2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十九：溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”

2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十九：溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十九：溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”‎ How do bats live with so many viruses?‎ 溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”‎ 读前导读：‎ 这个春节，蝙蝠瞬间成为了千夫所指的对象，人们憎恶海吃野味的非理性行为，也记恨这个传播病毒的可能宿主。“天然的病毒库”是它的别称。 既然蝙蝠本身携带如此多的病毒，为什么它自己却能毫发无损？这到底是怎样的一种神奇生物呢？。‎ Part1：高级实词分类记 名词类：‎ ‎1.outbreak/ˈaʊt.breɪk/n. ‎ ‎2.indication/ˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/n. ‎ ‎3.strain/streɪn/n. ‎ ‎4. trace/treɪs/ n. ‎ ‎5.host/hoʊst/v. n. ‎ ‎6.mammal/ˈmæm.əl/n. ‎ ‎7.invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/n. ‎ ‎8.organism/ˈɔːr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/n. ‎ ‎9.inflammation/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/n. ‎ ‎10.sense n. ‎ ‎11.alliance/əˈlaɪ.əns/n. ‎ 形容词和副词 1. previous ‎ 2. eventually ‎ 3. disease-causing ‎ 4. normally ‎ 5. damaging ‎ 6. weakened ‎ 7. balanced ‎ 1. current ‎ 2. essential ‎ 3. equally 动词 ‎1.trace/treɪs/v. ‎ ‎2.host/hoʊst/v. ‎ ‎3.float/floʊt/v. ‎ ‎4.curtail/kɚˈteɪl/v. ‎ Part2：高级词汇拓展 1. indication/ˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/n. 标示；表明；显示 v. 指出，表明______________‎ 2. invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/n. 入侵，侵略 ‎ v. 侵犯，入侵____________‎ 3. organism/ˈɔːr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/n. 生物体；（尤指）微生物 ‎ ‎ v 组织；（古）形成有机体 ____________‎ 4. inflammation/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/n. 炎（症） ‎ n. 火焰；____________‎ v. 气得脸涨红____________‎ ‎ v. 让...激动；让...更生气____________‎ Part3：高级短语荟萃 1. handle something called DNA sensing.‎ 2. energy demands of flight ‎ 3. release bits of DNA ‎ 4. respond to ‎ 5. indicate an invasion of 1. a disease-causing organism 2. weaken that system 3. be very damaging to the body 4. a weakened response 5. maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’‎ Part4：原汁文章思维能力提升训练 If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are any indication, the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually be traced back to bats.‎ One bat can host many different viruses without getting sick.‎ In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe, scientists in China and Singapore reported their investigation of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.‎ The energy demands of flight are so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.‎ Bats have lost some genes involved in that response, which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very damaging to the body. They have a weakened response, but it is still there. Thus, the researchers write, this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”‎ Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current one would most likely happen.‎ Dr. Peter Daszak, president of Eco Health Alliance, who has been working in China for 15years studying diseases that jump from animals to people, stressed that stopping the sale of wildlife in ‎ markets is essential to curtail future outbreaks. But monitoring and studying wildlife, like bats, is equally important.‎ 1、 What does the word “ inflammation ” mean？‎ 2、 What does DNA sensing mean?‎ 3. How to curtail future outbreaks of similar viruses?‎ 4. Why do bats not die of the deadly viruses in its body?‎ Part5：报刊复杂句式剖析。‎ ‎1.Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. ‎ 翻译：‎ 解析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句为：Mammals __________________________ 其中定语从句：which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. 修饰先行词 ：__________________‎ ‎2. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would normally cause ‎ inflammation as it fought the viruses.‎ 翻译：‎ 解析：本句为含有宾语从句的____________性从句。主干为：they found,_______________________。其中定语从句which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.修饰先行词：_____________‎ 相关话题语法填空 China's internet giant Alibaba has launched free online medical consultation services in an effort 1._______________(receive) hospital pressure amid the novel coronavirus spread.‎ Users can access the consultation service and view real-time epidemic data nationwide from the National Health Commission on Alibaba's online shopping platform Taobao or mobile payment app Alipay.‎ Hundreds of professional doctors from all over the country are_2.____________(provide) services through the app, 3. _____________ more than 70 percent of them being respiratory and general practitioners, the company said.‎ As of 12:00 am Sunday, the service homepage 4. _____________ (receive) nearly 400,000 visits after 5. _____________(launch) for 24 hours, with 97 percent of them from Central China's Hubei province, where the epidemic is most severe, according to data from service provider AliHealth.‎ ‎1._______________2.___________3.______________4.__________5.___________‎ 双语阅读 How do bats live with so many viruses?‎ 为什么蝙蝠能携带大量病毒而不死？‎ ‎ If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are any indication, the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually be traced back to bats.‎ 如果历史上爆发的冠状病毒能给我们提供一些借鉴，那么当下正在肆虐的这种源自武汉的新病毒最后可能也被追溯到蝙蝠身上。‎ One bat can host many different viruses without getting sick.‎ 一只蝙蝠可以携带多种病毒而自己并不生病。‎ In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe, scientists in China and Singapore reported their investigation of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.‎ ‎《细胞宿主与微生物》（Cell Host & Microbe）于 2018 年刊登了一篇论文，撰写者是来自中国和新加坡的科学家，在论文中科学家们报告了他们对于蝙蝠的新发现：蝙蝠是如何处理一种叫做 DNA 感应的能力的。‎ The energy demands of flight are so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.‎ 飞行对于能量的需求是如此巨大，以至于蝙蝠体内的细胞会破裂并释放出 DNA 片段，而这些片段会飘散到不该去的地方。包括蝙蝠在内的所有哺乳动物，都有办法识别这些 DNA 片段，并做出反应，（因为机体会认为）这些片段或许标志着，某种引发疾病的微生物在入侵。然而研究人员发现，进化过程弱化了蝙蝠体内的这一系统，通常来说，这一系统会让机体在对抗病毒时，产生炎症。‎ Bats have lost some genes involved in that response, which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very damaging to the body. They have a weakened response, but it is still there. Thus, the researchers write, this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‎ ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”‎ 蝙蝠（在进化的过程中）失去了一些与上述生理反应有关的基因，这也说得通，因为炎症本身也可能会对身体造成伤害。不过，它们的反应虽然较弱，却也依然存在。因此，研究人员写道，这一弱化的反应或许可以让它们保持“一个平衡的状态——‘有效’而非‘过度’应对病毒”。‎ Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current one would most likely happen.‎ 中国的科学家们之前已经在仔细研究蝙蝠了，他们当时就很清楚，像目前这样的（病毒）爆发很有可能会发生。‎ Dr. Peter Daszak, president of Eco Health Alliance, who has been working in China for 15years studying diseases that jump from animals to people, stressed that stopping the sale of wildlife in markets is essential to curtail future outbreaks. But monitoring and studying wildlife, like bats, is equally important.‎ 彼得•达斯扎克博士是生态健康联盟的主席，他在中国已经工作了 15 年，主要研究动物传染给人类的疾病。达斯扎克博士强调说，停止野生动物在市场中的贩卖是阻止病毒爆发的根本，但是，跟踪调查和研究类似于蝙蝠这样的野生动物，同样非常重要。‎ 话题语法填空双语阅读 China's internet giant Alibaba has launched free online medical consultation services in an effort to relieve hospital pressure amid the novel coronavirus spread.‎ 中国互联网巨头阿里巴巴推出免费在线医疗咨询服务，以缓解新型冠状病毒传播给医院带来的压力。‎ Users can access the consultation service and view real-time epidemic data nationwide from the National Health Commission on Alibaba's online shopping platform Taobao or mobile payment app Alipay.‎ 用户可以通过阿里巴巴的在线购物平台淘宝或移动支付应用支付宝访问咨询服务，并查看全国范围内的实时疫情数据。‎ Hundreds of professional doctors from all over the country are providing services through the app, with more than 70 percent of them being respiratory and general practitioners, the company said.‎ 阿里巴巴表示，来自全国各地的数百名执业医生正在通过该应用提供在线义诊服务，其中超过70%的执业医生属于呼吸科和全科医生。‎ As of 12:00 am Sunday, the service homepage received nearly 400,000 visits after being launched for 24 hours, with 97 percent of them from Central China's Hubei province, where the epidemic is most severe, according to data from service provider AliHealth.‎ 据该服务提供商阿里健康的数据显示，截至周日中午12点，该服务主页上线24小时后收到近40万次访问，其中97%来自疫情最严重的湖北省。‎