2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十二)记叙文之倒叙——“本末倒置”留悬念

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十二)记叙文之倒叙——“本末倒置”留悬念

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十二) 记叙文之倒叙——“本末倒置”留悬念 倒叙是根据表达的需要，把事件的结局或某个最重要、最突出的片段提到文章的前边，然后再从事件的开头按事情原来的发展顺序进行叙述的方法。倒叙也经常出现在高考试题的语篇材料中。采用倒叙的情况一般有三种：一是为了表现文章中心思想的需要，把最能表现中心思想的部分提到前面，加以突出；二是为了使文章结构富于变化，避免平铺直叙；三是为了表达效果的需要，使文章曲折有致，形成悬念，引人入胜。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018•全国卷Ⅲ•C篇 ‎[倒叙之中情节现]‎ ‎[1]While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.‎ ‎[2]Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.‎ ‎[3]Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.‎ ‎[4]The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.‎ ‎[5]Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)．‎ ‎[6]Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.‎ ‎[7]Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.“That is only evidence that traditions. once existed，” he said.‎ ‎[8]“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，” he said. ‎ ‎[9]“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people ‎ ‎1.显现结果(中心段)‎ ‎——第1、2段 关键词：take the center stage; fruitful; prize(可解第28题)‎ ‎2.再叙过程 ‎①校园建筑——第3段 关键词：campus; his original creations ‎②建筑特色——第4段 关键词：different; amazed; curves; a unique view(可解第29题)‎ ‎③建筑理念——第5段 关键词：mixture ‎④内涵评价——第6段 关键句：show a deep ...traditions ‎⑤误解传统——第7、8、9段 关键词：sealed; old things; tend等 ‎⑥研发方式——第10段 关键词：combined with practice(可解第31题)‎ tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are，” said Wang.‎ ‎[10]The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎28．Wang’s winning of means that Chinese architects are________.‎ A．following the latest world trend B．getting international recognition C．working harder than ever before D．relying on foreign architects ‎29．What impressed visitors to the most?‎ A．Its hilly environment.　　 　B．Its large size.‎ C．Its unique style. D．Its diverse functions.‎ ‎31. about Chinese traditions according to Wang?‎ A．Spread them to the world.‎ B．Preserve them at museums.‎ C．Teach them in universities.‎ D．Recreate them in practice.‎ ‎[答案]　28.B　29.C　31.D ‎28．由关键词“the prize”定位到第二段第二句，结合第1段最后一句即可得出答案。‎ ‎29．由“CAA Xiangshan campus”定位到第三段顺势结合第四段中的关键词汇得出答案。‎ ‎31．本题为观点态度题，结合人们“误解传统”及王澍在最后一段的观点推知答案。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Women have made great strides (进步) in sport.Up until 1960’s Olympics, women weren’t allowed to compete in running races over 200 metres in distance.Now, they can compete in every Olympic event.However, this_race is a marathon, and we’re still not at the finish line.‎ Charlotte Edwards, Katy McLean and Kate Richardson Walsh — these are the names of female captains who brought their English teams to victory in the highest international cups of their sports.Have you heard of them？Most likely not.Yet when I mention names like David Beckham, Andy Murray and Lewis Hamilton, undoubtedly you know these sporting legends.So why is that？Because statistically (统计学上) speaking, male sport gets over 90 percent of all sporting coverage in the media in the UK.No exposure to women’s sport comes no demand and no demand comes no exposure — it’s a vicious circle and seems to be a neverending nightmare for female athletes.‎ However, new campaigns like This Girl Can, Girls Active and Girls Make Your Move shed light on women in sport, who in the past didn’t always seem to have the brightest future.These ‎ campaigns encourage every woman — small, tall, strong, graceful, flexible, sporty and not sporty — to get involved in physical exercise and break stereotypes (陈规)．‎ Norway has become somewhat of a pioneer in its efforts to show gender equality in sport.It is playing a whole new ball game with the agreement to pay male and female football players equally.Its government says one can be a footballer and a feminist (女权主义者), because equal play means equal pay.‎ So next time someone tells you that you throw like a girl, throw it right back at them because this girl can.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。男女在体育运动方面还存在许多性别不平等的现象，人们正在努力消除这种不平等的现象。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined part “this race” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A．The distance for some competitive events.‎ B．The equality between men and women in sport.‎ C．The running race over two hundred metres.‎ D．The progress made by all the Olympic athletes.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。画线词所在句子意思是：这是一场马拉松长跑，我们还没有到达终点。根据全文内容可知，在体育方面要达到男女平等仍然任重道远。因此，画线词指代的是体育方面的男女平等。‎ ‎2．Why don’t most people hear of female athletes’ names in the UK?‎ A．Most people in the UK only care about winning athletes.‎ B．Most people in the UK don’t pay attention to sporting events.‎ C．Female athletes are rarely reported by public media in the UK.‎ D．Female athletes are not as excellent as male athletes in the UK.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，大多数人之所以没有听过女运动员的名字，是因为男性运动项目在英国媒体上曝光度占总运动项目的90%，而女性运动项目很少被媒体报道。‎ ‎3．What is This Girl Can intended to do?‎ A．To advise girls to follow stereotypes in sport.‎ B．To inspire girls to become involved in sport.‎ C．To teach girls to play football in their schools.‎ D．To encourage girls to participate in social activities.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“These campaigns encourage every woman ... to get involved in physical exercise and break stereotypes (陈规)．”可知，发起这些运动是为了鼓励女孩子们积极参加体育活动。‎ ‎4．What’s the Norwegian government’s attitude to gender equality in sport?‎ A．Active.　　　　　　　 　B．Indifferent.‎ C．Doubtful. D．Worried.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，挪威是在体育方面为实现男女平等而做出努力的先锋，男足球运动员与女足球运动员同工同酬。因此，挪威政府对在体育方面实现男女平等持积极主动的态度。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Several years ago, my father took us to watch a World Series game.The Yankees were competing against the Dodgers.I did not get to see Sandy, my favorite baseball player in the Dodgers, pitch (投掷), but I wasn’t __1__.The Dodgers won 41, giving them a 20 Series advantage.__2__， ‎ the excitement of being at the game and seeing my team __3__ was soon eclipsed (使黯然失色)．‎ As my mother, father, younger brother and I __4__ the stadium, we passed an open garage that led back into Yankee Stadium.I looked in and __5__ a bus.I stopped as my family __6__.When the garage door started going down __7__， I hit the ground, a notebook and a pen in hand, and rolled inside along with a few other kids.‎ As a stadium door opened, several __8__ came in the garage.They __9__ my notebook.I could feel my heart beat harder with each autograph.But where was Sandy?‎ Finally, Sandy came in, __10__ he boarded the bus before I could get to him.So I climbed up the bus stairs and asked a player sitting in the front to pass my __11__ back to Sandy.It came back with his __12__.To my parents’ great __13__， I was soon escorted (护送) out of the garage.I was floating in the air.The feeling of __14__ lasted for days.‎ With each new World Series season, I wonder what that day and those __15__ moments would have felt like if I hadn’t been in it for __16__， but for the money that a sports star’s signature might bring.Later, my mom framed (镶框) the front and back covers together.It __17__ in my bedroom for decades.I am so __18__ for that day, and for not __19__ that an autograph could be worth anything more than a wonderful moment to be __20__ for a lifetime.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中讲述了自己儿时的一次索要棒球运动员签名的经历。每当回忆起这次经历时，他都感到美妙如初。‎ ‎1．A.interested　　　　　　　 　B．surprised C．disappointed D．satisfied 解析：选C　根据下文获胜的语境可判断，作者没看到最喜欢的球员Sandy投球，但是他并不觉得失望，因为道奇队4比1获胜了。‎ ‎2．A.Otherwise B．Meanwhile C．However D．Therefore 解析：选C　虽然喜欢的球队获胜了，但是看到他们获胜带给作者的激动感很快便淡去了。‎ ‎3．A.attempt B．win C．struggle D．explore 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.entered B．left C．returned to D．got around 解析：选B　当作者和父母、弟弟一起离开棒球场的时候路过了一个敞开式车库，这个车库一直通向洋基体育场。‎ ‎5．A.stopped B．caught C．missed D．spotted 解析：选D　作者往车库里瞧了瞧，看到一辆巴士。‎ ‎6．A.complained B．talked C．walked on D．set off 解析：选C　当家人继续往出口走的时候作者停了下来。‎ ‎7．A.suddenly B．eventually C．repeatedly D．slowly 解析：选D　根据本空后“rolled inside”可判断，当车库门缓缓落下的时候，作者躺倒在地，和其他几个小孩一起滚了进去，手里拿着一本手册和一支笔。‎ ‎8．A.players B．parents C．kids D．drivers 解析：选A　体育场的门打开了，几名运动员进入车库。‎ ‎9．A.noticed B．signed C．ignored D．selected 解析：选B　根据本空后“with each autograph”可判断，他们在作者的手册上签了名。‎ ‎10．A.so B．but C．for D．as 解析：选B　最后Sandy终于出现了，但是他在作者走近他之前就上了巴士。‎ ‎11．A.notebook B．ticket C．present D．baseball 解析：选A　作者爬上了巴士，并让坐在前面的球员帮他把签名手册传给Sandy。上文多处出现的“notebook”是提示。‎ ‎12．A.warning B．signature C．note D．encouragement 解析：选B　根据下文中“I was floating in the air”可判断，作者拿到了Sandy的签名。‎ ‎13．A.delight B．shame C．regret D．relief 解析：选D　作者进到车库的时候父母并不知情，令父母感到宽慰的是，作者被护送出了车库。‎ ‎14．A.adventure B．surprise C．satisfaction D．anxiety 解析：选C　根据上文的描述可判断，作者拿到了Sandy的签名后，仿佛感到自己在空中漂浮，那种满足感持续了好几天。‎ ‎15．A.precious B．critical C．awkward D．historic 解析：选A　每一个新赛季的到来，作者都会回想起那一天和那个珍贵的时刻，若是那天他不是因为热爱而是为了钱而去索要签名的话会是一种什么感觉？‎ ‎16．A.memory B．love C．inspiration D．curiosity 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎17．A.hung B．slept C．hid D．proved 解析：选A　根据上一句中framed可判断，后来母亲给那些签名纸镶了个框，它在作者的卧室里挂了几十年。‎ ‎18．A.upset B．sorry C．grateful D．hungry 解析：选C　根据上下文的语境可判断，作者很感激那一天，很庆幸他当时还不明白签名还有一些其他的用途。‎ ‎19．A.expecting B．insisting C．remembering D．knowing 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.accumulated B．accounted C．treated D．preserved 解析：选D ‎　作者当时还不明白签名还有一些其他的用途，作者感激它让自己拥有了一个值得一生珍藏的美妙瞬间。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 What will most help you lead a long happy and healthy life?‎ Some cultures put more importance on work and money than others.Americans are thought to be addicted to __1__ (they) jobs and making money.They might feel the need __2__ (make) lots of money for education, medical care, houses and cars.For many of us, selfworth is linked to our __3__ (profession) success or failure.Many of us spend most of our lives working — sacrificing other __4__ (activity)．‎ Researchers at Harvard Medical School found that wealth, social position and an important job title do not __5__ (necessary) lead to health and happiness.‎ A professor at Harvard Medical School said, “The surprising finding is that our relationships and how happy we are in our relationships have a powerful influence __6__ our health.” It is not just romantic relationships, but the relationships we build and care for throughout the years with friends, family members and coworkers are important as well.‎ He __7__ (add), “Taking care of your body is important, but __8__ (tend) to your relationships is a form of selfcare too.” Close relationships are __9__ keep people happy throughout their lives — not money or fame.These close relationships protect people from the difficult times that come with growing older and give people __10__ better chance of having a happy life.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了财富和地位未必会使人健康和幸福；与爱人、朋友、亲人以及同事的关系对人的健康和幸福有重要影响。‎ ‎1．their　考查代词。此处作定语，应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词jobs。‎ ‎2．to make　考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the need。‎ ‎3．professional　考查形容词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词success or failure，故用profession的形容词形式。‎ ‎4．activities　考查名词复数。activity是可数名词，此处不仅仅指一项活动，故用activity的复数形式。‎ ‎5．necessarily　考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰动词lead, 需用necessary的副词形式。‎ ‎6．on　考查介词。have an influence on ...“对……产生影响”，为固定短语。‎ ‎7．added　考查动词时态。根据倒数第二段首句的said可知，此处用动词的一般过去时。‎ ‎8．tending　考查非谓语动词。空处作主语；另外，根据空前的句子“Taking care of ...”可知，空处也应用动名词形式与该句构成并列结构。‎ ‎9．what　考查表语从句。what引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语。‎ ‎10．a　考查冠词。中心名词chance在此处是可数名词，泛指一个更好的机会。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear Tom，‎ How are you getting on recently? I was glad to hear that you are going to study in China.So I’m writing to tell you that something about the new edition of us Chinese textbooks.The most significant change is that the large number of ancient poems and essays are added to the textbooks.As we all know, the Chinese people are attached more and more importance to tradition Chinese culture.A tide of learning classic literature, where is considered as our ancestor’s wisdom, are flooding into our country.Thus, to prepare your study, you may as well learn more ancient poems and essays from then on.Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第二句：was→am 第三句：去掉that; us→our 第四句：large前的the→a 第五句：attached→attaching; tradition→traditional 第六句：where→which; are→is 第七句：prepare后加for; then→now