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2018届二轮复习时态课件(22张)
2018 届二轮复习 时态 时态 第 1.2.3 课时 (先学任务) 1.英语中有几种时态?分别是哪些? 英语时态分为 16种 : 一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时 ,以及这四者的 进行时 、 完成时 和 完成进行时 。 2.判断下列句子的时态。 1)The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 2)He used to visit his mother once a week. 3)She is reading a book in the classroom. 4)I have never been to America. 5)By the end of last month, the professor had finished 24 speeches. 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 T:“ What’s the weather like today?” S:“ It is cloudy.” …… Question: What’s the tense of this sentence?(什么是时态?) 时态(Tense)是表示 行为、动作和状态 在各种时间条件下的 动词形式 。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 Step1: warming up & lead in Step2: 时态的分类 1.一般现在时的用法: 基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式:① am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加 don't, 如主语为 第三人称 单数,则用 doesn't ,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:① 把be动词放于句首 ;②用助动词 do提 前 ,如主语为第三人称单数,则 用does ,同时,还原行为动词。 A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 He always helps others. D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 The earth goes around the sun. E) 表示一个按 规定、计划或安排要发生的动作 ,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的 交通方式 。 The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. How often does this bus run? (这班车多久一趟?) F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在表示将来事情。 When I see her , I will tell her the fact . 2. 一般过去时用法: 基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式:① was/were+not ;②在行为动词前加 didn't ,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:① was或were放于句首 ;②用助动词do的过去式 did提问 ,同时还原行为动词。 时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. A) 表示 过去 某个时间发生的 动作或情况 。 I met her in the hospital yesterday. B) 表示 过去习惯性动作 。特别是由 would/ used to do 表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。 He used to visit his mother once a week. 3. 一般将来时用法: 概念:表示 将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事 。 基本结构:① am/is/are going to + do ; ② will/shall + do . ③ be ( about ) to do ④ 一般现在时表将来 ⑤ 现在进行时表将来 。 否定形式:① am/is/are +not going to + do ; ②在行为动词前加 will/shall not 。 一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。 时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. A) 基本结构是will / shall do。 We shall send her a present as her birthday gift. B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于现在进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。 My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May. C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。 This is just what I am going to say. D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。 Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. E) "be to do" 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 I was on the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. 注意:在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。 If I meet her, I will give her the book. 4. 过去将来时用法: 概念:立足于 过去某一时刻 ,从 过去看将来 ,常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 基本结构:① was/were/going to + do ;②would/should + do. 否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。 I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day. (我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。) 5. 现在进行时用法: 概念:表示现阶段或说话时 正在进行的动作及行为 。 时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构: am/is/are+doing 否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing . 一般疑问句:把 be动词放于句首 。 ——What are you doing now? ——I am making a model ship. 6. 过去进行时用法: 基本结构: was/were+doing 否定形式: was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句: 把was或were放于句首 。 时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是 一般过去时的时间状语 等。 A) 表示在 过去 一个比较具体的 时间 正在发生的 动作 。 Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. (10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。) B) 如果 when, while 这样的时间状语引导词所引导的 主从句之一是一般过去时 ,则 另一个句子常用过去进行时 。 I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door. (你敲前门时我正在洗头发。) 7. 将来进行时用法: 概念:强调在 将来 的某个具体时间 正在发生的动作或事情 。 结构: will/shall+be+doing Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。) 注意:由于本时态是由 将来时和进行时融合 在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。 8. 过去将来进行时用法: 结构:should be doing , would be doing The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July. (政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。) 9. 现在完成时用法: 基本结构: have/has + done . 否定形式: have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句: have或has提前 。 时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. A) 表示 动作 到现在为止 已经完成或刚刚完成 。 The writer has finished his novel and prepares to publish it. B) 表示 从过去 某时刻开始, 持续到现在的动作或情况 ,并且有可能会继续 延续下去 。此时经常用 延续性动词 。时间状语常用 since 加一个过去的时间点,或f or 加一段时间,或 by 加一个 现在 时间。 The old lady has learned English for ten years. 注意:现在完成时是 联系过去和现在 的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于: 现在完成时强调动作的动态 ,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果, 对现在有影响 ; 过去时 只表示 过去 的某个具体时间里发生的 动作 ,与现在没有联系。 I bought a new house,but I haven't sold my old one yet,so at the moment I have two houses. John has broken his left leg. 比较:He worked in that hospital for 8 years. He has worked in that hospital for 8 years. 10.过去完成时用法: 概念:表示在 过去的某个时间或动作以前 已经发生的 动作 或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示" 过去的过去的动作或状态 "。 基本结构: had + done . 否定形式: had + not + done . 一般疑问句: had放于句首 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months. There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。) 11. 将来完成时用法: 概念:表示从 将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间 的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。 结构: will/shall+have+done The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends. 注意:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。 12. 过去将来完成时用法: 结构: should have done , would have done I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed , but I was wrong. (我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。) 13. 现在完成进行时用法: 概念:表示某一动作 开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来 。 结构:( have been doing ) We have been working on this project for over a month now. ( 到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。) 注意:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。 14. 过去完成进行时用法: 结构: had been doing The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home. (我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。) 15. 将来完成进行时用法: 结构: shall have been doing ,will have been doing By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。) 16. 过去将来完成进行时用法: 结构: should have been doing , would have been doing They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。) 翻译下列句子。 1)她父亲去过北京。 __________________________________________________ 2)你什么时候开始学俄语的?两年前。 __________________________________________________ 3)从中学开始,我们就彼此认识了。 __________________________________________________ 4)我不知道他们什么时候去南京。 __________________________________________________ Step3: 当堂导练 Her father has been to Beijing. When did you begin to study Russian? I began to study Russian Two years ago. We have known each other since we entered middle school. I wonder when they will leave for Nanjing. Finish the exercises on the learning plan. I. Reference: 1.have,finished 2.goes 3.have, found 4.is 5.playing 6.were reading 7.is climbing 8.will come 9.do, get 10. Have, seen II.REFERENCES:1.has been 2.does not play 3.has, met 4.will be, come 5.has, been living 6.were writing 7.are playing 8.went, see,met,talked,were 9.had 10.broke,took 11.talking,to listen 12.to close 13.go 14.to help, clean 15.has been teaching Step 4 :自辅落实查看更多