【英语】2019届二轮复习特殊句式考点讲解(7页word版)

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【英语】2019届二轮复习特殊句式考点讲解(7页word版)

‎2019届二轮复习特殊句式考点讲解 ‎【考点提纲】‎ 特殊句式 ‎1.对于感叹句、祈使句、反意疑问句和否定句的考查主要从以下几个方面进行:‎ ‎(1)感叹句的考查要点是what与how引导的感叹句作为宾语从句出现在试题中,其难点有两方面:一是复数名词或不可数名词前面用what还是how;二是感叹句的语序。‎ ‎(2)祈使句的主要考点是:根据句式特点判断是祈使分句还是状语成分;祈使句+and/or+结果分句。‎ ‎(3)反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句后面的反意疑问句。‎ ‎(4)否定句的考查主要是对于部分否定句的辨认。‎ ‎2.对省略句的考查主要从以下几个方面进行:‎ ‎(1)省略主语、主语和谓语、主语和谓语的一部分;(2)不定式符号to的省略;‎ ‎(3)状语从句中主语和谓语动词部分的省略;(4)不定式中动词的省略;‎ ‎(5)not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略。‎ ‎3.对倒装句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手:‎ ‎(1)含有否定意味的词置于句首时,部分倒装;(2)only+状语位于句首时,部分倒装;‎ ‎(3)so/such...that句型中,so/such位于句首时,so/such后的主句倒装,that从句不倒装。‎ ‎4.对主谓一致的考查重点是:‎ ‎(1)主语+as well as/together with+名词/代词;‎ ‎(2)not only...but(also)....,neither...nor...,either...or...连接两个主语;‎ ‎(3)means,works等词汇作主语。‎ ‎5.强调句型的考查重点是:‎ ‎(1)考查强调句式的基本结构 ‎(2)考查含有“not…until…”句型的强调句式 ‎(3)考查强调句式的疑问句 ‎(4)考查强调句式的正确判断 特殊句式 考点一 倒装句 ‎1.全部倒装 在全部倒装的句子中,要把整个谓语放在主语的前面去而构成倒装语序。‎ ‎(1)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首,且谓语是come, go, be等动词时,句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。如:‎ Now, here goes the story.‎ 这个故事是这样的。 ‎ Look, there comes the taxi.‎ 瞧,出租车过来了。‎ Then came another question.‎ 然后又一个问题提出来了。‎ ‎(2)表示方向或位置的副词或介词短语放到句首,该句要用全部倒装。如:‎ High up into the sky went the kite.‎ 风筝高高地飞向天空。‎ ‎2.部分倒装 在部分倒装的句子中,只把谓语的一部分(如情态动词、助动词、或是系动词be)放到主语的前面去,构成倒装语序。 ‎ ‎(1)为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用“so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语”或“neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语”的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示“与前面所述的肯定情况相同”, 第二个句式表示“与前面所述的否定情况相同”。例如:‎ His brother is a college student; so is mine.‎ 他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。‎ His brother is not a college student; nor is mine.‎ 他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。‎ ‎(2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, by no means, under no conditions[circumstances], in no way, at no time, no sooner... (than), hardly... (when), not only ...(but also), not until...,等等。如:‎ Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.‎ 她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。‎ Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night.‎ 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。‎ ‎(3)当so...that, such...that中的so...和such...放在句首时,句子一般要倒装。如:‎ So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。‎ ‎(4)only修饰的状语放到句首,主句要形成部分倒装。如:‎ Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.‎ 只有这样,你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。 ‎ 考点二 强调句 一、强调句基本结构 ‎ 1、陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其它部分。强调句可以强调除谓语以外的一切成分。下面我们针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。‎ ‎ 强调主语:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station ‎ yesterday. ‎ ‎ 强调宾语:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.‎ ‎ 强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.‎ ‎ 强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.‎ ‎ 2、一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。‎ ‎ e.g. Was it yesterday that he met my old friend?‎ ‎ 3、特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?‎ ‎ e.g. When was it that you were born?‎ ‎ 我们需要注意的是:第一、构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略。‎ 第二、It's ....that/who....的强调句型只是为了强调某一成分,而不充当成分。所以它和It作形式主语,真正的主语从句后置的情况有所不同。‎ ‎ 我们一起看下面两个例句:‎ ‎1.It's necessary that we should learn english.(主语从句)‎ ‎2.It's not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen.(强调句型)‎ ‎ 解析:因为强调句型中的It's....that/who....在句子中不充当任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。‎ 例子2去掉It's....that/who....后就成了 ‎     until he got off the bus he realized his money was stolen. 而例子1去掉后句子则不完整。‎ 二、not … until … 句型的强调句 ‎ 1、句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 ‎ e.g. 普通句:He didn’t go to bed until/ till his son came back.‎ ‎ 强调句:It was not until his son came back that he went to bed.‎ ‎ 2、注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。‎ 三、谓语动词的强调 ‎ 1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did。‎ ‎ e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。‎ ‎ He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。‎ ‎ Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!‎ ‎ 2、注意:此种强调只用do/ does和did ,没有别的形式;过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原形。‎ 考点三 省略句 ‎1.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as, if,unless,as if,though,as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语有be动词,而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略 Unless(I am) invited,I won’t go to the party.‎ 除非被邀请,否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。‎ When (you are) working,you must pay attention.‎ 上班时,你必须全神贯注。‎ Get up early tomorrow,if not (you don’t get up early),you will miss the first bus.‎ 明天早点起床,如果不的话,你会错过早班车。‎ ‎2.I’m afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去 ‎—Do you think it will rain?‎ ‎“你认为会下雨吗?”‎ ‎—I hope not (that it will not rain).‎ ‎“我希望不下。”‎ ‎—Do you believe our team will win?‎ ‎“你相信我们队会赢吗?”‎ ‎—I guess so.‎ ‎“我猜会赢。”‎ ‎3.不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to ‎ ‎(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid,glad,happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后边。 ‎ I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to. ‎ 我请他去看电影,但他不想去。 ‎ ‎—Will you join in the game?‎ ‎“你愿意加入做游戏吗?” ‎ ‎—I’d be glad to.‎ ‎“我很高兴加入。”‎ ‎(2)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。‎ ‎—Are you a sailor?‎ ‎“你是海员吗?”‎ ‎—No,but I used to be.‎ ‎“不,但我过去是。”‎ ‎4.What if句式。这一结构用来表达“要是/即使……怎么办/怎么样”‎ What if this plan of yours fails?‎ 要是你的计划失败了怎么办?‎ 考点四 主谓一致 一、就近一致原则 ‎1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...‎ 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在单复数上保持一致。‎ Neither you nor I am fit for the work.‎ 你和我都不适合这份工作。‎ Are neither you nor I fit for the work?‎ 你和我都不适合这份工作吗?‎ ‎【注意】 “with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than+名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。‎ Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss.‎ 损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。‎ ‎2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.‎ 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。‎ 二、意义一致原则 ‎ ‎(一)谓语动词用单数的情况 ‎ ‎1.由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。 ‎ The worker and writer is from Wuhan. ‎ 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 ‎ ‎2.“no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+no/each/every/many a+单数名词”作主语。‎ Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.‎ 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。‎ ‎3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。‎ Persuading him to join us seems really hard.‎ 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。‎ To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.‎ 早睡早起是一个好的习惯。‎ Whatever was left was taken away.‎ 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。‎ ‎【提醒】 what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用单数形式,若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。‎ What they need are books.‎ 他们需要的是书。‎ ‎(二)谓语动词用复数的情况 ‎1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。‎ Both bread and butter are sold out.‎ 面包和黄油都卖完了。‎ ‎2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。‎ People read for pleasure during their spare time.‎ 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。‎ ‎【考点例析】‎ ‎1.Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 【2012江西卷】‎ ‎ A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has ‎1.C考查部分倒装。句首有关键词Never,否定词提前到句首,句子部分倒装。排除B,D。再根据句子时态,应用现在完成时,故选C。‎ ‎2. ----I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather. 【2012山东卷】‎ ‎ -----______ I can’t stand all this rain.‎ A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say C. So am I D. I hope not.‎ ‎2. C考查倒装句的用法。句意:---我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。---我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。‎ 当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候,后者用倒装的形式;肯定用so,否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I can’t stand all this rain可知,此处与上一句中的I’m sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受,因此应该用So am I,表示“我也是”。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎3.Had they known what was coming next, they_______second thoughts. 【2012浙江卷】‎ A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had ‎3. D 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。本句是一个倒装句,可还原为:if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示,可知是与过去事实相反,因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done,由此可见答案D符合语境。‎ ‎4.There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?【2012江苏卷】‎ A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he ‎4.A 考查反义问句。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little,所以反意疑问句用肯定形式,其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致,故选A项。‎ ‎5.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa【2012重庆卷】‎ A. when B. that C. after D. since ‎5. B考查特殊句式—强调句型。句子虽然比较长,但是其主干为强调句型,是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调,由此可知,空白处应该填写“that”。因此,正确答案为B选项。‎ ‎6.Not until he retired from teaching three years ago,______having a holiday abroad. 【2012辽宁卷】‎ A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he consider ‎6.D 考查特殊句式—倒装。Not until位于句首时句子要倒装,consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后,所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎7.The basketball coach, as well as his team , ______interviewed shortly ‎ after the match for their outstanding performance. 【2012陕西卷】‎ ‎ A. were B. was C. is D. are ‎7.B 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子两个并列主语由as well as连接,所以主语中心词是the basketball coach,是单数,根据shortly after the match可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时,故选B。‎ ‎8.--Have you paid? What’s my share of the bill?‎ ‎ -- ______. It wasn’t very much. 【2012江西卷】‎ ‎ A.Don’t worry about it B.It’s my share C.None of your business. D.It’s up to you.‎ ‎8. A考查情景交际。句意为:”你付了钱吗?我的那份账单是多少?”,”不用担心,这不是很贵的.”选项A:不用担心。选项B:这是我的那份。C:不管你的事。D:这取决于你。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎9.—Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance.‎ ‎—______What if she refuses me? 【2012重庆卷】‎ A.I don’t know B. Why me? C. With pleasure D. So what?‎ ‎9.A 考查交际用语。分析语境可知,对于是否邀请对方跳舞拿不定主意,害怕对方拒绝。在四个选项中,A选项符合语境。因此,正确答案为A选项。‎ ‎10. — I’m terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your phone? It’s rather urgent. ‎ ‎— Yes,_____. 【2012辽宁卷】‎ ‎ A. with pleasure B. no burry C. it doesn’t matter D. of course ‎10.D 考查交际用语。由前面的Yes可知,第二个人同意对方用他的电话,所以用of course。学生可能会误选为A,with pleasure意为“乐意帮忙”而这个题是说对方当然可以用他的电话,所以with pleasure在这儿不合题意。‎ ‎【方法技巧】‎ ‎1.考前应认真研读高考题目,了解高考题目的立意方向和设问风格,做到知彼知己,百战不殆。‎ ‎2.掌握几种特殊句式的基本式及其变式,高考的考查方向一向以实用为主,故可能会在长句中考查。建议大家从题型入手,仔细分析试题的内部结构,以不变应万变。‎ ‎3. 建议大家尽力在写作中灵活运用特殊句式来表达,对文章加以润色,增加文章“闪光点”,增长作文“得分点”。‎
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