【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之一（含有解析）学案（13页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之一（含有解析）学案（13页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题10篇练与析之一 ‎【一】‎ Two or three times a week, Miss Martha had a customer in __1__she began to take an interest.He was a middle－aged man __2__glasses and a brown beard.He spoke English with a strong German accent.His clothes were worn, but he looked neat and had very good manners.He always __3__(buy) two loaves of stale bread.He never asked for anything but stale bread; it cost a lot __4__(little) than fresh bread.Once Miss Martha noticed a red and brown stain on __5__(he) finger.She was sure that he was an artist and very poor.‎ Often when having her evening meal, Miss Martha would sigh and wish the artist might share her food instead of __6__(eat) his dry bread.One day the customer came in as usual and asked for his stale bread.As a sudden noise made him hurry to the door, Miss Martha inserted __7__generous quantity of butter into the loaves and put them into a paper bag.‎ It turned out __8__the stale bread was used to rub out the pencil __9__(line) in the man’s drawing of a new city hall.And Miss Martha’s kindness __10__(complete) ruined the artist’s work.‎ 答案　1.whom　[考查关系词。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句修饰customer，故填whom。]‎ ‎2.with　[考查介词。根据设空处后面的glasses和a brown beard可知需填介词with(带着，留着)。]‎ ‎3.bought　[考查一般过去时。由上下文可知应用一般过去时，故填bought。]‎ ‎4.less　[考查副词的比较级。根据设空处后面的than可知应用比较级，故填less。]‎ ‎5.his　[考查代词。根据设空处后面的finger可知应用形容词性物主代词，故填his。]‎ ‎6.eating　[考查动词－ing形式作宾语的用法。instead of是复合介词，其后用动词－ing形式作宾语。]‎ ‎7.a　[考查不定冠词。a quantity of意为“许多”。]‎ ‎8.that　[考查连接词。设空处引导主语从句且从句意义及成分均完整，故填that。]‎ ‎9.lines　[考查名词。图画中有很多铅笔画的线，故填line的复数形式。]‎ ‎10.completely　[考查副词。设空处修饰动词ruined，故填completely。]‎ ‎【二】‎ We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be __1__ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?‎ In US high school, everything __2__ (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing __3__ (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to __4__ we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their __5__ (academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university. __6__ they’ll be disappointed after graduation from high school.‎ Like university students, US high school students have the __7__ (free) to choose the courses that most interest __8__ (they). Even a 9thgrader can sit __9__ the same classroom as 12thgraders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years __10__ (young)．‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国学生的高中生活。‎ ‎1．surprising　此处是ing型形容词，用来修饰事物，意为“令人吃惊的”。‎ ‎2．is recorded　everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded，与graded呼应。‎ ‎3．to turn　fail to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎4．what　空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。‎ ‎5．academic　修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词academic修饰名词performance，作定语。‎ ‎6．‎ Otherwise　根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“否则”，作状语。‎ ‎7．freedom　由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，即freedom。‎ ‎8．them　此处应用宾格形式，作动词interest的宾语，故用them。‎ ‎9．in　in the classroom意为“在教室里”，故用介词in。‎ ‎10．younger　根据上文可知，9年级和12年级的学生比较，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。‎ ‎【三】‎ Styrofoam is a plastic with a bad reputation.‎ It cannot be recycled without releasing (释放) dangerous __1__ (pollute) into the air. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency __2__ (say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste.‎ Scientists from the U．S. and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic. One mealworm can digest a pillsized amount of plastic a day. Study coauthor WeiMin Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic __3__ (turn) into carbon dioxide.‎ Are the worms hurt by __4__ (eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as __5__ (health) as worms eating bran (糠)．‎ Styrofoam is a lightweight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties (绝缘性), according to Earthsource.org. It is used in products from __6__ (cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging material __7__ protects items during shipping.‎ ‎“Solving __8__ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited.” says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor. ‎ About 33million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take __9__ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America’s landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years __10__ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中美科学家发现大黄粉虫的幼虫能消化塑料垃圾。‎ ‎1．pollution　空处作release的宾语且前面有形容词作定语，故用名词形式。‎ ‎2．says　文章时态以一般现在时为主，且主语为单数名词，故填says。‎ ‎3．is turned　主语the plastic为不可数名词，与turn之间构成动宾关系，且该句为一般现在时，故填is turned。‎ ‎4．eating　介词by后接动名词作宾语，故填eating。‎ ‎5．healthy　系动词后用形容词作表语，故填healthy。‎ ‎6．cups　分析句子结构可知，空后that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词为keep，故应用复数名词cups。‎ ‎7．that/which　分析句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，从句缺少主语且指代物，故填that或which。‎ ‎8．the　因problem后有of plastic pollution作后置定语，表示特指，故填the。‎ ‎9．up　根据语境可知，此处表示“占据(take up)”，故填up。‎ ‎10．to recycle　根据“sth./sb. takes some time to do sth.”结构可知，此处应填to recycle。‎ ‎【四】‎ What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces __1__ people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can __2__ (free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, it’s all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by __3__ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six __4__ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.‎ Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts __5__ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen __6__ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. __7__ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make __8__ easier for residents to skate around. The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and __9__ (grownup). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Art and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building __10__ (call) the Black ‎ Diamond.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一——哥本哈根。‎ ‎1．where　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为open spaces，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。‎ ‎2．freely　修饰动词短语“socialize and express their ideas”，应用副词freely。‎ ‎3．the　根据语境可知，此处表特指。‎ ‎4．healthiest　此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，应用形容词最高级。‎ ‎5. for　步行占交通总量的80%。account for“占(一定数量或比例)”，是固定短语。‎ ‎6．are carried　work trips与carry out存在动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；根据文章的整体时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空处应填are carried。‎ ‎7．When/As　当开始上冻的时候，一些城市广场就变成了巨大的溜冰场。when/as“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎8．it　本处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to skate around。‎ ‎9．grownups　本处and连接两个并列的名词。由kids可知应填grownups。‎ ‎10．called　call与被修饰的名词building之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎【五】‎ As you know, science plays a very important role in our __1__ (educate). Do you want to keep up __2__ the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites __3__ you can visit to check out the latest in the science world.‎ One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news __4__ (cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are written with the interests and instructive experience of younger readers in mind, but adults will find this site __5__ (suit) for them as well.‎ Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, __6__ (call) Science ‎ Daily. The site is __7__ (constant) updated with news, often about exciting findings that change how we view the world. Whether it’s newly unearthed discoveries about creatures that have been gone for millions of years __8__ the latest advances in medicine, you’ll find it at Science Daily.‎ ‎__9__ (this) sites post stories as they become news and also keep all the past articles for you to read __10__ (late). That way you can enter a search term and find articles just about anything related to science that they’ve ever published.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了科学在教育中所起的重要作用。‎ ‎1．education　根据词法知识可知，形容词性物主代词“our”后应接名词。故填education。‎ ‎2．with　keep up with为固定搭配，意为“跟上，赶上”。故填with。‎ ‎3．which/that　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“many good websites”，在从句中作动词“visit”的宾语，指物，所以用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。‎ ‎4．covering　分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为“reports”，故空格处应用非谓语动词；动词cover与被修饰词“news”之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填covering。‎ ‎5．suitable/suited　根据语境可知，成年人会觉得这个网站也适合他们。此处用形容词suitable或suited作宾语“this site”的补足语。故填suitable/suited。‎ ‎6．is called　动词call与主语“Another wonderful site”之间构成被动关系，且叙述的是现在的事实，所以应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is called。‎ ‎7．constantly　根据词汇知识可知，此处应用副词修饰动词“updated”。故填constantly。‎ ‎8．or　句意：不论是已消失百万年的在地下新发现的生物还是医药学的最新进展，你都可以在Science Daily上找到。whether ...or ...为固定搭配，意为“是……还是……”。故填or。‎ ‎9．These　根据空格后的“sites”可知，此处应用代词this的复数形式。故填These。注意首字母大写。‎ ‎10．later　根据词汇知识可知，此处应用副词later修饰动词“read”。later意为“后来，稍后”。‎ ‎【六】‎ Winter solstice (冬至) is a very important solar term in Chinese Lunar calendar.‎ Being a traditional holiday as well, __1__ is still now celebrated quite often in many regions. Early in the Spring and Autumn Period, about 2,500 years from now, winter solstice was regarded __2__ the Chinese traditional solar term among the total 24 terms.‎ Midwinter day is the very day in North hemisphere with the shortest day and longest night yearround. After it, daytime will become __3__ (increase) longer and the coldest climate will set in all the places on the Northern part of the globe. It is called “JinJiu”， __4__ means once winter solstice comes, people will meet the coldest time ahead.‎ That __5__ (conclude) is proved to be true. Scientifically, during winter solstice, a right angle __6__ (form) by the sun. Thus, the North hemisphere receives the __7__ (little) sunlight and the shortest day and longest night occurs.‎ Chinese paid great attention to this holiday, __8__ (treat) it as a big event. There was the saying that “Winter solstice holiday is greater than the spring festival”. Northerners may have dumplings with meat __9__ southerners may have sweet dumplings __10__ (make) by rice powder on that day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬至的来源以及中国人在冬至那天的一些习俗和活动。‎ ‎1．it　空格处指代上文提到的“Winter solstice (冬至)”。故填it。‎ ‎2．as　be regarded as为固定搭配，意为“被认为”，符合语境。故填as。‎ ‎3．increasingly　空格处需填副词来修饰后面的形容词“longer”，故填increase的副词形式increasingly。‎ ‎4．which　空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“JinJiu”，指物，在从句中作主语。故填关系代词which。‎ ‎5．conclusion　分析句子结构可知，所给词在句中作主语，所以应用名词形式。故填conclusion。‎ ‎6．is formed　根据空格后的常用于引出执行者的“by”可知，本句应该用被动语态，而且此处指一般的情况，应用一般现在时。故填is formed。‎ ‎7．least　根据句意以及空格前的提示词“the”可知，应用 little的最高级least，表示接收到的太阳光最少。故填least。‎ ‎8．treating　本句的谓语动词是“paid”，与空格处无连词连接，故此处只能用非谓语动词；treat与其逻辑主语“Chinese”之间构成主动关系，表伴随，应用其现在分词。故填treating。‎ ‎9．while　空格前后均为完整的句子，故空格处应填连词；“dumplings with meat”和“sweet dumplings”之间构成对比关系。故填while。‎ ‎10．made　分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词；作“dumplings”的后置定语；make与“dumplings”之间是动宾关系，应用make的过去分词形式。故填made。‎ ‎【七】‎ Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China, __1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou __2__ (be) the woman who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives. The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.‎ On October 5, Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan. Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__ (receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.‎ Tu was modest about receiving the award: “It’s a success for the whole research team.” She also thinks __4__ is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.‎ When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then. Tu used to test __6__ (medicine) by eating them herself. Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2,000 traditional recipes.‎ Once Tu __8__ (return) home after traveling for six months. Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the “strange woman”. To do research, Tu also had to move around a lot.‎ Finally, Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素)in sweet wormwood in 1971. She ‎ spent the next decades __9__ (try) to improve the medicine. According to World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world, and about half a million die each year. Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.‎ Tu never complains about how hard she works. “I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients，” she said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素，从而挽救了数百万人的生命。‎ ‎1．but　空前语境为：青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物；空后语境为：它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。根据空处前后语境可以判断，两句为转折关系，故用转折连词but。‎ ‎2．is　根据该句中的“who uses the plant’s special power”可知，该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为Tu Youyou，故用is。‎ ‎3．to receive　根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断，该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。‎ ‎4．it　分析该句结构可知，动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans 作真正的主语，it 作形式主语。‎ ‎5．that/which　分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为medicine，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎6．medicines　根据该句中的them可以判断，空处应用复数形式。‎ ‎7．by/on/at/in　by hand意为“用手”；on hand, at hand, in hand意为“在手头”。根据语境可知这四个介词都对。‎ ‎8．returned　根据下句的“Her little daughter didn’t recognize her”可知，这里陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．trying　spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故用trying。‎ ‎10．from　suffer from 为固定搭配，意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。‎ ‎【八】‎ For more than six million American children, coming home after school means __1__ (come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by ‎ watching TV. Some may hang out outside. __2__ all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They __3__ (call) latchkey children — they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.‎ A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys __4__(attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, __5__ he slowly learned were house keys.‎ He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having __6__ their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own __7__(safe)．‎ The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed __8__ in a closet. The second is TV. They’ll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents don’t realize __9__ (it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact __10__ they leave their children alone.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国“挂钥匙儿童”这一社会问题。‎ ‎1．coming　mean to do sth.“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.“意味着”。根据语境可知，此处表示放学回家意味着回到一个空房子，故填coming。‎ ‎2．But　根据语境可知，一些孩子看电视，一些在外面闲逛。空后又说“have something in common”，故填转折连词But。‎ ‎3．are called　主语They与call之间构成动宾关系，且根据“they are”可知，该句为一般现在时态，应填are called。‎ ‎4．attached　此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keys与attach是动宾关系，故填attached。‎ ‎5．which　分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先动词为keys，指物，故填which。‎ ‎6．on　have influence on sb.“对某人有影响”，故填on。‎ ‎7．‎ safety　根据句意可知，此处指很多孩子做噩梦并担心他们自己的安全，应用名词形式，故填safety。‎ ‎8．or　根据句意可知，此处指有可能藏在卫生间、床底下或壁橱里。表示选择，故填or。‎ ‎9．its　根据句意可知，此处表示电视对孩子的影响，故填its。‎ ‎10．that　根据句意可知，此处指大多数父母迟迟不肯承认他们不管孩子这个事实；分析句子结构可知，这是同位语从句且不缺成分。故填that。‎ ‎【九】‎ Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life, he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons. He taught __1__ the love of wisdom, not for money. And __2__ he had to say was always new and worth hearing. All his pupils loved him.‎ But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some __3__(danger) enemies. The rulers did not want to be questioned. So they __4__ (false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and __5__ (lead) them to ignore religion. In fact Socrates was a very religious man. His enemies had him __6__ (arrest), and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.‎ During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils __7__ (allow) to visit him in his prison. They were astonished to find that __8__ was calm and cheerful. He had no fear of dying. When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates, his friends were in __9__(tear), but Socrates seemed to be the __10__ (brave) man in the room. He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名学者苏格拉底的故事。‎ ‎1．for　由“not for money”可知，此处应用介词for，表示“为了”。‎ ‎2．what　what 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示事物的概念。‎ ‎3．dangerous　修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous修饰名词enemies。‎ ‎4．falsely　此处用副词falsely修饰动词accused。‎ ‎5．leading　根据语境及and可知，空处与动名词teaching 并列，故用动名词leading作介词of的宾语。‎ ‎6．‎ arrested　arrest和句子谓语had之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且与其逻辑主语him构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎7．were allowed　根据“was put”可知，此处表示发生在过去的事情，且allow与句子主语his friends and pupils 构成动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，即were allowed。‎ ‎8．he　根据空后一句“He had no fear of dying”可知，此处表示苏格拉底死前很平静，故用人称代词he作宾语从句的主语。‎ ‎9．tears　in tears意为“哭泣，流泪”，为固定搭配，故用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎10．bravest　根据语境可知，此处表示“最勇敢的人”，故用形容词最高级bravest，与空前的定冠词the呼应。‎ ‎【十】‎ I can still recall the day when I sat on the stairs of a temple in Nepal. The square before the temple __1__ (become) very muddy as a result of the rain. We had to walk on a path made by a line of bricks on the muddy ground.‎ A friend of __2__ (I) complained all the way while she stepped on the bricks __3__ (walk) towards me. Looking around she said very __4__ (patience), “Disgusting indeed! What __5__ I fall into the dirty water？”‎ Since I knew her very well, I nodded cautiously __6__ (comfort) her by my silent sympathy.‎ A few minutes later another friend came __7__ the same scene. She stepped on the brick path dancing briskly and singing，“Jump, jump, jump！” until she reached the dry ground. She couldn’t help shouting, “__8__ fun it is！” Eyes beaming with joy, she made the remarks, “The __9__ (please) thing of the rainy season is that one can entirely be free from dust.”‎ In the eyes of the two there __10__ (be) two different worlds. As the world has a population of 7 billion, it follows that there should be 7 billion worlds.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆起在尼泊尔发生的一件事：两位朋友在面对雨后泥泞的道路时，看法完全不一样，一位为此而抱怨，一位则为此而欣喜。因此，不同的人眼中的世界是不同的。‎ ‎1．became/had become　根据上下文语境可知，此处可用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；因为“道路变得泥泞”这一动作发生在“sat”之前，所以此处也可用过去完成时。故填became/had become。‎ ‎2．mine　根据语境可知，作者的一位朋友一路上一直在抱怨，此处应用I的名词性物主代词作介词“of”的宾语。故填mine。‎ ‎3．walking　分析句子结构可知，主语“she”和动词walk之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处应用walk的现在分词形式作状语。故填walking。‎ ‎4．impatiently　分析词法知识可知，此处应用副词修饰动词“said”；根据语境可知，作者的那位朋友很不耐烦地抱怨着，故应用否定形式。故填impatiently。‎ ‎5．if　what if是固定搭配，意为“如果……该怎么办”，符合语境。故填if。‎ ‎6．to comfort　根据语境可知，作者点头是为了安慰那位朋友，此处应用动词不定式表目的。故填to comfort。‎ ‎7．to　句意：几分钟之后，另一位朋友来到了同一个地方。come to意为“来到(某地)”，符合语境。故填to。‎ ‎8．What　根据句法结构可知，fun是不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导这个感叹句。故填What。‎ ‎9．most pleasant/most pleasing　句意：在雨季，最令人高兴的是人们可以完全避开灰尘。此处应用please的形容词形式pleasant/pleasing(令人愉快的)的最高级。故填most pleasant/most pleasing。‎ ‎10．were　纵观全文时态并结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时；there be结构后的“two different worlds”为复数概念，所以此处be动词应用一般过去时的复数形式。故填were。‎