 命题特点改正方法：‎ ‎(1)谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；‎ ‎(2)动词不定式和动名词的错用；‎ ‎(3)现在分词和过去分词的错用等。‎ ‎【例】 ‎ ‎1．Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.(allow改为allows)‎ ‎2．My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.(make前加to)‎ ‎3．Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.(talk改为talking)‎ ‎4．We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting改为visited)‎ ‎5．Some students may also to save up for their college or future use.(去掉to)‎ 专项训练 Passage 1假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei ‎ Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous 76. _____‎ ‎ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____‎ ‎ Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____‎ ‎ the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____‎ ‎ climbed the mountain, we saw monkeys, visiting temples 80. _____‎ ‎ and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____‎ ‎ since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____‎ ‎ Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____‎ ‎ of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____‎ ‎ good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____‎ ‎ head touched the pillow.‎ ‎ 【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 2假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Dear Abby,‎ How are you? Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you. 76._______‎ I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77._______‎ further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 78._______‎ for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However, 79._______‎ my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me 80._______‎ going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81._______‎ for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They 82._______‎ can't imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 83._______‎ in the capital instead. Then I'll be able to continue living with 84._______‎ them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up? 85._______‎ Best wishes,‎ ‎ Jane ‎ 【答案与解析】‎