2019届二轮复习非谓语动词课件（56张）

2019届二轮复习非谓语动词课件（56张）

考点一 非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语 一、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词)作主语 1.不定式、动名词都可作主语,但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可 以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的 动作。   2.下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 It is/was+ +doing sth. Playingwithfire is dangerous. ( ) To playwithfire will be dangerous. ( )    玩火危险。泛指玩火 玩火会发生危险。 指一次具体的动作 no use / good not any use / good of little use / good worth            非谓语动词 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3.下列句型中常用不定式作主语。 to do sth. It s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。 How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多长时间来完成这项 工作? It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour.我们难以 It be It takes sb. some time difficult / easy / impor tan t /It be .impossible / necessary... careless / clever / foolish / honest /It be .kind / lazy / silly / stupid / wise... for sb of sb               名词 在一个小时内完成这篇作文。 It is stupid of you to write down everything (that)the teacher says.你把老 师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。 二、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)作表语 1.不定式、动名词作表语的区别 非谓语动词 作表语的用法 例句 不定式 表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作 Your task today is to wash the curtains.你今天 的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的工作) 动名词 多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、 经常性的行为 His favorite sport is swimming.他最喜欢的运 动是游泳。(泛指游泳) 2.现在分词、过去分词作表语的区别 3.非谓语动词作remain的表语 主语+remain  She remained standing(=was still standing)though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下,但她还是站着。 The true author of the book remains unknown(=is still unknown). 非谓语动词 作表语的用法 例句 现在分词 表特征,意为:令人……的 The film is exciting.这部电影激动人心。 过去分词 表状态,意为:感到……的 He is excited at the news.听到这个消息他激动不已。 doing : ( ...)done to be done : remain be still          意为 仍然是 意为 仍需被做 这本书真正的作者依然不详。 Much remains to be done.许多事仍需去做。 题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ①It s standard practice for a company like this one to employ (em- ploy)a security officer. ②As we joined the big crowd I got separated (separate) from my friends. ③The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain seated (seat)as the plane was making a landing. 口诀 解释 例句 决心学会想希望 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn t turned up yet.我们约好了在此地见面,但是 她到现在还没有露面。 拒绝设法愿假装 refuse, manage, care, pretend 主动答应选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan 同意请求帮一帮 agree, ask/beg, help 三、非谓语动词作宾语 (一)下列动词一般用不定式作宾语 此外,afford, strive, happen(碰巧), wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾 语。 (二)下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语 口诀 对应动词(词组) 例句 考虑建议盼原谅 consider, suggest/advise,look forward to, excuse/pardon The squirrels were lucky that they just missed be ing caught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。 I would appreciate your calling back this afterno on.我对你今天下午回电话表示感谢。 I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.我几乎不能想象彼 得在五天之内横渡大西洋。 He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn t risk losing the good opportunity. 他为这次工作面试做了充分准备,因为他不能 冒失去这次好机会的风险。 承认推迟没得想 admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想) 避免错过继续练 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice 否认完成就欣赏 deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险 forbid,imagine,risk 不禁介意准逃亡 can t help, mind, allow/permit, escap e 注意: allow, permit, forbid, advise, consider后需加动名词作宾语,但如果后面 有名词或代词作宾语,则用不定式作宾补。 搭配 例句 +  We don t allow smoking in the hall.我们不准在大厅内吸烟。 Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke over there.这里 禁止吸烟,但你可以去那里吸。 allow permit forbid advise consider       doing sth. ( ) sb.to do sth. ( )     动名词作宾语 不定式作宾补 (三)作介词的宾语 无论是普通介词还是含介词的动词短语一般情况下要用动名词形式作 宾语。如: If you insist on doing something, do it everyday. 如果你坚持做某件事,那就每天做。 After finishing his share of the work he went to help the others. 他完成了自己的那部分工作以后, 又去帮助别人。 注意: 1.to既可以作介词,又可以作不定式符号,因此要牢记含介词 to的常用短 语。 含介词to的短语 例句   doing He is used to getting up early.他习惯了很早起床。 Heart failure can sometimes lead to being killed.心力衰竭有 时可能会导致死亡。 I was so angry that I came close to hitting him.我如此生气以 至于差点儿打他一顿。 He was reduced to begging in the street. 他沦落到沿街乞讨。 be used to( ) be accustomed to( ) be opposed to( ) object to( ) lead to( ) be devoted to( ) come close to( ) stick to( , ) get down to( ) pay attention to( ) reduce sb./ sth. to( )             习惯于 习惯于 反对 反对 导致 献身于 差不多 坚持 坚守 着手 注意 使沦为      2.可将介词in省略的短语、句型 题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ④I don t know whether you happen to have heard (hear), but I m go- ing to study in the U. S. A. this September. ⑤The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught (catch). ⑥The man insisted on finding (find)a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. 可将介词in省略的短语、句型 例句 (in)doing I had no difficulty(in)making myself understood.我毫不费力地表达了自己 的意思。 spend... have difficulty have a...time    ⑦According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week watching (watch)TV. ⑧Isn t it time you got down to marking (mark)the papers? 用法 例句 remember          forget  regret  stop  try  to do sth. (do remember) doing sth. (do remember)     记着要做某事 后于 记得已经做过某事 先于 Re member tolockthe door. Iremember lockingthe door.     记得锁门。 我记得把门锁上了。 Istopped diggingand looked at him. , Hestopped to lookat him. (to look at )         我 停 下 不 再 挖 看 着 他 。 他 停 下 来 为 的 是 看 着 他 。 作 目 的 状 语 Try doingmore exercise, and you will lose weight. , I willtry to improvemy habit.       试着多运动 你就会减肥了。 我将努力改进我的习惯。 Rai sin g salarymeans increa sin g purcha sin g power. He didn’tmean to hurtyou.       涨工资意味着提高购买力。 他并没打算伤害你。 to do sth. (do forget) doing sth. (do forget)     忘记要做某事 后于 忘记已经做过某事 先于 to do sth.( ) doing sth.    作状语 停下来做 另外一件事 停下正在做的事 to do sth. doing sth.    努 力 做 某 事 试 着 做 某 事 (四)下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意 义上有区别 续表 用法 例句 mean    can t help  to do sth. doing sth.    打算做某事 意味着做某事 Shecouldn’t help bursting into tears. Thatcan’t help to improve your English.         她禁不住热泪盈眶。 那对你提高英语水平没有帮助。 to do sth. doing sth.    不能帮助做某事 情不自禁做某事 用法 例句 Sb.  to do sth. He needs to leave at once.他需要立即离开。 The window needs cleaning/ to be cleaned.这扇窗户需要擦一下。 Sth.  +  need(s)( ) want(s)( )       需要 想要 need(s) want(s) require(s)         doing ( ) to be done    主动形式表被动 (五)need, want, require既可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾语,但用法不同 (六)deserve,be worth,be worthy(of)既可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾 语,但用法不同 (七)动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词 do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。如: (1)All I could do was go home. (2)We could do nothing but/other than wait. (3)We had nothing to do but/other than wait. (4)We had no choice but to wait. 用法 例句   The place is worth visiting. =The place is worthy to be visited.=The place is worthy of being visited. 这个地方值得参观。 be worth doing( ) deserve to be done to be donebe worthy of being done           主动形式表被动 (八)不定式作动词(词组)tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise, discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how, what,whether,where,when,who等,但why后加不带to的不定式。 注意:此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致, 否则用宾语从句。 He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work.)他给我们演示了怎么做这项工作。 I don t know what to do.(=I don t know what I should do.) 我不知道应该做什么。 We must decide whether to stay or go.(=We must decide whether we ll stay or go.)我们必须决定是留还是走。 题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ⑨I wonder how to solve (solve)this problem. ⑩What can we do but sit (sit)and wait? 考点二 非谓语动词作定语 一、不定式作定语 1.当名词被序数词或the only,the next, the last,the right修饰,且该名词是 作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时,用不定式主动形式作定语。 　　She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 He was the only one to survive the plane crash.他是这次空难中唯一的幸 存者。 He was the right person to do the job.他是做这份工作的合适人选。 2.有些名词的同源动词常跟不定式作宾语,因此这些名词也常跟不定式 作定语,常见的有:wish,decision,refusal,intention,agreement,need,plan, promise,failure,attempt,offer,warning等。 例句 比较 I don t trust his promise to come for a visit. 我不相信他来参观的诺言。 He promised to come for a visit. 他许诺来参观。 He said he had no plans to go there.他说他没有要去那里的 计划。 He didn t plan to go there. 他不打算去那里。 He made an attempt to stand up.他试图站起来。 He attempted to stand up. 他试图站起来。 例句 比较 His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious. 很明显他急于回家。 He was eager to get back home.他急于回家。 A good teacher must have the ability to make himsel f understood.一个好教师必须有把自己的知识讲 明白的能力。 He is able to make himself understood.他有能力把 自己的知识讲明白。 3.有些名词的同源形容词常跟不定式作状语,因此这些名词也常跟 不定式作定语,常见的有:ability, anxiety, eagerness, willingness,readiness, patience,obligation, determination等。 4.有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容,它们是: chance, oppor- tunity, reason, way, effort, measure, movement, power, right, skill, strength, struggle, idea等,不定式可以换成of + doing。 In our country, everyone has the right to go to school. 在我们国家每个人 都有上学的权利。 He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.他有一个 奇特的方法使他的课既生动又有趣。 He thought of a good idea to give up smoking.他想出了戒烟的好主意。 Thank you for giving me a chance to make the speech.谢谢你给我发言的 机会。 5.中心词是作定语的不定式的执行者,动词不定式所表示的动作一般后 于谓语动词或在将来发生。 He had no photographs to remind him of the past. 他没有照片来使他回顾 过去的事情。(remind后于had) We are in need of nurses to look after the patients. 我们需要护士来照顾 病人。(look after后于are in need of) Is there anybody to carry on the work? 有人要继续这项工作吗?(to carry on表示将来) 6.have sth. to do与have sth. to be done的比较 相同处 区别 例句 都有“有……要做”的意思,不 定式中的动词必须是及物动词 或相当于及物动词的短语 have sth. to do结构中,to do的执行者 是句子的主语 I have a letter to post , so I can t go swimmin g with you.我有一封信(需要我)要寄出,因此我不 能和你一起去游泳。 She has a lot of things to attend to.她有许多事情 (需要她)处理。 have sth. to be done结构中,to be done的执行者不是主语而是另有 其人 I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me?我 有一封信想让别人替我寄出去,你能帮我一下 吗? “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid.女仆问:“您有衣服要洗吗?” 注意:作定语的不定式中的动词如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰 的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介 词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 Do you have a cup to drink water with?你有用来喝水的杯子吗? 但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不定式后面的介 词习惯上省去。 He had no place to live. 他没有地方住。 题组训练·单句填空 ①There is no need to build (build)a dam across the small river. ②Her eagerness to work (work)will please the boss. ③I want to buy a brush to paint with . 形式 用法 例句 v.-ing 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的主动 关系,v.-ing形式表示特征 I have never seen a more moving movie. 我从未看过更动人的电影了。 Being+过去分词 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表 动作正在进行 The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师 建的。 过去分词 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系,表动 作已经完成或表状态 “Things lost never come again!” I couldn t help talking to myself.我不 禁自言自语道:“覆水难收啊!” 二、分词作定语 1.及物动词的分词形式作定语 2.不及物动词的分词形式作定语 3.英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人……的”,过 去分词形式表示“感到……的”。 形式 用法 例子 v.-ing 正在进行       过去分词 已经完成 boilingwater boiledwater    沸腾的水 白开水 fallingleaves fallenleaves    正在下落的叶子 落叶 developingcountries developedcountries    发展中国家 发达国家 anexcitingvoice anexcitedvoice    一个令人兴奋的声音 一个兴奋的声音 apuzzlingexpression apuzzledexpression    一个令人困惑的表情 一个困惑的表情 题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ④He was reading a book written (write)by Mark Twain. ⑤The man talking (talk)to Tim is his uncle. 三、动名词作定语 动名词作定语,用来说明被修饰词的用途。 a fishing net渔网(=a net for fishing) a swimming pool游泳池(a pool for swimming) 形式 用法 例句 to be done 表被动、将来 The question to be discussed at tomorrow s meeting is very important.明天在会上将要讨 论的问题非常重要。 being done 表被动、正在进行 Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.听!正唱着的这首歌非常受 学生们的欢迎。 done 表被动、完成 Have you read the novel written by Dickens?你 读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗? 四、to be done,being done和done作定语的区别 题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ⑥There are still many problems to be solved (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. ⑦Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices. ⑧Did you see the boy being questioned (question)by the police? 考点三 非谓语动词作状语 一、不定式、分词作状语的基本原则 不定式、分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保 持一致,即不定式、分词作状语必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被 动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式、分词作状语。 形式 位置 例句 to+动词原形 句首,句中 In order to/To make a study of kang aroos, he went to Australia.为了研 究袋鼠,他去了澳大利亚。 Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year so as to/in or der to/to visit her.她母亲计划每年 至少四次飞到北京去看她。 in order to+ 动词原形 句首,句中 so as to+动词原形 句中 二、不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 2.不定式作结果状语 注意:在only too...to结构中,too...to...并非是“太……而不能……”之 意。此时,与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad等 。 I m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了,我非常高兴。 形式 意思 例句 to+动词原形 结果…… What have I done to offend you?我做什么冒 犯你了? only to+ 动词原形 结果却……(表示意外的或事与愿违的结 果) Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.简匆忙赶回来却发现她的母亲已经 离开了。 so+形容词或副词+as to+ 动词原形 如此……以至于 I m not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down .我 没有愚蠢到把它写下来。 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生某种情绪 的原因。用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious, proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等。 You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道昨天看到她时,我是多么高兴。 4.在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词 不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需 用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有:easy, hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable, safe,dangerous等。 This question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。 This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。 三、分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 形式 意义 v.-ing (doing) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,与句子谓语动词动作同时发生,或基 本上同时发生 having+v.-ed(having done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词动作发生 v.-ed(done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成 being+v.-ed(being done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生 having been+v.-ed (having been done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。 为了强调,还可与while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用。 When offered help,one often says“Thank you”or “It s kind of you”. (时间)当被提供帮助的时候,人们常说“Thank you”或“It s kind of you”。 Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other country in the world.(原因)和其 他大陆分离了数百万年,澳大利亚有许多在世界上任何别的国家都找不 到的动植物。 Generally speaking,if taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(条件) 一般来说,如果按照说明服用,这种药没有副作用。 He glanced at her,noticing that though she was tiny,she seemed very well. (结果)他不经意地看了一下她,注意到她虽然很纤弱,但看起来非常健 康。 Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步) 虽然被告诉过好多次了,但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。 The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)老师进了 实验室,后面跟着一些学生。 四、独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作 独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking 一般来说;frankly speaking 坦白 地说;judging from/by...根据……来判断;taking...into consideration考虑到 ……;to tell you the truth 说实话;compared to/with 与……相比。 Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong. 从口音判断,他是香港人。 To tell you the truth,I am a little tired. 说实话,我有点儿累。 五、独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非 谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格 结构。 独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分 词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③一般用逗号把独立主格结 构与句子分开。 独立主格结构的构成:①名词/代词+分词;②名词/代词+不定式;③with/ without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。 The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday. 考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。 The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被暗杀了,全国上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中。 Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomor- row. 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。 I stood before her with my heart beating fast. 我站在她面前,心脏跳得很快。 题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find (find)it didn t fit. ②Clearly and thoughtfully written (write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ③Group activities will be organized after class to help (help)children develop team spirit. ④ Having spent (spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age. ⑤The lecture having been given (give),a lively question-and-answer session followed. 考点四 非谓语动词作补语 一、后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组 advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite, like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish, wait for,call on,depend on等。 You are not allowed to smoke here. 这里不允许吸烟。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。 注意: 1.think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,imagine,prove,judge等后常用 “to be...”作宾补/主补。 People considered him to be a great leader. 人们认为他是一位伟大的领袖。 They found the answer to be quite satisfactory. 他们觉得那个回答非常令人满意。 He imagines himself to be an able man. 他自认为是个能人。 2.fear,excuse/forgive,refuse,punish,suggest/propose,agree/approve,inform, welcome,insist/persist,hope,arrange,demand,thank,congratulate,prevent后 不能用不定式作补语。 二、非谓语动词作感官动词(词组)、使役动词的宾补 1.感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾 语补足语有四种形式,以see 为例:     I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动,正在进行) I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. see  宾语 doing sth. ( do sth. ) being done ( done )             看见 正做 宾语与宾补为逻 看见 做了 辑上的主动关系 看见 正在被做 宾语与宾补为逻 看见 被做 辑上的被动关系 昨天经过那个小女孩的房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(被动,正 在进行) I d like to see the plan carried out. 我想看到这个计划被执行。(被动,没有一定的时间性) 2.使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的情况: (1)    He made his workers work 12 hours a day. 他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。 He tried to make himself understood. make  宾语 do ( ) done ( )      让 做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 让 被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。 (2)    Don t let your child play with matches. 别让你的孩子玩火柴。 Let the work be done immediately. 工作要马上去做。 let  宾语 do ( ) be done ( )      让 做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 让 被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系     注意:①have sth.done还表示“使……遭受……”之意。 Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时弄伤了腿。 Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.在史密 斯先生外出度假期间,他家被盗了。 ②have sb.doing常用于否定句中,其中have有“允许、容忍”之意。 (3)have  宾语 do sth. (doing sth. ) done ( )               让 做某事 宾语与宾补为逻使 持 辑上的主动关系续做某事 使 被做 宾语与宾补为逻 辑上的被动关系 I won t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允许你和你父亲那么讲话。 ③have还可用于have something to do结构,该结构中have作“有”讲,不 定式作定语。 I have something urgent to inform you. 我有紧急的事要通知你们。 (4)    get  宾语 to do sth. ( doing sth. ) done ( )           使 做某事 宾语与宾补为逻 使 做某事 辑上的主动关系 使 被做 宾语与宾补为 逻辑上的被动关系 He got me to post the letter for him. 他让我替他寄信。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。 I ll get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。 3.下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在 被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at, see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉 (feel)。 Someone was heard to come up the stairs.听见有人上楼了。 三、动词leave,keep,find,catch及介词with后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的 情况: 1.leave  It s wrong to leave the machine running. 让机器一直运转着是不对的。(主动,正在进行) sb./ sth.doing sth. / ( , ) sth.undone ( , , undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched ) sb.to do sth. ( sth.to be done    让某人 物一直处于某种 状态 宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的 主动关系 表示动作正在进行 留下某事未做 宾语与宾语补足语之 间是逻辑上的被动关系 表示被动和完成 一般 以 为多 让某人去做某事 不定式表示 留下某事要做 将来 )            的动作 The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didn t taste deli- cious. 大部分的菜客人们动都没动,因为它们不可口。(被动,完成) He left,leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了,留下我一个人去做所有剩余的工作。(主动,将来) We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.我们 匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)     Keep the engine running.别让发动机熄火。 You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.你应该让我了解他的行踪。 2.keep sb./ sth.doing / sb./ sth.done / ( , )     使某人 物一直做某事 使某人 物被 表示被动 且完成 或表示状态 We found him to be dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。 Often I found her quietly weeping alone. 我经常发现她独自默默流泪。 I found him buried in a novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。 4.catch sb.doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事。 I caught John reading my private letters. 3.find sb.doing sth. sb./ sth.done / ( ) sb./ sth. to be... /       发现某人正在做某事 发现某人 物已经 表完成或状态 发现某人 物 我撞见约翰在偷看我的私人信件。     John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.约翰收到了一份宴请函。工作都完成了,他欣然接受了邀 请。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is hav- ing a hard time. 因为有很多难题要解决,所以这位新任总统的日子不好过。 5.with sb./ sth.doing( , ) sth.being done( ) sth.done ( , ) sth.to do( )     表主动且进行 或表特征 表被动且进行 表被动且完成 或表状态 表示将来 四、常用不定式作主语补足语的句型 Sb./Sth. be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/ thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done+其他。 He is said to have gone abroad. (=It is said that he has gone abroad.) 据说他出国了。 Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 热能被看作是一种能量形式。 You re supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你应该在星期五前结清这笔账。 题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried (carry)out the next year. ②The missing boy was last seen playing (play) near the lake.