【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句学案（5页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句学案（5页）

‎2018届 二轮复习 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 一、主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。‎ ‎1.it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：‎ ‎1. It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。‎ ‎2. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。‎ ‎3. It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）‎ ‎4. It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）‎ ‎2.用it作形式主语的结构 ‎1. It is+名词+从句 It is a fact that… 事实是……‎ It is an honor that… 非常荣幸……‎ It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 ‎2. It is+形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然……‎ It is strange that… 奇怪的是……‎ ‎3. It is+不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that… 似乎……‎ It happened (to sb.) that… 碰巧……‎ ‎4. It+过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道……‎ It has been proved that… 已证实……‎ It is said that… 据说……‎ ‎3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：‎ ‎1. if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。‎ ‎2. It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ 正确表达：It is said that our headmaster will go to New York next week.‎ 错误表达：That our headmaster will go to New York next week is said.‎ ‎3. It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.‎ 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.‎ ‎4. It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.‎ 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.‎ ‎5. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?‎ 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?‎ ‎4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不充当任何成分。例如：‎ ‎1. What you said yesterday is right. ‎ ‎2. That she is still alive is a consolation(安慰).‎ 二、宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。‎ ‎1.作动词的宾语 ‎1. 由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）。例如：‎ I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。‎ ‎2. 由what，whether (if) 引导的宾语从句。例如：‎ She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。‎ I wonder whether you can help me with my English. 我想知道你是否能帮我学习英语。‎ ‎3. 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：‎ She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我说她会接受我的邀请。‎ ‎2.作介词的宾语。‎ 例如：‎ Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.‎ 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。‎ ‎3.作形容词的宾语。‎ 例如：‎ I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。‎ 注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。‎ ‎4.it可以作为形式宾语 it不仅可以作形式主语，还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。例如：‎ We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个月就会结婚了。‎ ‎5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：‎ 正确表达：I admire their winning the match.‎ 错误表达：I admire that they won the match.‎ ‎6.否定转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：‎ I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。‎ 三、表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有The reason is that…和It is because…等结构。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.‎ ‎2. This is why we can’t get the support of the people.‎ ‎3. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.‎ 四、同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。‎ ‎1.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。例如：‎ The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.‎ ‎2.同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：‎ He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.‎ ‎3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎1. 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。‎ ‎2. 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：‎ ‎(1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.‎ ‎（第一个that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）‎ ‎(2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.‎ ‎（that引导同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）‎