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2020届二轮复习定语从句导学案课件(30张)
第七课时 定语从句 1.Self - driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. (2018· 江苏卷 ) A.that B.where C.which D.when 答案 B 解析 考查 定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是 area ,关系词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用 where ,相当于 in which 。 2.Kate , ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. (2018· 天津卷 ) A.whom B.that C.whose D.her 答案 C 解析 句 意:凯特到澳大利亚去工作了。读大学的时候我和她的姐姐住一个寝室。从句子结构看,本空需要关系词引导定语从句,先行词为 Kate ,且关系代词在从句中作定语,因此用关系代词 whose 引导这个定语从句。 3.She and her family bicycle to work , ________ helps them keep fit. (2018· 北京卷 ) A.which B.who C.as D.that 答案 A 解析 句 意:她和她的家人骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。根据句子结构可知,此处用 which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的事。 4.The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. (2017· 北京卷 ) A.that B.as C.where D.when 答案 A 解析 句 意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句,从句缺少宾语,先行词是 problems ,用 that 。 5.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (2017· 江苏卷 ) A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom 答案 C 解析 先行 词是 “ the World Food Programme ” , whose 引导定语从句并在定语从句中作定语,修饰 purposes ,故选 C 。句意: 1963 年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。 6.My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. (2017· 天津卷 ) A.that B.whose C.his D.who 答案 B 解析 句 意:我的最大儿子,他因工作原因去全世界,现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是 my eldest son ,根据句意和空后名词,确定引导词做定语,在定语从句中只有引导词 whose 修饰名词做定语,意为: …… 的 …… 。故选 B 。 7.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ________ has been proved. (2016· 浙江卷 ) A.whom B.which C.what D.that 答案 B 解析 句 意:科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,其中没有一个已被证明。分析句子成分可知,空处引导定语从句,此处是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句, which 代替 many theories 。 8.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. (2016· 北京卷 ) A.whose B.why C.where D.which 答案 A 解析 句 意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为 couple ,由句意可知 children 与 couple 之间为所属关系,故用关系代词 whose 引导定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1 . 关系代词的用法分类 从句关系代词格 用于限制性和非限制性定语从句 只用于限制性定语从句 指人 指物 指人又指物 主格 who which that 宾格 who/whom - - 属格 whose/ of whom of which/ whose whose 2. 关系代词的用法与分类依据 (1) 根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性 (2) 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物 (3) 根据它在从句中所充当的成分 —— 主语、宾语或定语 3 . 只用 that 不用 which 的情况 (1) 先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时,关系代词通常只用 that ,不用 which 。 Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students. 老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。 (2) 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时,关系代词通常只用 that ,不用 which 。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 (3) 先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只用 that ,不用 which 。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 (4) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时,通常只用 that ,不用 which 。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。 (5) 句中其他位置已出现 which ,为避免重复,不用 which 而用 that 引导限制性定语从句。 Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车? 4 . 只用 which 不用 that 的情况 (1) 在非限制性定语从句中只能使用关系代词 which ,不能使用 that 。 Air , which we breathe every day, is around us all the time. 我们每天呼吸的空气始终在我们的周围。 (2) 在 “ 介词+关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句中,用关系代词 which ,不能使用 that 。 She showed me the dictionary for which she paid a lot of money. 她给我看了她花了很多钱买的那本字典。 [ 名师点津 ] (1) 当关系代词作宾语,前面又没有介词时, whom 可以改为 who ,也可以省略。 The girl ( who/whom ) he invited may be his girlfriend. 他邀请的那个女孩可能是他的女朋友。 (2) 在非限制性定语从句中, whose 修饰物时可以换为 “ the +名词+ of which ” ;修饰人时,可以换为 “ the +名词+ of whom ” 。 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1 . where 引导的定语从句 where 表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于 “ 介词 in/at/on... + which ” 。 In countries where ( in which ) many different languages are spoken , English is often used as an official language to help people communicate. 在一些说多种语言的国家里,英语经常作为官方语言来帮助人们交流。 [ 名师点津 ] 当先行词为 situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere 等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词 where 引导。 You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你到了药物无法治疗的地步。 2 . when 引导的定语从句 when 表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于 “ 介词 in/at/on/during ... + which ” 结构。 I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 我正期盼那一天的到来,那时我女儿可以读这本书,并且了解我对她的感情。 3 . why 引导的定语从句 why 表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于 “ 介词 for + which ” 结构。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗? [ 名师点津 ] 非限制性定语从句中,常用 for which 表示原因而不用 why 。 I had told them the reason , for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把没有去开会的理由告诉了他们。 【技法点拨】 关系代词和关系副词的辨析方法 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 ( 主语、宾语、定语、状语 ) 能正确选择出关系代词 / 关系副词。 This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.( 引导词在从句中作状语 ) 这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。 This is the museum which we visited last summer. ( 引导词在从句中作宾语 ) 这就是我们去年夏天去的那个博物馆。 三、 “ 介词+关系词 ” 引导的定语从句 1 . 介词和关系代词的确定 若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用 whom ,指物时常用 which 。另外, whose 也可以放在介词后,即 “ 介词+ whose +名词 ” 结构。一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手: (1) 先行词的意义 (2) 句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配 (3) 句子的意思 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 (be devoted to “ 献身,致力于 ” ) I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我希望感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我永远不会走这么远。 Recently I bought an ancient vase, whose price ( = the price of which) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。 2 . “ of +关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句 在 some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each 等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用 of which/whom 。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding , most of whom are family members. 约翰邀请了大约 40 人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。 3 . “ 介词+ where ” 引导的定语从句 有时 “ 介词+ where ” 可以引导定语从句,此时要和 “ 介词+ which ” 引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 His head soon appeared out of the window , from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。 (from where 相当于 from out of the window ,而不是 from the window) 四、 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 1 . as 引导的限制性定语 从句 用在 the same...as, such...as, as...as, so...as 结构中, as 可以作主语、宾语或表语,可以用来代替先行词是表示人或物的名词。 They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English. 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 (as 作主语 ) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 (as 作宾语 ) 2 . 关系代词 as, which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)as 引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。 After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision. 大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游,事实证明这是一个明智的选择。 (2) 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时,只能用 as 。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. → It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.( 名词性从句 ) → What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.( 名词性从句 ) 众所周知,月球每月绕地球转一圈。 (3)as 意为 “ 正如 ……” ,后面的谓语动词多是 see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce 等; which 意为 “ 这一点 ” 。 As is often the case with children , Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 正如孩子们常有的情况一样,医生到的时候艾米好多了。 1 先行词还原法 如果认为是定语从句,大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中,如果此句意思通顺,则为定语从句。 She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A.that B.which C.where D.when 答案 D 解析 her stay 为先行词,代入定语从句后为: She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there 。 when 指代 her stay 在定语从句中作时间状语。 2 四步分析法 正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点,大家可以使用 “ 四步分析法 ” 来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物;二看介词在何处;三看句中作何用;四看是否性特殊。 Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A.what B.whose C.which D.that 答案 B 解析 句 意:不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。空处引导的定语从句,为主系表结构,且缺少定语成分,因此只能考虑填作定语的关系代词。 A 中的 what 不能引导定语从句。 whose “ 谁的 ” ,符合句意。 3 固定搭配法 在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语,这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。 Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________we may return in the near future. A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which 答案 C 解析 句 意:风力是很古老的一种能源,不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。 return to “ 重新利用 ” ,属于固定搭配。查看更多