【英语】2018届二轮复习介词和介词短语学案（32页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习介词和介词短语学案（32页）

‎2018届二轮复习 介词和介词短语 介词和介词短语的考查主要出现在完形填空中,在写作中这也是非常值得注意的一个问题,介词失误会给老师留下不好的印象。因此,这一部分是偏重基础而又十分重要的部分。‎ 对于这一部分的学习,我给同学们最重要的建议就是把功夫下在平时的学习中。介词和介词短语很大程度上就是在考查同学们的记忆程度,所需记忆的知识点非常多但是也有规律可循。例如,on除了“在……上面”,还有“在……方面”的意思,可能之前你没有见过某个短语,但是你能判断出短语的意思是“在某方面”,那就可以用on。还可以使用类比法,如果你记得in surprise,那么你也应该能猜出in delight的意思。相同用法的灵活使用可以帮你很大的忙。另外还有非常重要的一点是,多义短语千万不可只记一个义项。只要同学们平时多留心,多灵活使用,就一定能很好地掌握介词和介词短语的用法。‎ 真题训练 ‎1.Many people who live along the coast make a living ________fishing industry.(2017北京真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 in ‎【解析】‎ ‎ 考查介词。句意:很多生活在沿海地区的人们在捕鱼行业谋生。表示在某个行业或某个领域应用介词in。‎ ‎2.Determining where we are ________relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 in ‎【解析】 考查介词短语。句意:确定我们与周围环境的关系仍然是我们生存的一项基本技能。in relation to“与……有关”。‎ ‎3.Are you interested ________becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?(2016全国Ⅱ真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 in ‎【解析】 本题考查介词。句意:你对成为一名音乐家并得到一份录音合同感兴趣吗?be interested in...“对……感兴趣”,固定搭配。‎ ‎【高手悟道】 形容词与介词的固定搭配 ‎(1)与at搭配的形容词:afraid,angry,good,bad,clever,surprised,excited,puzzled,frightened等;‎ ‎(2)与of搭配的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy等;‎ ‎(3)与with搭配的形容词:angry,strict,careful,busy,popular等;‎ ‎(4)与in搭配的形容词:weak,strict,rich,interested,successful等;‎ ‎(5)与to搭配的形容词:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,known,married,close,similar,due等;‎ ‎(6)与for搭配的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry等;‎ ‎(7)与from搭配的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent,tired等;‎ ‎(8)与about搭配的形容词:sorry,worried,anxious,careful,sure,certain等。‎ ‎4.Five years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test 　　　　　　the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.(2016全国Ⅱ真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 at ‎【解析】 本题考查介词。句意:五年前,当我在西雅图一所学校教艺术课时,学期初我用Tinkertoys来测试学生。at the beginning of...“在……开始”。‎ ‎5.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ‎ ‎________influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.(浙江真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 in ‎【解析】 本题考查介词。句意:研究表明,我们成长的文化影响我们看我们周围世界的基本过程。we grow up in 是定语从句,省略了引导词that/which,与cultures搭配用in,故填介词 in。‎ ‎6.When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________the same time,they warm up again for the night.(全国Ⅱ真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 at ‎【解析】 本题考查介词。句意:……同时,它们(墙壁)又为夜晚加热。at the same time“与此同时”,为固定短语。‎ ‎7.It is said that body language accounts ________55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.(福建真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 for ‎【解析】 本题考查介词。句意:据说体态语在第一印象中占55%的作用,而你所说的话仅仅占7%。account for“导致;(比例)占……”。‎ ‎【高手悟道】 动词与介词搭配的短语比较多,需要在平时的学习中逐一记忆。如:dream of 梦想;insist on 坚持;depend on 依靠;belong to 属于;lead to导致;deal with 处理;argue about 争论;call on 拜访;refer to 提到。‎ ‎8.The Scottish girl ________blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.(陕西真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 with ‎【解析】 本题考查介词。句意:在第五届汉语演讲大赛中,那个蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩赢得了一等奖。此处表示“有”蓝眼睛,用with。‎ ‎【高手悟道】 with是个高频介词。其用法主要有:‎ ‎①和……一起 Put this bag with the others.‎ 把这个包和其他的包放在一起。‎ ‎②(表示同时或同一方向)随着 With the number of English learners on the rise,it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.随着英语学习者的数量越来越多,对他们来说在汉语的上下文里理解这些单词并不是很困难。‎ ‎③具有,带有 The dictionary is what I want,but I don’t have enough money with me.‎ 这本字典正是我想要的,但是我没带够钱。‎ ‎④由于,因为 There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.‎ 在我们学校自行车存放处有一个问题。‎ ‎⑤(表示方式)用 What will you buy with the money?‎ 你会用这笔钱买什么?‎ ‎9.People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying 　　　　　　expression.(浙江真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 for ‎【解析】 本题考查介词。句意:当人们还有很多自己迫切需要表达的想法时,他们是不会注意你的。cry for“迫切需要”,是固定搭配。‎ ‎10.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________half an hour.(北京真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 in ‎【解析】 本题考查介词。句意:简很匆忙,因为开往机场的火车半小时后就要开动了。根据句子的一般现在时表示将来以及空后表示时间段的half an hour判断填介词in,表示“在……之后”。‎ Most of us are more focused ________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016全国Ⅱ真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 on　句意:我们中的大多数人早上比一天中的晚些时候更能专心于工作。固定短语be focused on“专心于,集中于”。‎ 表时间的介词 ‎(1)at,on,in ‎①at:用在钟点、黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜、节日等时间名词前或一段时间的开头或结尾;‎ ‎②on:用在具体的某一天、星期几及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等时间名词前,即on表示具体的时间;‎ ‎③in:用在某年、月、季节及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等的时间名词以及较长的时间如:世纪、朝代之前。‎ ‎(2)for,during,through ‎①for:指某个动作或状态持续了多长时间;‎ ‎②during:指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次,或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过,起止时间比较明显;‎ ‎③through:在……期间;从……开头到结尾(最后那天包括在内)。‎ ‎(3)from,since ‎①from:表示某动作或情况自某时开始,不表示什么时候结束;‎ ‎②since:常表示某动作或情况自某时开始,一直持续到说话时刻。‎ ‎(4)before,by,until,till ‎①before:早于,在……之前;‎ ‎②by:a.表示“不迟于……,在(某时)前”;b.表示“在……期间,在……时间内”;‎ ‎③until:是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始;‎ ‎④till意义与until相同。‎ ‎(5)after,in,within ‎①after:后接时间段表示过去“一段时间之后”,与一般过去时连用;后接时间点表示“某一时刻之后”,与将来时连用;‎ ‎②in:后接时间段表示“在何时”或将来“一段时间之后”,与将来时连用;‎ ‎③within:指“在……之内”,强调事情发生的全过程不超过某一段时间。‎ ‎【温馨提示】 ①in the past意为“在过去”,常与过去时连用;‎ ‎②“in the past/last+一段时间”意为“在过去的……中/内”,表示从现在算起过去的一段时间,包括此时此刻在内,常与现在完成时连用。‎ ‎3.表示“支持,反对”的介词 against意为“反对”,指在观点或主张方面与某人采取对立的态度;此外against还有“倚靠,逆着,相反”的意思。‎ for指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度,意思是“支持,赞成”,与in favor of同义。‎ ‎4.表“关于”的介词:about,on,of about侧重于与人或事物有关的事迹或情况。on侧重于阐述或论及相对重大或深奥的理论、学术等问题。在与tell,read,know,think等动词连用时,of侧重于粗略涉及,而about涉及的情况则详细得多。‎ ‎5.表“除……之外”的介词:besides,except,but,other than,except for,apart from ‎(1)except:not including除……以外(不再有……);besides:in ‎ addition to除……之外(还有……)。如:‎ We all passed the exam except Tom.‎ 除Tom没及格外,我们都及格了。(Tom没及格)‎ We all passed the exam besides Tom.‎ 除了Tom外,我们也都及格了。(Tom也及格了)‎ ‎(2)except for表示“除了……”之意,用来表示从某一细节方面来修正前面概括性的说法,其后的宾语一般与句子所涉及的东西不属同类。如:‎ The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. ‎ 这篇作文写得很好,就是有些拼写错误。‎ 说明:当except用于句首时,后面往往要加上for。如:‎ Except for this,everything is in good order.=Everything is in good order except this.除此以外,一切正常。 ‎ ‎(3)except,but和other than都可接名词、代词、动词-ing,可以互换;但except后接副词、介词短语、when引导的从句等时,but和other than不可替换except。如:‎ He has always been in high spirits except recently.‎ 除近来外,他总是精神饱满。‎ The window is never opened except in summer.‎ 除夏季外,这扇窗户从不打开。‎ He has always been busy except when it is Sunday. ‎ 除星期日外,他总是很忙。‎ ‎(4)but,except后都可接that从句作宾语,此时but和except可以互换。如:‎ I asked nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week. ‎ 我只要求他每隔一周给我写封信。‎ ‎(5)apart from具有多个意思,既可以表示besides的意思又可表示except,except for的意思。如:‎ Apart from his nose,he’s quite good-looking. ‎ 他除了鼻子以外,哪儿都很好看。‎ Apart from the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs. ‎ 他除了脸部和双手受伤以外,两条腿也断了。‎ ‎6.of+抽象名词=形容词+of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词;of+no+抽象名词=(not+)形容词。如:‎ It is of no use.=It is not useful.=It is useless.它没用。 ‎ He is twenty years of age.=He is twenty years old. ‎ 他20岁。‎ This matter is of much importance.=This matter is very important. ‎ 这件事非常重要。‎ ‎7.介词with的用法 ‎(1)表示“和……在一起”,“由……陪同”或“有……在场”。如:‎ Mr.and Mrs.Smith were there with their three little children. ‎ 史密斯夫妇和他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。‎ ‎(2)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。如:‎ With time passing by,they have grown up. ‎ 随着时间的流逝,他们都长大了。‎ ‎(3)表示“带有、带来、带走、携带”等表伴随的意思。如:‎ The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee. ‎ 服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。‎ ‎(4)引导一个表示方式的状语。如:‎ She lay back in the chair with her eyes closed. ‎ 她闭着眼睛背靠在椅子上坐着。‎ ‎(5)指原因或理由。如:‎ She was shivering with cold. ‎ 她冷得发抖。‎ ‎8.介词by的用法 ‎(1)表示“不迟于(某时间)”。如:‎ We have to be home by ten o’clock. ‎ 我们十点钟之前得到家。‎ ‎(2)表示“在……期间(一段指明的时间)”。如:‎ They decided to travel by night. ‎ 他们决定在夜里旅行。‎ ‎(3)指人体或物体的某一部分。如:‎ He seized me by the arm.他抓住我的胳膊。 ‎ ‎(4)表示“由于……的结果”。如:‎ He succeeded by hard work. ‎ 他由于努力工作而成功。‎ ‎(5)含有“以……的幅度”的意思。如:‎ This one is shorter than the other by three inches. ‎ 这一个比那一个短三英寸。‎ We lost the match by one goal. ‎ 我们以一球之差输了那场比赛。‎ ‎(6)表示买卖东西计算所依据的数或量。如:‎ Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen. ‎ 牛奶按品脱卖,黄油按磅卖,鸡蛋按打卖。‎ ‎(7)表示“按照……”或“根据……”。如:‎ By the expression on his face,he seemed to be displeased. ‎ 从他的面部表情看来,他似乎不高兴。‎ ‎(8)表示“因……而得到结果”或“凭着”。如:‎ It was only by chance that I heard the news. ‎ ‎1.在……之下 with the help of在……帮助之下 under the leadership/direction/protection/control of...在……的领导/指导/保护/控制下 in the sun/shade在阳光/阴影下 ‎2.一……就……‎ at the sight/thought of...一看见/想到……就……‎ upon/on one’s arrival一到达就……‎ on doing sth.一做……就……‎ ‎3.as a+n.‎ as a consequence结果 as a matter of fact事实上,其实 as a result因此,结果 as a whole作为一个整体,整体上 ‎4.at+n.‎ at peace处于和平中 at ease安心自在,不拘束 at random随意地,胡乱地 at work在工作 at rest静止不动 at risk有危险,冒险 ‎5.at the+n.+of at the cost of以……为代价 at the end of在……的尽头 at the foot of在……的脚下 at the mercy of在……的支配下;任由……摆布 ‎6.介词by短语 by hand用手 by mistake错误地 by nature天生地,出于本性地 by chance/accident偶然 by design故意地 by surprise突然(冷不防,出其不意地)‎ by turns轮流地,交替地 ‎7.介词in短语 ‎(1)in+n.表示方式 in shape在外形上 in cash用现金付 in brief简言之 in detail详细地 in general一般说来 in person亲自 in turn轮流,依次 in advance事先,提前 ‎(2)in+n.表示状态 in order整齐 in doubt怀疑 in danger处于危险中 in surprise惊奇地 in public公开地 in shame由于害羞 in comfort舒适地 in store贮藏着,准备着,就要来到 in stock现有,备有 in silence沉默,无声地 in tears流着泪 in trouble处于困境(苦恼)中 in support of支持;拥护 in terms of在……方面 in the case of就……来说;至于 in the course of在……期间,在……过程中 in the direction of向……方向,在……方向 in the face of面对(问题、困难等)‎ in the form of以……形式 in the hope of怀着……的希望 in the middle of在……的中间 in the eyes of在……看来 in the way of就……而言,关于 in the name of以……的名义;代表 in view of鉴于,考虑到;由于 ‎8.介词on短语 on a large scale大规模地,大范围地 on duty值日 on fire着火,失火 on guard站岗,值班 on holiday在度假,在休假 on sale出售;减价 on show/display展览;展出,陈列 on the air正在播送 on strike在罢工 ‎9.介词out of短语 out of sight看不到 out of mind发狂 out of danger脱离危险 out of trouble摆脱困难 out of office在野,不执政 out of business失业 out of fashion不流行 out of order出故障 out of control不受控制 out of breath气喘吁吁 out of condition身体不佳 out of date过时 out of one’s reach某人够不着 out of work失业,没有工作 ‎10.介词under短语 under discussion在讨论中 under treatment在治疗中 under control被控制 under attack被袭击 under consideration正在考虑中 ‎11.介词with短语 with pleasure (客气地接受或同意)乐意地;很愿意 with delight高兴地 with satisfaction满意地 with difficulty困难地 with ease轻而易举地 with pride骄傲地 ‎12.from...to...构成的短语 from beginning to end从头到尾 from head to foot从头到脚,浑身 from bad to worse越来越糟 from time to time不时地 from place to place各处 from door to door挨门挨户地 from top to bottom整个地,彻底地 from cover to cover(书)从头到尾 from hand to mouth勉强糊口 from generation to generation一代一代地 from day to day日复一日 ‎13.n.+prep.+n.短语 ‎(1)n.+by+n.‎ step by step一步一步地 one by one一个接一个地 little by little一点一点地 day by day一天一天地 ‎(2)n.+after+n.‎ day after day日复一日地 year after year年复一年地 ‎(3)n.+in+n.‎ arm in arm臂挽着臂地 hand in hand手牵手地 ‎(4)n.+to+n.‎ face to face面对面地 back to back背靠背地 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地 ‎14.其他介词短语 according to根据……所说;按照 after a (short) while不久以后 after all毕竟,终究 all in all总的来说,总计 all over the country遍及全国 all over the world全世界 around the corner即将来临,在拐角处 because of因为;由于 first of all首先 free of charge免费 free from不受……影响;没有……的 for fear of唯恐,以免,担心 from dawn till dusk从早到晚 from then on从那时起 in return作为回报 in case以防万一 in all总共 in short简言之 in fact事实上 in place在适当的位置;适当的 in effect生效,起作用 in exchange for交流,交换 in preference to优先于 in agreement with协调,相合,一致 next to贴近 nothing but (except)只是 of course当然;自然 of late最近,近来 of one’s own属于某人自己的 off duty下班 on top of在……之上 once more=once again再一次 once upon a time很久以前;从前 one after another相继,顺次 or so大约……上下 over the centuries经过几个世纪 plenty of充足的,相当多的;许多;大量的 regardless of不管,不顾 through thick and thin不顾艰难 to the point中肯;扼要,切中要害 under way在进行中 up and down上上下下,来回地 up to date现代的,时新的,据目前所知的 高招1精确记忆常见的介词和介词短语 典例1 Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat ________their hands.(全国Ⅲ真题) ‎ ‎【剖析】 with　句意:筷子并非在亚洲所有地方使用。比如在印度,大多数人习惯于用手抓饭。固定短语:with one’s hands 用某人的手。‎ 典例2 Instead,I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour away ________car and ‎ offers all the scenery of the better-known city.(全国Ⅰ真题) ‎ ‎【剖析】 by　句意:反而,我直接去了阳朔。对于那些飞往桂林的人来说,开车只需要一个小时的路程……。乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式,by car“开车”。‎ 典例3 I got a place next ________the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.(全国Ⅱ真题) ‎ ‎【剖析】 to　句意:我找了个靠窗的位置,那样我可以很好地看到人行道。next to“紧挨着,紧靠着”,为固定短语。‎ ‎【方法综述】 首先,观察空格前是否有名词、动词、形容词等,根据介词与它们的搭配来判断答案,解题的关键是掌握一些固定搭配和固定短语。‎ 其次,熟练掌握介词的基本用法,即介词后用名词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语。解题时,观察空格后是否有这一类词,以此确定所填词是否是介词。‎ 高招2正确区分高频介词和连词 典例1 用because或because of填空 ‎(1)The open-air celebration has been put off ________the bad weather.(浙江真题) ‎ ‎(2)Most people work ________ it’s unavoidable.In contrast,there are some people who actually enjoy work.(浙江真题) ‎ ‎【剖析】 (1)because of　句意:因为天气恶劣,户外的庆祝活动已被推迟。because of为复合介词,后面接名词、代词或相当于名词的词作宾语。‎ (2) because　句意:绝大多数人上班是因为不得不上,然而,也有一些人确实喜欢自己的工作。because是从属连词,引导原因状语从句。‎ 典例2 用as或with填空 ‎(1) ________April 18’s railway speedup,highway and air transport will have to compete with better service for passengers.(江苏真题) ‎ ‎(2) ________the years passed,many occasions—birthdays,awards,graduations—were marked with Dad’s flowers.(湖南真题) ‎ ‎【剖析】 (1)With　句意:鉴于4月18日铁路提速,高铁将不得不与航空比拼优质服务来赢得旅客信赖。with是介词,后接宾语。‎ (3) As　句意:随着时间的推移,很多场合,比如生日、获奖、毕业等,都会得到父亲的鲜花。as是从属连词,引导状语从句。‎ 典例3 用although或despite填空 ‎(1)It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life ________his great wealth.(江西真题) ‎ ‎(2) ________small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.(天津真题) ‎ ‎【剖析】 (1)despite　句意:让人难以置信的是卢卡斯先生虽然非常富裕但是却过着简朴的生活。结合语境可知,此处填介词despite表示“尽管”。‎ ‎(2)Although　句意:尽管这个公司很小,它却在30多个国家拥有约1000个买家。根据句意可知,前后两部分有让步关系,故用连词(al)though。‎ ‎【方法综述】 介词后只能跟名词词性的单词或短语(包括动词-ing形式),而连词当中的从属连词跟的是含有主谓成分的句子(即从句)。‎ 疑难解释 介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语有不同意义。英语中一些介词及其搭配是固定的,选择介词搭配时要从英语本义上考虑,不能只看其汉语表面意思。‎ 一、单句填空 知识点:常用介词的用法 ‎1.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are 　　　　　　 ________it. ‎ ‎【答案】 against ‎【解析】 句意:达成协议似乎不可能,因为大多数委员会成员都反对它。这里用be against,意为“反对”。 ‎ ‎2.Nothing is so easy as ________parents to raise their expectations of their children too high. ‎ ‎【答案】 for ‎【解析】 句意:父母很容易对自己的孩子产生过高的期望值。形容词easy说明不定式to raise...的特性,所以不定式的逻辑主语用介词for引出。for parents“对父母来说”。‎ ‎3.—I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday.Any good ideas?‎ ‎—How about the Moon Lake?It is ________　easy reach of the city. ‎ ‎【答案】 within ‎【解析】 句意:——我在寻找一个就近的地方度假。有什么好主意吗?——月亮湖怎么样?它离城市不远。由题干中关键信息“a nearby place”可知,要对方推荐一个附近的地方度假,而介词短语within ‎ easy reach of意为“在……附近,距离……不远”。 ‎ ‎4.September 30 is the day ________which you must pay your bill. ‎ ‎【答案】 by ‎【解析】 句意:九月三十日之前你必须缴付账单。该介词与关系代词which一起引导定语从句,which指the day;再根据“到……为止”可知用by。‎ ‎5.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃ ________　the average. ‎ ‎【答案】 above ‎【解析】 句意:去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年,全球的温度比平均温度高出了0.68度。根据上文的the warmest可知,应为above。above the average“超出平均值”。 ‎ ‎6.On weekends I like to get my mind off my work ________　reading good books. ‎ ‎【答案】 by ‎【解析】 句意:在周末,我喜欢通过阅读好书来放松。根据句意可知,这里用介词by表示手段,意思是“通过……”。‎ ‎7.We should talk about the things ________the children’s ‎ understanding in a simple way. ‎ ‎【答案】 beyond ‎【解析】 句意:我们应该用一种简单的方式谈论超过孩子们理解能力的东西。‎ ‎8.Four Chinese models were ________the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. ‎ ‎【答案】 among ‎【解析】 among表示“三者或三者以上的同类事物之间”。根据题干中“在……获奖的14个人里边,中国模特占4人”可知,填among。‎ 知识点:常用介词短语 ‎9. ...and my credit card had already been charged ________ the reservation. ‎ ‎【答案】 for ‎【解析】 句意:……我的信用卡已经为这次预订付钱了。charge...for...“因……向……收费”,是固定搭配。‎ ‎10.The Smiths are praised ________the way they bring up their children. ‎ ‎【答案】 for ‎【解析】 句意:史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。因句中“are praised”这一被动结构,考生很容易理解为“被……表扬”,而误填by。其实根据句意可知,这是固定短语be praised for...,意为“因……而受到称赞”。‎ ‎11.A serious study of physics is impossible ________some knowledge of mathematics. ‎ ‎【答案】 without ‎【解析】 句意:如果没有一点数学知识,要认真研究物理是不可能的。根据句意可知,这里用介词without,表示“没有,缺乏”。‎ ‎12.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________　the benefit of all its citizens. ‎ ‎【答案】 for ‎【解析】 句意:为了所有公民的利益,中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。根据句意可知,这里要用介词短语for the benefit of,意为“为了……的利益”。‎ ‎13.Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________the contrary,he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. ‎ ‎【答案】 on ‎【解析】 句意:布朗说他一点都不生气,相反,他很高兴能使大家明白自己(说的)。根据句意可知,这里要用介词短语on the contrary,意为“相反地”。 ‎ ‎14.I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you.　　　　　　 ‎ regard to the party on July 1st,I shall be pleased to attend. ‎ ‎【答案】 With ‎【解析】 句意:我很高兴收到你的邮件,关于7月1号的那个聚会,我会很乐意参加。这里用介词短语with regard to,表示“就……而言,关于”。‎ ‎15.The manager wants to see changes in the company,and I am sure he will ________time. ‎ ‎【答案】 in ‎【解析】 句意:这位经理想看到公司的变化,我确信他迟早会看到的。根据句意可知,这里用短语in time表示“迟早,最后,及时”。 ‎ ‎16.Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always ________ 　the way whenever she tries to. ‎ ‎【答案】 in ‎【解析】 句意:史密斯太太发现很难收拾干净,因为每当她试图收拾时,她的孩子们总是妨碍她。根据句意可知,这里是短语in the way,表示“挡道,妨碍”。 ‎ ‎17.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest,look in your local library ________a book about it. ‎ ‎【答案】 for ‎【解析】 句意:在你到某一旅游胜地去游览之前,先在你当地的图书馆找本相关的书看看。这里关键是要认识到动词look与空格处的介词构成固定短语的时候,中间隔有短语in your local library,所以本句可以理解为“...look for a book about it in your local library.”。 ‎ ‎18.An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________　　　chance a long-lost antique Greek vase. ‎ ‎【答案】 by ‎【解析】 句意:一位艺术家近来坐渡船去南部岛屿旅游的时候偶然间发现了一个遗失多年的古希腊花瓶。根据句意可知,这里用短语by chance表示“偶然,无意间”。 ‎ 二、语篇填空 Passage 1(2017河南豫南九校模拟)‎ I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer from depression.My parents noticed but felt that since I’d always been 　1　 good child,this was temporary. 　2　(fortunate),it was not to be so.I didn’t have friends.Hardly could I share my problems.Deep worry began to destroy my 　3　(confident).Finally I refused to attend classes,　4　(shut) myself in my room for hours. ‎ The examination was approaching,but I simply didn’t care.My parents and teachers were surprised 　5　 my bad performance.One morning,　6　 a particularly severe lecture from my father,I stood at the school gate,　7　 (depress).Then as the other students marched to their classrooms,our headmaster called me.‎ The next forty-five minutes was one of the most precious moments in my life.She said she 　8　(notice) a big change in me and wondered why.At first she took my hands in 　9　(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.Then she hugged me as I wept.Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug. ‎ No one had tried to understand what my real problem was except the headmaster,　10　 helped me out simply by ‎ listening and hugging. ‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。主要介绍一位九年级开始抑郁的学生在校长的帮助下摆脱了困境。‎ 1. a　本题考查冠词。a good child“一个好孩子”。‎ ‎2.Unfortunately　本题考查副词。句意:不幸的是,情况并非如此。此处副词用来修饰整个句子。‎ ‎3.confidence　本题考查名词。由前面my判断,后面应是名词(confidence)。‎ ‎4.shutting　本题考查非谓语动词。此处用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎5.at　本题考查介词。固定搭配:be surprised at“对……感到惊讶”。故填at。 ‎ ‎6.after　本题考查介词。句意:我父亲对我严厉批评之后。此处填介词after“在……之后”。‎ ‎7.depressed　本题考查非谓语动词。此处是动词-ed形式表示伴随状态,“感到沮丧”,故填depressed。‎ ‎8.had noticed　本题考查动词时态。句意:她说她已经注意到我有一个大的变化并想知道原因。‎ ‎9.hers　本题考查代词。句意:她拉着我的手……故用名词性物主代词。‎ ‎10.who　本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为名词headmaster,从句中缺少主语。故用关系代词who。‎ Passage 2(2017河南顶级名校联考)‎ Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities,where people are able to make full use of the rapidly-developed Internet technology.Nowadays,can we find a person 　1　 hasn’t experienced online shopping?Definitely not. Online shopping 　2　(welcome) by most people due to various reasons.From the perspective of consumers,it can save some time for people who don’t have much spare time.Just click the mouse,they can get 　3　 they want while staying at home.For the retailers,it can cut some costs for those who don’t have enough circulating funds.　4　(compare) with the traditional trade mode,they don’t have to spend money in renting a house.　5　,there are still some disadvantages in online shopping.First,a face-to-face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy.Second,people will lose 　6　 fun of bargain. ‎ ‎　7　 is undeniable that shopping on the Internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society.It’s 　8　 great urgency that we need to make the relative laws 　9　 the rapid growth of online shopping.Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and 　10　 (convenient) of online shopping without the concern of being cheated. ‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。主要阐述网络购物的优缺点。‎ ‎1.who/that　本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,后面是who/that引导的定语从句,修饰限定先行词person。‎ ‎2.is welcomed　本题考查动词时态、语态。此处叙述一般事实,网上购物出于多种原因受到大多数人的欢迎。故用一般现在时的被动形式。‎ ‎3.whatever/what　本题考查名词性从句。根据句意,只要点一下鼠标,他们就能待在家里买到他们所需要的东西。‎ ‎4.Compared　本题考查非谓语动词。compared with...(与……相比较)在句中作状语。 ‎ ‎5.However　本题考查副词。根据上下文,前面阐述了网购和网络营销的好处,下面介绍由此引发的缺点,故此处表示转折关系。‎ ‎6.the　本题考查冠词。fun后面有定语,故此处使用定冠词,表特指“讨价还价的乐趣”。‎ ‎7.It　本题考查代词。根据句子结构可知,句子的真正主语是that引导的从句,故空格处应填入形式主语It。‎ ‎8.of　本题考查介词。be+of+形容词+名词,相当于be+形容词,可知此处填of。‎ ‎9.with　本题考查介词。with引导的介词短语作伴随状语,表示“随着网上贸易的迅速增长”。‎ ‎10.convenience　本题考查名词。由空前的pleasure可知此处应填名词形式与之并列。故填convenience。‎