2018届二轮复习完形填空课件(39张)

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2018届二轮复习完形填空课件(39张)

完形填空 知识运用篇 考纲导续 完形填空不仅要求考生具有扎实的英语基础知识,还要具备较高的综合理解和语言运用能力。文章体裁主要包括: 1 .记叙文; 2. 夹叙夹议; 3. 议论文; 4. 说明文。 考情回顾 应试策略 解题流程 命题规律 近几年高考 ( 全国卷 ) 完形填空考查情况如下: 年份 数量 类别      2015 ~ 2017 年,全国卷完形填空考点统计 考点 2015 年 2016 年 2017 年 总计 全国 Ⅰ 全国 Ⅱ 全国 Ⅰ 全国 Ⅱ 全国 Ⅲ 全国 Ⅰ 全国 Ⅱ 全国 Ⅲ 体裁 记叙文 夹叙 夹议文 记叙文 夹叙 夹议文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 分布情况 动词 ( 短语 ) 6 6 7 5 6 11 9 10 60 形容词 3 4 4 6 4 4 3 4 32 副词 3 3 1 3 2 1 0 0 13 名词 / 代词 7 6 5 4 7 4 8 6 47 介词 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 连词 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 5 1 .选材特点 高考完形填空以记叙文和夹叙夹议为主,说明文、议论文考查较少。文章内容多以记人、叙事为主,其主要话题涉及励志故事、人物传记和新闻报道等。大都有积极正面的教育意义且含有人物心理变化,提供正能量,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣和人生感悟。 2 .设空特点 (1) 完形填空的首句一般不设空。通过首句这一 “ 窗口 ” ,考生可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向。 (2) 以考查实词为主。近几年完形填空主要考查名词、动词 ( 短语 ) 、形容词、副词等实词,兼顾连词、介词的考查。 (3) 以语境分析为主。大部分题目需从上下文甚至全文角度考虑作出判断,体现了 “ 突出语篇 ” 的命题风格,要求考生根据语境从层次结构和逻辑关系角度选择最佳答案。 (4) 体现核心语法和常识的考查。个别题目要求考生对句子结构做出准确判断,有时还要借助常识和某些背景知识 ( 如英语文化和风俗习惯等 ) 解决问题。 (1) 通读全文,把握主旨。在速读全文的过程中要重视首句、首段的信息,注意找出文章的关键词、中心词、画出某些代表人物和情节的词句,理清 “ 情节线 ” 和 “ 情感线 ” ,形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。 (2) 上下求索,先易后难。完形填空设题通常分为句内、句组和语篇三个层次,做题时先易后难,遇到没有把握的题目时,可暂时跳过空格,顺着原来的思路推进,等到大部分空格选出答案后,借助已补全的信息,回头扫除 “ 最牛钉子户 ” 。 (3) 复读全文,微调答案。做完题后,把填好的短文通读一遍,看看有没有明显的语法错误和逻辑冲突,必要时加以改正。 分 类 例 析 (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅲ )When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant ____ 21 ____ Miller King, who was the best ____ 22 ____ at our school. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for ____ 23 ____. [ 解题思路 ]  根据首句,可知文章讲述的是作者想成为学校足球队的明星球员。围绕该主题,才能确保答案正确。 21 . A.cheering for B . beating out C . relying on D . staying with 解析: 文章首句 “ When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team ” 提到,我 13 岁时唯一的目标就是成为学校足球队的明星。结合下文的 “ Miller King , who was the best ” 可推断出 Miller King 是我们学校最出色的足球运动员 (player) ,而实现我的目标就意味着打败 (beating out) 他。要打败他就要练习 (practice) 。 22 . A.coach    B . student    C . teacher      D . player 解析: 参见上题解析。 23 . A.practice   B . show    C . comfort D . pleasure 解析: 根据上文的 “ all summer long I worked out ” 可知,此处表示我到哪里都带着足球练习。 尝试解答: ______________________ 21.B 22.D 23.A 2 . 利用上下文暗示解题 在做完形填空题时要有整体观念,连贯性思维,要把每题空白处的含义与前后句联系起来,进行合乎逻辑地推理。 所谓上下文,可能是紧挨着的两句话,也可能是开头的题目在尾段查找到信息;还可能是中间或最后的试题从上下文查到信息,信息常见的有词、短语、句子,但有时是语境暗示。 (2017 · 全国 Ⅰ 卷 )While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this __ 41.searching __ process and found something that has changed my ____ 42 ____ at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language( 美式手语 ) . I never felt an urge to ____ 43 ____ any sign language before.My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.The ____ 44 ____ languages were enough in all my interactions( 交往 ) . Little did I know that I would discover my __ 45.(love) __ for ASL. 42 . A.progress B . experience C . major D . opinion 解析: 根据下文的内容可知,作者发现了把自己的大学经历 (experience) 变得更美好的东西。 progress “ 进步 ” ; major “ 专业 ” ; opinion “ 意见,想法,看法 ” 。 43 . A.choose B . read C . learn D . create 解析: 以前,作者从没感觉到 ( 自己 ) 有学习 (learn) 任何手语的强烈欲望。 choose “ 选择 ” ; create “ 创造 ” 。 44 . A.official B . foreign C . body D . spoken 解析: 根据上文中的 “ My entire family is hearing , and so are all my friends ” 及下文中的 “ languages were enough in all my interactions( 交往 ) ” 可知,口语对作者所有的 ( 社会 ) 交往来说已经足够了。 spoken language “ 口语 ” 符合语境。 official “ 正式的,官方的 ” 。 尝试解答: ______________________ 42.B 43.C 44.D (2016 · 北京高考 )A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his ____ 50 ____.He had to leave the trail ( 雪橇痕迹 )to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to ____ 51 ____ the trail again.The only hope was Balto , Kaasen's lead dog.Balto put his nose to the ground, ____ 52 ____ to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for.... 50 . A.memory     B . exit C . way      D . destination 解析: 结合上文的 “ huge piles of snow blocked ” 和下文的 “ He had to leave...get around them ” 可判断应选 C ,表示大堆的雪把他的道路阻断了。 51 . A.find   B . fix    C . pass     D . change 解析: 根据上文的 “ leave the trail( 雪橇痕迹 ) ” 可知,这里选 A 表示 “ 找到 ” ,指环境是如此糟糕以至于再次找到雪橇痕迹对他来说是不可能的。 52 . A.pretending   B . trying    C . asking     D . learning 解析: 根据语境,这里用 try to do 表示 “ 试图做某事 ” ,指 Balto 试图嗅出其他狗的气味。 尝试解答: ___________________ 50.C 51.A 52.B (2015 · 重庆高考 )When Alice was sixteen , I was the one who wanted to run away from home.It was ____ 16 ____ to see the changes coming over her.She skipped school , and refused to communicate.I tried being firm , but it didn't ____ 17 ____.I saw a dark future for my once sweet daughter. 16 . A.pleasant B . painful C . unwise D . inspiring 解析: 空前面一句说作者想要离家出走,空后面具体交代了作者想离家出走的原因是 16 岁的女儿逃学、不与人沟通,面对女儿这样的变化母亲当然应该是非常痛苦的 (painful) 。 pleasant 令人愉快的; unwise 不明智的; inspiring 鼓舞人心的。 17 . A.remain B . match C . appear D . work 解析: it 是指前文的 I tried being firm ,此处意思是说作者试着态度坚决些,但是无济于事,此处的 work 意为 “ 有效 ” 。 remain 保持; match 匹配; appear 出现。 尝试解答: _____________________ 16.B 17.D 3 .利用词义复现解题 词义复现,不仅是同一个词,同义词、反义词、近义词都可能成为这种类型题目的解题关键点,但是这些词可能隐藏的比较深;上文可能暗示下文答案,下文可能暗示上文答案,甚至上下文信息相隔较远,因此要注意集中寻找这些暗示信息。 (2017 · 全国 Ⅰ 卷 )While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this ____ 41 ____ process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language( 美式手语 ) . 41 . A.searching B . planning C . natural D . formal 解析: 同义复现题。根据上文中 “ While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life ” 的关键词 “ explore ” 及下文的内容可知,此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索 (searching) 的过程。 planning “ 计划制订 ” ; natural “ 自然的 ” ; formal “ 正式的 ” 。 尝试解答: ________ 41.A (2016 · 四川高考 )But Lainey took one look at it , __ 43(rolled) __ her eyes, and said, “ Borrrring ! ” Aunt Dede , a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it.__ 44(Even) __the youngest children in the class were__ 45(attracted) __ by the story.They__ 46(listened) __with great interest and then__ 47(enthusiastically) __joined in grand conversations about Harry's adventures. “ How can you say it's ____ 48 ____ ? Have you read it? ” asked Aunt Dede . 48 . A.amazing B . boring C . ridiculous D . conversations 解析: 原词复现题。 Lainey 对哈利 · 波特的故事不感兴趣,且第一段中 Lainey 说的 “ Borrrring ” 也是提示,所以此处用形容词 boring 。 尝试解答: ________ 48.B It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch__ 36(examined) __a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious( 传染的 )disease mainly affecting children.The children of Nome would be__ 37(helpless) __if it struck the town.Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.__ 38(However) __ , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage. How could the medicine get to Nome? The town's__ 39(harbor) __was already full of ice, so it couldn't come by ship.Cars and horses couldn't travel on the ____ 40 ____ roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didn't exist yet. 40 . A.narrow     B . snowy C . busy          D . dirty 解析: 原词原现题。根据语境和上文的 “ full of ice ” 可知,这里说的是汽车和马不能在被雪覆盖的道路上行进,因此选 B 表示 “ 被雪覆盖的 ” 。 尝试解答: ________ 40.B (2015 · 陕西高考 )I was ____ 27 ____ to do it.At age five , this dull task brought me such __ 28(joy) __.I would excitedly turn the tap __ 29(on) __and brush the comb carefully.Satisfied that I'd done a good job , I would happily return the comb to Dad. 27 . A.annoyed B . relieved C . ashamed D . pleased 解析: 近义词复现题。联系空后的 excitedly 以及 Satisfied 可知, “ 我 ” 很愿意干这个活儿,因此选 pleased( 高兴的 ) 。 annoyed 生气的, relieved 如释重负的, ashamed 羞愧的,均不符合语境。 尝试解答: ________ 27.D (2016 · 北京高考 )They would have the medicine sent by ____ 44 ____ from Anchorage to Nenana.From there, dogsled( 狗拉雪橇 )drivers — known as “ mushers ”— would__ 45(carry) __it to Nome in a relay( 接力 ) . The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 44 . A.air      B . rail    C . sea           D . road 解析: 同义词复现题。后文的 from + the + train at Nenana 与该空复现。 尝试解答: ________ 44.B 4 . 利用行文逻辑解题 逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接成分,主要有: (1) 词 ( 包括连词、副词和少数介词 ) ,如 and , but , or , because , though , however , yet , therefore , otherwise , despite 等。 (2) 短语,如 in other words , in addition , as a result , on the contrary , instead of 等。 (3) 分句和独立结构,如 that is to say , what is more , generally speaking 等。在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语,找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项。 (2016 · 四川高考 ) Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read ____ 41 ____ grade level, but she did not like to read.On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her ____ 42 ____. But Lainey took one look at it, ____ 43 ____ her eyes, and said, “ Borrrring ! ” 41 . A.within B . on    C . to D . above 解析: 根据句中的 “ She had good grades ” 以及 “ but she did not like to read ” 可知, Lainey 的阅读能力已经超过三年级的水平了,但问题是她不愿意阅读。根据语境可知,此处用介词 above ,意为 “ ( 能力、水平等 ) 高于,胜过 ” 。 42 . A.daughter B . niece    C . student       D . friend 解析: 根据该句中的关键信息 “ her Aunt Dede ” 可知,空格处用 niece ,意为 “ 外甥女,侄女 ” 。 43 . A.opened B . dried    C . rolled         D . shaded 解析: roll one's eyes 意为 “ 翻白眼 ” ,该短语符合语境,因为 Lainey 不喜欢阅读。 尝试解答: ____________________ 41.D 42.B 43.C 5 . 利用固定搭配,生活文化常识解题 (2015 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )This led to some ____ 26 ____ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams__ 27(better) __trained.Through the first two games , her__ 28(team) __did not get one serious shot on goal. 26 . A.painful B . strange C . common D . practical 解析: 此题属因果关系。结合上下文可知,她们周末对抗的球队是一些受过更好训练的强队,因此这给她们带来的肯定是一些痛苦的 (painful) 经历。 strange 奇怪的, common 普通的, practical 实际的,均与语境不符。 尝试解答: ________ 26.A (2016 · 天津高考 )Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer.Last summer, she wanted to __ 18.join __ out local swim team.She practiced hard and finally ____ 19 ____ it. 19 . A.increased B . found C . created D . made 解析: 根据下文的内容可知,此处指女儿最终成功地加入了游泳队。 make it 表示 “ 获得成功 ” ,为固定用法。 尝试解答: ________ 19.D (2015 · 天津高考 )One agent ____ 17 ____ a house in particular.Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was ____ 18_ ___ our range, so we declined.But she kept urging us to have a look __ 19(at least) __ . 17. A . recommended B . decorated C . sold D . rented 解析: 由下句中的 her description 可知,房屋经纪人特别向我们推荐 (recommended) 了一座房子。 decorate 装饰; sell 卖; rent 出租。 18 . A.below B . within C . beyond D . between 解析: 由空后的 so we declined( 因此我们拒绝了 ) 可知,价格超出了我们的能力范围,因此选 beyond ,指 “ 超出 …… 的范围 ” 。 below 低于; within 在 …… 范围内; between 在 …… 之间。 尝试解答: ________________ 17.A 18.C (2017 · 全国 Ⅲ 卷 )My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 __ 25(in support of) __ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This combination of healing myself and healing the world ____ 26 ____ me as the perfect solution. 26 . A.scared B . considered C . confused D . struck 解析: 把个人的减肥与帮助解决世界问题结合起来,这让作者觉得这是完美的解决办法,动词 strike 可以表示 “ ( 以某种方式 ) 给某人留下印象 ” ,因此选 D 。注意动词 strike 的熟词生义,注意掌握其常见用法。 尝试解答: ________ 26.D (2016 · 全国 Ⅰ 卷 )Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man ____ 56 ____ and let them go to work.Then , Larry asked the__ 57(police) __if he was needed or__ 58(free) __to go.They let him and the other man go. 56 . A.stepped forward B . backed off C . moved on D . set out 解析: 由后面的 “ let them go to work ” 可知,当消防人员和救护人员到了后, Larry 和另一个男子便往后退 (backed off) ,以方便他们施救。 尝试解答: ________ 56.B
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