【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之八（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之八（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之八 ‎[一]‎ On Sunday 23 April, most than 30,000 people participated in the 2017 London Marathon, running 26.2 miles (42.2 kilometres)around the city center.‎ The London Marathon has taken place every year since 1981. At the first one, just 6, 225 people completed the course, and since then it has grown into one of the biggest sporting events in the world. It is one of the ‘World Marathon Majors’, which is a competition made up of six global marathon events. The overall male and female winners receive $1 million in prize money between them There are eleven people who have run every London Marathon since it began—they call themselves the ‘Ever Presents.’‎ This year, the winners of the London Marathon were surprisingly both from Kenya—Daniel Wanjiru, who finished in 2 hours and 5 minutes, and Mary Keitany, whose time was 2 hours and 17 minutes.‎ However, most marathon runners are not professional athletes. They are amateurs who have trained for months to raise money for charity or just as a personal challenge. For example, Tom Harrison took three days just to reach the run’s halfway point, as he is crawling the course on his hands and knees dressed as a gorilla(大猩猩), trying to raise money and attention for the charity ‘The Gorilla Organisation’.‎ Matthew Rees was another runner to encourage people, as he stopped just before the finish line to help David Wyeth run the last ‎200m.They did not know each other before, but Matthew saw that David was exhausted and possibly close to collapsing, and wanted to help him finish.‎ Every year there are lots of touching stories like this from the London Marathon, and it is a huge achievement even to run the 26.2 miles !‎ ‎24. What do we know about London Marathon from the text?‎ ‎ A. It has been held continuously for 37 years ‎ B. Most of its runners are professional athletes.‎ ‎ C. Each winner can receive $ 1 million in prize money ‎ D. It’s the most influential sporting event in the world ‎25. What makes the winners of London Marathon this year special?‎ ‎ A. Their nationality B. Their speed ‎ C. Their prize money B. Their purpose ‎26. Why does the author mention the story of Tom Harrison?‎ ‎ A. To tell us competitors can help each other.‎ ‎ B. To prove some amateurs are not good runners ‎ C. To indicate participation matters more than success ‎ D. To show the sports event means charity for some people.‎ ‎27. What is the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A. The London Marathon ‎ B. Impressive Marathon Runners ‎ C. Touching Stories behind Marathon ‎ D. The History of the London Marathon 参考答案：24-27ADAB ‎[二]‎ Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.‎ Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.‎ Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims（声称）as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same species are welcome. Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are ‎ welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.‎ If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting（筑巢）season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.‎ Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.‎ You can see that birds have a language of their own. Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.‎ ‎28. Some scientists believe that most of the time birds’ singing is actually ______.‎ A. an expression of happiness B. an expression of anger C. a way of greeting D. a way of warning ‎29. How does the writer explain birds’ singing?‎ A. By comparing birds with human beings.‎ B. By telling a bird’s story.‎ C. By reporting experiment results.‎ D. By describing birds’ daily life.‎ ‎30. What is a bird’s “territory”?‎ A. An area for which birds fight against each other.‎ B. A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.‎ C. An area which a bird considers to be its own.‎ D. A place where families of other species are not accepted.‎ ‎31. Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season?‎ A. Because they want to find outsiders around.‎ B. Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away.‎ C. Because they want to invite more friends.‎ D. Because their singing helps get rid of their fears.‎ 参考答案：28-31 DACB ‎[三]‎ Reading‎ can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website Book Crossing. com Book Crossing. com  turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group． ‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. Book Crossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it．‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of Book Crossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. Book Crossing combines both. ”‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. ‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E﹣mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. ‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the“real”and not the virtual（虚拟）. The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty﹣five countries. ‎ 21. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph？‎ A. To explain what they are. B. To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.‎ 22. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？‎ A. The book. B. An adventure. C. A public place. D. The identification number.‎ 23. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it？‎ A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B. Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.‎ 24. What is the best title for the text？‎ A. Online Reading：A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books：A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books.‎ 参考答案：32-35 BACD ‎[四]‎ If you have to miss a meal a day, which meal will cause you fewest health problems if you don’t eat it? If you have to make a decision of this type, most people (especially very busy people) will choose to skip breakfast.‎ However, many experts in the field of health consider breakfast ( the meal which “break” you “fast” ) to be the most important meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, they say, we will have the energy and nutrients we need to begin our working day with vigor(活力) and stay hopeful with good honor. However, many people skip breakfast or substitute a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal. What happens if we don’t pay attention to the importance of breakfast?‎ One recent study conducted in the United States tested a large number of people. Participants included both males and females in ages from 12 to 83. The results showed that if a person eats a good breakfast, he or ‎ she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she skips breakfast or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person’s work involves mental activities. The study showed that if school-children eat fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to concentrate on their lessons for a longer period of time than if their breakfast is poor.‎ The study also showed that if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry if they skip breakfast that they eat too much for lunch and end up gaining weight instead of losing. So remember, if you want to lose weight, skipping breakfast will not help you. You will likely lose more weight if you decrease your other meals.‎ ‎32. According to experts, breakfast is the most important meal of the day because __________.‎ A. a good breakfast breaks you down fast ‎ B. breakfast provides what a person needs to work C. you’ll lose weight quickly if you skip breakfast ‎ D. after a long night, you’ll feel very hungry ‎33.The underlined part “substitute a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal”(Para. 2) probably means _______.‎ A. to exchange a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal.‎ B. To change a cup of coffee into a well balanced meal.‎ C. To drink a cup of coffee instead of a well balanced meal.‎ D. To regard a cup of coffee as a well balanced meal.‎ ‎34. The example of school-children in paragraph3 shows that _______.‎ A. a proper breakfast will make mental workers more efficient A. school-children will be quick and attentive all day if they eat breakfast B. C. fruit, eggs, bread and milk are the best breakfast for mental workers D. school-children who have breakfast are much brighter than those who don’t ‎35. Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?‎ A. Some people skip breakfast because they want to be slimmer.‎ B. Most people who skip breakfast actually eat more for lunch.‎ C. Skipping breakfast won’t help people who want to lose weight.‎ D. People put on weight because they eat too much breakfast.‎ 参考答案：31-35 ABCAD ‎[五]‎ People often go to cafes to relax themselves and keep themselves from falling asleep, but Mr. Healing, a popular cafe chain in South Korea actually does the opposite. Customers can come in, order a drink,‎ ‎ lie down a comfortable massage（按摩）chair, and take a nap.‎ Many Koreans suffer from a lack of sleep as a result of overworking, so any opportunity to relax and even take a nap is greatly appreciated. Mr. Healing is the perfect place to go when you’re on a short work or school break and you need to catch up on sleep. The cafe offers massage periods in various modes, depending on how much time you have and how you choose to spend it.‎ The 20-minute session is priced at $ 3.5, the 30-minute massage costs $ 7, and the 50-minute session is $ 9, all of which also include a drink. Once you make your choice, you are taken to the “healing center”. You are asked to take off your shoes as well as any jewelry that might damage the chairs, after which you can choose a massage mode, from “stretch” or “sleep”. You can start with stretch for a few minutes, and then switch to sleep if you want to take a short nap. After it comes to an end, you are taken back to the cafe area to enjoy a coffee or one of the many other refreshing drinks on the menu.‎ Mr. Healing cafes are so popular in Korea that customers are advised to make reservations in advance to be sure that a massage chair is available. “I have to sit on a chair and stare at a computer monitor all day due to my job, the healing room was truly effective to relieve tiredness and stress from weekdays,” said Park Hye-sun, a 24-year-old officer.‎ Some have described Mr. Healing and other similar cafes in South Korea as simple fashions, but others see them as a sustainable business model, because they offer a service that Koreans really need.‎ ‎24. Why do customers come to Mr. Healing?‎ A. To have themselves checked.‎ B. To rest for a while. C. To drink specialty coffee D. To sleep before work.‎ ‎25. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A. The price of the service. B. The choices for customers.‎ C. The process of the service. D. The tips for customers.‎ ‎26. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. The massage. B. The coffee. C. A sound sleep. D. Your choice.‎ ‎27. What is Park’s attitude towards Mr. Healing?‎ A. Negative. B. Neutral. C. Critical. D. Positive.‎ 参考答案：24-27 BCAD ‎[六]‎ Do you worry about entering senior high school? Everything, from study to environment, has changed. Can you adapt yourself to it? You’re not alone. Remember that everybody else in your year is in the same boat. You may not notice it, but they’re just as nervous as you are. Moving to senior high school is a chance, not a problem. Things are different, and all you need to do is to be polite and learn the new rules. The teachers will help. If you don’t know what to do or are worried about something, then ask for help. Teachers are probably the best people to turn to, because they have experience in helping new students. Pay attention to what your teachers say. Everything changes. There are lots of differences between junior high school and senior high school. You will have your lessons with different teachers in different rooms. You will have homework for different subjects on different days, so make sure you get organized. Make sure you know which rooms your classes are in and which days you have your different subjects on. Other ‎ points: If you’ve got an older brother or sister at the school, then ask them for advice. Be yourself! It sounds simple, but things will become better if you just act naturally. Having early nights makes a difference. You’ll also find it easier to get up in the morning! ‎ ‎28. What does the author think of entering senior high school? ‎ A. It sounds simple.              ‎ B. It is a difficult problem. C. It’s a good chance.‎ D. It’s worrying.‎ ‎29. When you don’t know what to do, you can _______.‎ A. turn to your teachers B. follow your younger brother C. write your problems down D. go to bed early   ‎ ‎30. Which of the following does the author suggest you do?‎ A. Ask your classmates for help.‎ B. Don’t be shy. C. Pay attention to others.‎ D. Just act naturally.‎ ‎31. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.‎ A. teach students how to organize themselves B. tell students a story C. help students that are going to senior high school D. tell students how to make full use of time 参考答案：28-31 CADC ‎[七]‎ English nowadays is widely used in science, business, the media and ‎ popular culture. Every time we turn on the news to see what’s going on in East Asia, or Africa, or South America, or elsewhere, local people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English.‎ Indeed, if one looks at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language, he or she would be surprised. English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi-official language. English is the working language of many international colleges as well as of most international research scientists. It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are learning English now.‎ One of the most remarkable sides of the spread of English around the world has been the extent (程度) to which Europeans are accepting it as their language. English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now firmly set up as a second language in countries such as Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Denmark. If one visits any of them, it would seem that almost everyone there can communicate with ease in English.‎ Recently, a special survey of Europeans’use of languages has just been published. The report said that English is the most widely known foreign language now, with 43% of Europeans saying they speak it and that Sweden now holds the most of English speakers, with over 89% of the population. What’s more, English is the language rated as the most useful language to know, with over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language considering it useful. English has without doubt become the global language.‎ ‎52. The best title for this passage is “_______”.‎ A. An official language B. Global language C. English in Europe D.A special survey ‎53. About English, which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A. English is the first language in ‎ Denmark. B. All African people can speak English. C. English is the main working language in the world. D. About 77% of Swedes are English speakers now.‎ ‎54. The underlined word “rated” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_______”.‎ A. admitted B. disagreed C. considered D. discussed ‎55. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that _______.‎ A. half of the people in Europe speak English B. English is the most useful language in Europe C. English is widely used in the world D. English is a well-known foreign language 参考答案：52-55 BCCB ‎[八]‎ Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns（模式）of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centers, trade, industrialization. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over(占上风).‎ At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages often spoken by many people while hot zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps ‎ 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.‎ Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ ‎77. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? ‎ A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.‎ C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected ‎78. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？‎ A. Complex. B. Advanced.‎ C. modern D. Powerful.‎ ‎79. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? ‎ A. About 6,800 B. About 3,400‎ C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200‎ ‎80. What is the main idea of the text? ‎ A. New languages will be created.‎ B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages C. Human development results in fewer languages D. Geography determines language evolution.‎ 参考答案：77--80.BDBC ‎[九]‎ Today there are 6.4 billion people on the earth. By the year 2050 there may be 12.5 billion. There are many people to feed. We need more and more food.‎ One way to produce more food is growing stronger plants. For thousands of years, farmers have made plants better. Every season, they pick the best plants for the next season. It works very slowly. Since 1983, scientists have been able to change plants more quickly by changing their genetic (遗传的) material. Foods from plants grown in this way are called genetically modified (转基因的) foods, or GM foods.‎ By changing the genetic material of a plant, it is possible to make new plants. Scientists make plants which are strong against plant diseases.‎ ‎ They can also help in our diseases; a kind of rice will be grown, for example, which stops people becoming blind.‎ Rich countries produce GM foods because they are easy to grow and bring in more money. Poor countries are interested in them because they help produce more food.‎ GM plants are not natural. No one knows how good or bad they are. Making GM foods is only one way of feeding people in 2050. There are strong feelings against them because they are unnatural. They may feed people, then hurt them or their children later. But both rich and poor countries are interested in their uses, and they are not going to go away. In 2050, we may think differently about them.‎ ‎46. There may be billion people by the year 2050 on the earth.‎ ‎ A. 6.4 B. 12.5 ‎ C. 18.5 D. 20.5‎ ‎47. How have scientists been able to change plants more quickly?‎ A. By making the best plants. ‎ B. By asking the farmers to grow plants.‎ C. By changing planting environment.‎ D. By changing their genetic material.‎ ‎48. Why do rich countries produce GM foods? ‎ A. Because they are easy to grow and bring in more money.‎ ‎ B. Because they are easy to grow and very cheap.‎ C. Because they help produce more food. ‎ D. Because they are the best plants.‎ ‎49. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A. GM plants are not natural. ‎ B. GM plants are strong against plant diseases.‎ C. Everyone knows how good or bad GM plants are. ‎ D. GM foods may hurt people or their children later.‎ ‎50. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. GM foods will go away one day in the future. ‎ B. GM foods will not go away in the future.‎ C. People will not be interested in GM foods. ‎ D. People will have to stop eating GM foods.‎ 参考答案：46-50 BDACB ‎ ‎ [十]‎ Hanukkah (光明节), the annual (每年的) Festival of Lights, is celebrated with zeal (热情) by the Jewish people around the world. They celebrate the holiday with the lighting of the menorah (多连灯烛台) , traditional foods, games and gifts. Hanukkah is a Jewish festival.It falls on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kiskv (犹太教历), which is usually sometime in December. The festival celebrates the time, over 2,000 years ago，when the Jewish people fought against an emperor who would not let them follow their own traditions and religion (宗教) . When the Jewish people won back their temple in Jerusalem(耶路撒冷), they found there was only enough holy(神圣的) oil to keep the sacred light (神圣之灯) burning for one day. However, to their surprise, this small amount of oil kept the light burning for eight days and nights, until the people had time to make more oil.‎ At the center of the Hanukkah celebrations is a candle stick (called a Menorah) that holds nine candles. On the first night of Hanukkah the first candle is lit, and each day this candle is used to light another candle, until on the eighth day, the last day, all the candles are lit. During Hanukkah, people go to the synagogue (犹太教堂) to pray and to remember the miracle (奇迹) of the holy oil. Hanukkah is a time for family and friends to come together. People exchange gifts and greeting cards, and children go to parties. Parents often give their children money at Hanukkah. Potato cakes, called latkes, are a traditional Hanukkah fo od. Hanukkah is a relatively minor holiday in the Jewish year, however, the Hanukkah story tells of Jewish culture surviving in a non-Jewish world. ‎ ‎51. For how many days does Hanukkah last? ‎ A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10‎ ‎52. Jewish people fought against the emperor because______.‎ A. the emperor didn't let them eat traditional food or wear traditional clothes B. the emperor didn't allow them to follow their own tradition and religions C. the emperor didn't let them celebrate their own festivals D. the emperor didn't allow them to keep the sacred 1ight burning ‎( )53. What do the candles on the Menorah remind Jewish people of?‎ A. The war that they fought 2,000 years ago.‎ B. The God that they honored best.‎ C. The miracle of the holy oil that happened 2,000 years ago.‎ D. The church they built 2,000 years ago. ‎ ‎54. During Hanukkah, families and friends usually ______.‎ ‎ A. send each other postcards B. go to parties together C. get together D. light candles together ‎( )55. The passage mainly tells us about______.‎ ‎ A. the history of Hanukkah and how it is celebrated ‎ B. why Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah ‎ C. why Jewish people protect their traditions ‎ D. the miracle of the holy oil in the Jewish temple 参考答案：51-55 BBCCA