2020届二轮复习七选五类型阅读技巧---用位置关系解题课件（28张）

2020届二轮复习七选五类型阅读技巧---用位置关系解题课件（28张）

2020 届二轮复习七选五类型阅读 -用位置关系解题 - 七选五阅读理解主要考查考生对 文章的整体内容和结构 以及 上下文逻辑意义 的理解和掌握。该题型的命题形式是给考生一篇 300 词左右的短文，命题人有目的地在文章中去除 5 处信息，并提供 7 个备选选项，要求考生从 7 个选项中选出 5 个合适的选项对应地填回原文 5 处空缺处。 年份 卷别 语篇类型 主题语境 文章 结构 选项 特征 设空位置 段首 段中 段末 2019 卷 Ⅰ 说明文 人与自然 —— 身心健康 总 — 分 完整 句子 2 3 0 卷 Ⅱ 说明文 人与自我 —— 保持动力 , 实现目标 总 — 分 完整 句子 1 4 0 卷 Ⅲ 说明文 人与自我 —— 健康的互动交流 总 — 分 完整 句子 1 3 1 2018 卷 Ⅰ 说明文 人与自我 —— 家庭装饰 总 — 分 从句＋句子 1 3 1 卷 Ⅱ 说明文 人与自我 —— 晨练的好处 总 — 分 — 总 完整句子 2 2 1 卷 Ⅲ 议论文 人与社会 —— 对舞蹈的看法 总 — 分 完整句子 2 2 1 2017 卷 Ⅰ 记叙文 人与自我 —— 野营经历 总 — 分 — 总 完整 句子 2 2 1 卷 Ⅱ 说明文 人与社会 —— 防止工作时被打扰 总 — 分 从句＋句子 1 4 0 卷 Ⅲ 说明文 人与自我 —— 建立生物钟 总 — 分 完整 句 子 1 3 1 体裁题材 七选五阅读理解的体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文和议论文。 文章特点 七选五阅读理解的文章越来越趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，也越来越趋向于不带格式标志 (·) ，但文章大都结构清晰，基本都是总分结构。 设空特点 从设空位置上来看，七选五阅读理解的选项主要有三种情况：段首、段中和段尾，从功能上来说主要为：一是主旨概括句，二是过渡句，三是注释句。 能力要求 该题型主要是测试考生的两大能力：一是把握整篇文章布局和结构的能力，二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。 第一讲　利用位置关系解题 ——3 种题型逐一锁定 七选五阅读理解设空主要有三种位置：段首、段尾和段中，从写作手法上来看，三种位置关系的句子在文中的作用不尽相同。我们可以根据近几年全国卷高考题出题设空的规律，找出这三种题目的对应解法。 段首题　先看文章结构 → 再看本段内容 1. 用数据说话：段首题考查的两种情况 　　题型 年份　　 段落主旨句 ( 小标题 ) 承接下句 ( 后文 ) 题 2019 全国卷 Ⅰ (37T) 全国卷 Ⅰ (40T) 全国卷 Ⅱ (37T) 全国卷 Ⅲ (37T) 2018 全国卷 Ⅱ (39T ， 40T) 全国卷 Ⅲ (36T) 2017 全国卷 Ⅲ (37T) 全国卷 Ⅰ (39T ， 40T) 从上表统计来看，段首题主要考查两种情况，一是考查段落主旨句 ( 小标题 ) ，二是考查与下文的逻辑关系。 2 . 段首题解题的思维流程 [ 示例 ] 　 (2018· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) If you are already making the time to exercise... • Your productivity is improved... • Your metabolism ( 新陈代谢 ) gets a head start... • 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you ， so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. • 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning ， you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. ... [ 选项 ] A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C.You prefer healthy food to fast food. D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. [ 分析 ] 　 从文章结构来看，文章为 “ 总 — 分 — 总 ” 结构，而且中间论述的四段的首句都是段落主旨句。 39 ， 40 题都是挖空句首，从二三段主旨句 “ • Your productivity is improved. 和 • Your metabolism ( 新陈代谢 ) gets a head start. ” 可知， 39 ， 40 两个小题的答案只能从 A 、 B 、 C 三个选项中选择。再根据所在段的内容可知，分别选择 B 和 A 项。 段尾题　先看前文 → 再看后文 1 . 用数据说话：段尾题考查的两种情况 　　题型 年份　　 承上启下 只承接上句 ( 文 ) 2019   全国卷 Ⅲ (39T) 2018   全国卷 Ⅰ (40T) 全国卷 Ⅱ (37T) 2017 全国卷 Ⅰ (36T) 全国卷 Ⅲ (39T) 从上表统计来看，段尾题的考查主要有两种情况，一是只承接上句 ( 文 ) ，二是承上启下。 2 . 段尾题解题的思维流程 [ 示例 1] 　 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) Don’ts ·Don’t share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 ·Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. [ 选项 ] A.That’s what they are for. B.Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. [ 分析 ] 　 39 题为段尾题，从文章结构标志 ( · ) 来看，这两段是并列关系，所以不用看下文，首先看前一句 “ If you are in need of a deadline extension ， simply explain the situation to the professor.( 如果你需要延长最后期限，只需向授课老师解释一下情况 ) ” ，故选 C 项 “ If more information is needed, they will ask.( 如果需要更多的信息，他们会询问 ) ” 。符合此处的语境。 [ 示例 2] 　 (2017· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping ， I would have laughed heartily.Campers ， in my eyes ， were people who enjoyed insect bites ， ill-cooked meals ， and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me. 36 ... 39 . After the trip ， my family became quite interested in camping. We have done a lot of it since.Recently ， we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom ， a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ... [ 选项 ] A.This time there was no tent. B.Things are going to be improved. C.The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then ， however. E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. [ 分析 ] 　 上文说，作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪。但是，从下文可知，作者后来喜欢上了野营活动。本空表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。故选 D 。 段中题　先看空前再看空后 → 空前空后和挖空处三句最重要 1 . 用数据说话：段中题考查的三种情况 　　题型 年份　　 主要依据前句 主要依据后句 依据前句和后句 2019 全国卷 Ⅱ (38T) ，因果 全国卷 Ⅱ (39T) ，递进 全国卷 Ⅱ (40T) ，转折 全国卷 Ⅰ (38T) ，解释 全国卷 Ⅰ (36T) ，递进 全国卷 Ⅰ (39T) ，解释 全国卷 Ⅱ (36T) ，转折和解释 从上表统计来看，段中题的考查主要有三种情况，一是承接上句 ( 文 ) ，二是引起下句 ( 文 ) ，三是承上启下。 2 . 段中题解题的思维流程 3 . 段中题所青睐的几种命题方式 (1) 挖空处答案主要依据前句 ( 句 A 为前句，句 B 为挖空句 ) ·AB 阐释型：句 A—— 句 B(B 句解释阐释 A 句 ) 　　　 ·AB 递进型：句 A—— 句 B(B 句为 A 句的递进 ) · AB 转折型：句 A—— 句 B(A 句和 B 句为转折关系 ) 　 ·AB 同构型：句 A—— 句 B(B 句和 A 句的句式结构相同 ) [ 示例 1] 　 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. [ 选项 ] E. They can change according to circumstances. F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. [ 分析 ] 　 本题只依据前句解题。根据空格前的 goals are flexible 可知，目标是灵活的，故 E 项 “ 它们可以根据情况而改变 ” 与之对应。 (2) 挖空处答案主要依据后句 ( 句 B 为挖空句，句 C 为后句 ) ·BC 阐释型：句 B—— 句 C(C 句解释阐释 B 句 ) ·BC 同构型：句 B—— 句 C(C 句和 B 句的句式结构相同 ) ·BC 顺接型：句 B—— 句 C(C 句和 B 句为 AB-BC 的顺接型 ) [ 示例 2] 　 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing( 治愈 ). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood( 情绪 ).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39.Being in nature refreshes us. It gives us a great feeling of peace. [ 选项 ] E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. [ 分析 ] 　 本题只依据后句解题。空格后的 these places 与 G 项中的 recovery centers 相呼应，因此 G 项 “ 全国各地的康复中心已经开始建造康复花园 ” 符合语境。 (3) 挖空处答案依据前句和后句 ( 句 A 为前句，句 B 为挖空句，句 C 为后句 ) ·ABC 阐释型：句 A—— 句 B—— 句 C(B 句解释阐释 A 句， C 句进一步解释 A 句 ) ·ABC 转折型：句 A—— 句 B—— 句 C(A 句和 C 句为转折关系， B 句为过渡句 ) ·ABC 同构型：句 A—— 句 B—— 句 C(ABC 三句的句式结构相同 ) [ 示例 3] 　 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question ： “ Should I jump ？ ” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. [ 选项 ] F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. [ 分析 ] 　 本题必须依据前句和后句解题。空格前有 motivation and goal setting ，而且说它们是同一枚硬币的两面，缺一不可，再根据空后的举例 “ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. ” 故 G 项符合语境。