【英语】2018届二轮复习动词的时态和语态（学生版12页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习动词的时态和语态（学生版12页）

‎2018届 二轮复习 动词的时态和语态 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ) It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ) Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.‎ ‎4．(2016·四川) Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.‎ ‎5．(2015·新课标Ⅰ) When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.‎ ‎6．(2015·新课标Ⅰ) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.‎ ‎7．(2015·新课标Ⅱ) Tony was scared and begun to cry.‎ ‎8．(2015·陕西) My mum makes the best biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic steps of baking.‎ ‎9．(2015·四川)As I tell you last time，I made three new friends here.‎ ‎10．(2014·新课标Ⅰ)．..for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.‎ ‎11．(2014·广西) The understanding between two friends means both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other.‎ ‎12．(2014·浙江) I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people.‎ ‎13．(2014·浙江) Before long，a train inspector comes to check our tickets. A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket...‎ ‎14．(2014·辽宁) This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.‎ ‎15．(2014·陕西) My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven...My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.‎ ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，62) So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research. I ________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，62) Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.‎ ‎3．(2016·四川，61) The giant panda ________(love) by people throughout the world.‎ ‎4．(2016·四川，69) Then，after two and a half years，the mother ________ (drive) the young panda away.‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江，5) While online shopping ________ (change) our life，not all of its effects have been positive.‎ ‎6．(2016·浙江，9) Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.‎ ‎7．(2016·北京，21) Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.‎ ‎8．(2016·北京，23) —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars. We ________(wait) here for more than two hours.‎ ‎9．(2016·北京，25) I ________ (read) half of the English novel，and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.‎ ‎10．(2016·北京，30) The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.‎ ‎11．(2016·天津，3) When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________ (see) for years.‎ ‎12．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，61) It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care.‎ ‎13．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，68) This cycle ________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures.‎ ‎14．(2015·北京，30) —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎—All right. I________ (call) him later.‎ ‎15．(2015·北京，22) — Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎—Yes，we ________ (treat) well by our hosts.‎ ‎16．(2015·北京，27) —Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?‎ ‎—Not really. She ________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.‎ ‎17．(2015·福建，26) To my delight，I________ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ ‎18．(2015·湖南，22) As you go through this book，you ______ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.‎ ‎19．(2015·湖南，25) I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________ (ask)，“What do you wish me to do now？”‎ ‎20．(2015·安徽，22) If you come to visit China，you ________ (experience) a culture of amazing depth and variety.‎ ‎21．(2015·安徽，24) Just as I got to the school gate，I realised I ________ (leave) my book in the cafe.‎ ‎22．(2015·安徽，29) It is reported that a space station ______(build)on the moon in years to come.‎ ‎23．(2015·四川，4) More expressways ________(build)in Sichuan soon ‎ to promote the local economy.‎ ‎24．(2015·陕西，22) Marty ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.‎ ‎25．(2015·天津，6) Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) a class at that time.‎ ‎26．(2015·天津，9) Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides.‎ ‎27．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，61) In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio. It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ ‎28．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，45)．..So I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.‎ ‎29．(2014·广西，22) Unless some extra money ________ (find)，the theatre will close.‎ ‎30．(2014·山东，5) They made up their minds that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.‎ ‎31．(2014·四川，9) She ________ (phone) someone，so I nodded to her and went away.‎ ‎32．(2014·北京，31) —What time is it?‎ ‎—I have no idea. But just a minute，I________ (check) it for you.‎ ‎33．(2014·重庆，8) James has just arrived，but I didn't know he ________ (come) until yesterday.‎ ‎34．(2014·陕西，22) During his stay in Xi'an，Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends________ (recommend)．‎ ‎35．(2014·福建，23) —Haven't seen you for ages！Where have you been?‎ ‎—I went to Ningxia and________ (stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.‎ ‎36．(2014·安徽，23) The twins，who ________ (finish) their ‎ homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground.‎ ‎37．(2013·安徽，24) I'm calling about the apartment you ________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?‎ ‎38．(2013·陕西，11) On Monday mornings it usually________ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.‎ ‎1．解决时态类考题时，首先要判断所需成分是句子的谓语动词，因为只有句子才有时态，而句子的时态是通过谓语动词的不同形式来体现的。如通过过去式，have done，be doing，will do等来分别表明过去时、完成时、将来时等。‎ ‎ (2015·浙江) My old classroom was interesting...The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.‎ ‎ (2014·山东，1) Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we ________ (expect)．‎ ‎2．确定属于句子的谓语动词之后，再通过在题干中寻找时间状语，观察上下文提供的语境，以及前后时态的呼应等来判断使用正确的时态，从而正确填写或改正句中的时态。解题的关键在于瞻前顾后，准确捕捉与时间相关的信息。‎ ‎ (2015·北京，26) In the last few years，China ________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.‎ ‎ (2015·福建，30) —Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—He went to the library after breakfast and________ (write) his essay there ever since.‎ ‎3．被动语态类考题的解题关键在于判断句子的主语与谓语动词之间是否是被动关系，但是被动语态的考查总是与句子时态一起，即确定是被动语态之后，还要通过相关的时间状语判断出是哪一种时态的被动语态，这样才能确保填写准确的答案或改正相应的错误。‎ ‎ (2014·辽宁，66) Tai Chi ________ (call) “shadow boxing” in English.‎ ‎ (2014·广东，18) We ________ (tell) that our rooms hadn't been ‎ reserved for that week...‎ 常考的各种时态的主动和被动形式 时态种类 主动形式 被动形式 一般现在时 do/does is/am/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done 过去将来时 would do would be done 现在进行时 is/am/are doing is/am/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing has/have been being done 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done ‎ 一般现在时 ‎(1) 表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作，通常用usually，often，always，sometimes，every day，once a week等作时间状语。‎ ‎ I usually have my hair cut once a month.‎ The students often do their experiments in the lab.‎ ‎(2) 表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。‎ ‎ The earth moves around the sun.‎ A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.‎ ‎(3) 表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。‎ ‎ The train leaves at 2：35 this afternoon.‎ ‎(4) 在主句是一般将来时的时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替将来时。‎ ‎ You will succeed if you try your best.‎ Even if it rains tomorrow，the football match will take place.‎ ‎ 现在进行时 ‎(1) 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎ Our friends are waiting for us outside now.‎ ‎(2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。‎ ‎ She is learning English at college.‎ ‎(3) 某些短暂性动词，如come，go，start，open，close，arrive，return，begin，leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。‎ ‎ My father is coming to see me this Saturday.‎ He is leaving for Beijing next week.‎ ‎(4) 某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。‎ ‎ I'm forgetting English.‎ She is losing her eyesight.‎ 表示存在、拥有、认知、情感等的动词一般不用于进行时态，常见的有keep，stay，remain，consist of，contain，have，belong to，possess，own，hold，sound，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，feel，see，hear，understand，know，suppose，remember，admit，forget，believe，think，like，love，hate，prefer等。‎ ‎ 现在完成时 ‎(1) 表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，once，before，yet，just等作时间状语。‎ ‎ He hasn't heard any news from his son lately.‎ Have you ever been to London?‎ ‎(2) 表示开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作。常用so far，up till now，since，for a long time，in the past/last few years，these days等作时间状语。‎ ‎ So far no life has been found outside the earth.‎ He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college.‎ ‎(3)“This/It is＋the ＋序数词＋time ＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。‎ ‎ This is the second time that I have visited the university.‎ ‎ 现在完成进行时 ‎(1) 表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且还会继续进行下去的动作。‎ ‎ I am very tired.I have been painting the house all the afternoon.‎ ‎(2) 表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。‎ ‎ I have been calling him several times this morning，but there is no answer.‎ 现在完成进行时与现在完成时 现在完成进行时强调“动作”的持续性，表示“未完成”的含义；现在完成时则强调“时间”的经过或动作产生的“结果”，表示“已完成”的含义。‎ ‎ 一般过去时 ‎(1) 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。‎ ‎ It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday.‎ He came to work here two weeks ago.‎ ‎(2) 在时间、条件从句中代替过去将来时。‎ ‎ He said he would not go if it rained.‎ ‎(3) 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know，think，expect等，表示“本来认为”。‎ ‎ I didn't expect to meet you here.‎ I thought he had heard the news.‎ 一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，不强调对现在产生的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用；而现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或一直持续到现在，不和确定的过去时间状语连用。‎ ‎ 过去完成时 ‎(1) 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。‎ ‎ By the end of last term，we had learned 2，000 words.‎ He had left before I got home.‎ ‎(2) hope，expect，think，intend，want，suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本……”。‎ ‎ We had expected that you would be able to win the match.‎ ‎(3)“It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎ It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.‎ ‎(4) “hardly/scarcely...when...”和“no sooner...than...”结构中，主句用过去完成时。‎ ‎ Hardly had the game started when it started to rain.‎ ‎ 过去进行时 ‎(1) 表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。‎ ‎ She was writing a book about China last year，but I don't know whether she has finished it.‎ ‎(2) 表示过去一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。‎ ‎ It was raining as the medical team made its way to the front.‎ He was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door.‎ ‎(3)‎ ‎ 短暂性动词come，go，leave，arrive，begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作。‎ ‎ They were coming to attend the meeting a few days later.‎ ‎ 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。‎ ‎(1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上势必要发生的事情或没有计划，临时做出的打算。shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。‎ ‎ When will you be able to give us a reply?‎ We shall have a lot of rain next month.‎ ‎—Where is the telephone book?‎ ‎—I'll go and get it for you.‎ ‎(2) be going to do形式表示将来，一般指按计划、打算要做某事，或有迹象要出现的情况。‎ ‎ I am going to buy a computer this summer.‎ It is going to be fine tomorrow.‎ ‎(3) be to do表示将来，一般指按计划或安排要做某事，或按职责、义务和要求必须去做某事。‎ ‎ She is to get married next week.‎ I am to buy some books this afternoon.‎ ‎(4) be about to do 表示将来，多指不久或即将要发生的动作，不强调主观，不能与表示具体时间的状语连用。‎ ‎ The train is about to leave.‎ ‎ 过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照。‎ ‎ He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.‎ She was about to open the door when the telephone rang.‎ ‎ 将来进行时 将来进行时用will/shall be ‎ doing形式表达，表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。‎ ‎ Please don't come at ten tomorrow morning.I will be having a meeting.‎ What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?‎ ‎ 使用被动语态的情况 ‎(1) 不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。‎ ‎ The young man was injured in the car accident.‎ ‎(2) 需要强调动作的承受者时。‎ ‎ Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.‎ ‎(3) 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时。‎ ‎ Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.‎ ‎(4) 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。‎ ‎ The windows were broken by strong wind.‎ ‎(5)有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。‎ ‎ I am determined to take medicine.‎ ‎ 主动语态与被动语态的转化 ‎(1)最基本的变化是将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句的谓语变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”形式，主动句中的主语变为by结构，有时可省略。‎ ‎ We will discuss the plan tomorrow.→The plan will be discussed tomorrow(by us)．‎ ‎(2)谓语动词有两个宾语，变成被动语态时，通常将指人的间接宾语转化成主语，有时也可将指物的直接宾语转化成主语。‎ ‎ The mother gave the child some money. → The child was given some money (by the mother)．或Some money was given to the child (by the mother). ‎ 用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to，for等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。‎ They awarded him the Nobel Prize.→The Nobel Prize was awarded to ‎ him.‎ ‎(3) 谓语动词后跟复合宾语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语不变化，但相应成为主语补足语。‎ ‎ They painted the house white.→The house was painted white (by them)．‎ ‎(4) 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，谓语动词改为be done结构，宾语从句保持不变。‎ ‎ They said that he had gone abroad to study English.→It was said that he had gone abroad to study English.‎ ‎ 没有被动语态的动词 不及物动词，一些表示状态及拥有的及物动词，以及have，get，owe，belong to，cost等动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。‎ ‎ This hall can hold 500 people.‎ The house belongs to my uncle.‎ His careless driving cost him his life.‎