2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十四)理清句间结构之阐释

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十四)理清句间结构之阐释

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十四) 理清句间结构之阐释 表示“阐释”的句间关系就是一个分句说明一种情况，其他分句对这种情况进行解释、说明或总括。一般不常用关联词语。有时可借助同位语或同位语从句，有时可借助冒号、括号及破折号等标点符号来表示这种句间关系。利用这种阐释关系可准确解答与之相关的题目。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2017•全国卷Ⅱ•B篇 I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ Q：Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.‎ C．He wasn't famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎[分析]　两个破折号中间的内容解释了电影公司起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物，故可知作者当时不够有名。故选C项。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017•天津卷•C篇 ‎[1]This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles (自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. ‎ ‎[2]The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles the grey area between semiautonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.‎ Q：What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．A place where cars often break down.‎ B．A case where passing a law is impossible.‎ C．An area where no driving is permitted.‎ D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear.‎ ‎[分析]　第二段冒号后的句子是对death valley的阐释，即：半自动驾驶与完全无人驾驶的汽车之间的灰色地带(界线不明、难以界定的领域)，故应指驾驶员的角色不明朗的情景，D项描述与之吻合。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2017•全国卷Ⅱ•B篇 ‎[3]We shared the belief if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ Q：What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Their belief.‎ B．Their care for children.‎ C．Their success.‎ D．Their support for each other.‎ ‎[分析]　根据选段首句可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 40分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 In many parts of Africa, communities have electricity service that sometimes does not operate.And many rural (农村的) settlements are cut off from electricity producing centers.Therefore, offgrid (离网) solar power is becoming available to many communities.Offgrid solar energy is energy that is captured from the sun without being connected to a main electricity center.The International Energy Agency says more than 600 million people in Africa have no way to get electricity.New technology, however, could help solve this problem.‎ Lumos Global is among the companies offering solar energy services in Nigeria.The company's Chief Operating Officer, Nir Marom, says, “You need to put the system on the roof, and put the indoor unit in the home.There is a cable (电缆) to connect them.You don't need to be an electrician or anything like this.The sun charges the electricity, but you need to provide the credit to power the system up, and you do this using your mobile phone.” The price of offgrid solar energy systems has decreased sharply.Today, people can rent solar equipment for less than 50 cents a day.And they can pay for the electricity as they need it.‎ Senegal opened one of Africa's largest solar factories last year.The company paid for the construction of the solar factory in Senegal.A manager says a solar farm in Senegal can produce twice the amount of electricity that a farm of the same size in Britain or in northern France could produce.The International Energy Agency predicts that almost a billion people in subSaharan Africa will have ongrid electricity by 2040.But the agency says 50 million people will still be offgrid.Investors believe solar power could serve those people while also helping to reduce gases linked to climate change.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在非洲的许多地方，社区配有电力服务，不过有时候无法运行。并且，发电中心切断了许多村落的电力。幸运的是，新技术——离网太阳能可以解决这一问题。‎ ‎1．Why is the offgrid solar power popular in Africa?‎ A．Many people have difficulty in getting electricity.‎ B．There is no electricity producing centers.‎ C．It's a fashion among the communities.‎ D．It's convenient to put the energy into use.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，在非洲很多地方人们都无法用上电，这使得offgrid solar power在非洲得以流行起来。‎ ‎2．What does Nir Marom say about the offgrid solar energy system?‎ A．It's complex to change sunlight into energy.‎ B．It's simple to put the equipment in place.‎ C．It's beyond the reach of ordinary people.‎ D．It's free for people to use the system.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文中第二段Nir Marom所说“You don't need to be an electrician or anything like this.”可知，安装太阳能设备非常简单。‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A．The solar energy system in Africa develops faster than that in Europe.‎ B．Half of the people in Africa have no access to electricity.‎ C．The usage of solar power is good for the environment.‎ D．All the people in Africa can use electricity by 2040.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，太阳能的使用不仅可以满足人们需要，还可以减少与气候变化有关的温室气体的排放。即太阳能的使用对环境有益。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．This is the best way to get electricity B．Africa is facing severe energy shortages C．Solar electricity production grows in Africa D．Offgrid solar energy is better than ongrid solar energy 解析：选C　标题归纳题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍了太阳能发电在非洲非常流行。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 I was walking in a park on a cool autumn morning.The view was charming, and a pleasant breeze (微风) was kissing my face __1__.‎ Then I saw a mother and her little baby.The mother wore __2__ clothes that seemed to be found in a dustbin — How easy it is for fortunate people to __3__ away things they don't need, and they do this __4__ thinking of the unfortunate！She was holding her baby, protecting her from the morning __5__ and expecting some money from strangers so that she could __6__ food for both of them.It isn't an uncommon __7__ as we see these things every day.But they sometimes can __8__ us strongly.It was then that I realized how __9__ I had been in my whole life for living a rich life.‎ Then a man __10__ some money and food to the mother, and as she took them, her face was __11__ as if she had been the happiest person in the world.And why not, she could now __12__ her baby at least for the day.‎ Actually happiness doesn't __13__ luck, your financial or your physical conditions, but only on yourself.It is just a __14__ in your hands.If you choose to be happy, __15__ can stop you from it.The mother was happy just __16__ she got food for her baby.Back home, I decided to first be happy and then do the rest of my work.It was __17__ than I thought it would be.‎ How __18__ it is that one observation can change your life! Life has a lot to offer if you observe very __19__.One who observes can __20__ real happiness.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。幸福是一种选择，与经济状况、物质条件等没有必然的联系。‎ ‎1．A.strongly　　　　　　　　 B．gradually C．gently D．normally 解析：选C　根据前面的“a pleasant breeze (微风)”可知微风应是轻柔地(gently)吹过作者的脸颊。‎ ‎2．A.expensive B．wonderful C．perfect D．dirty 解析：选D　根据后面的“clothes that seemed to be found in a dustbin”可知这位母亲的衣服似乎是从垃圾桶里捡的，因此衣服是脏的(dirty)。‎ ‎3．A.move B．push ‎ C．throw D．send 解析：选C　根据后面的“things they don't need”可推断这里是说把不需要的东西扔掉。‎ ‎4．A.for B．in ‎ C．within D．without 解析：选D　根据上下文可推断出本句指幸运的人很轻易地把他们不需要的东西扔掉，丝毫没有(without)考虑到像这位母亲一样不幸的人。‎ ‎5．A.cold B．light C．sound D．fact 解析：选A　开头提到是一个凉爽的秋天的清晨，因此可推断出母亲抱紧孩子是为了不让其受凉(cold)。‎ ‎6．A.save B．buy C．pick D．share 解析：选B　根据上文语境可知，母亲想要钱是为了买吃的。‎ ‎7．A.result B．scene C．opinion D．comment 解析：选B　根据上下文可知，在生活中这是很常见的场景。scene“情景，场面”，符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.annoy B．concern ‎ C．affect D．challenge 解析：选C　根据前面的“But”可推断出这里指虽然类似的场景在生活中很常见，但他们有时会极大地影响(affect)着我们。‎ ‎9．A.wealthy B．special ‎ C．successful D．lucky 解析：选D　对比这位母亲的状况，作者感到自己很幸运(lucky)。‎ ‎10．A.donated B．lent ‎ C．promised D．sold 解析：选A　由上文可知，这位母亲在乞讨，所以这个男的应该是捐赠(donated)给那位母亲了一些钱和食物。‎ ‎11．A.sinking B．shining ‎ C．shaking D．falling 解析：选B　根据下文可知，母亲受到帮助后因为高兴而脸上绽放光彩(shining)。‎ ‎12．A.improve B．protect ‎ C．deliver D．feed 解析：选D　母亲高兴的是因为至少这一天可以有东西喂(feed)孩子了。‎ ‎13．A.go on B．come out C．depend on D．turn out 解析：选C　根据上下文可知作者受到启发，认为幸福不是取决于(depend on)运气、经济状况或物质条件，而是取决于自己。‎ ‎14．A.symbol B．strength C．voice D．choice 解析：选D　根据下文中的“If you choose to be happy”可知作者想表明：幸福是一种选择(choice)。‎ ‎15．A.nothing B．something C．anything D．everything 解析：选A　如果你选择快乐，那就没有任何东西(nothing)能够阻止你感到快乐。‎ ‎16．A.if B．because C．unless D．before 解析：选B　母亲高兴是因为她为孩子找到了食物，前后为因果关系。‎ ‎17．A.easier B．harder C．busier D．further 解析：选A　作者决定先快乐后工作，发现工作比原想的要容易得多。‎ ‎18．A.comforting B．amazing C．disappointing D．satisfying 解析：选B　留意生活中的点点滴滴会改变人的生活，这是很奇妙的(amazing)事情。‎ ‎19．A.closely B．strictly C．quickly D．extremely 解析：选A　如果你密切地(closely)观察，你会发现生活会给你很多。‎ ‎20．A.invent B．lose C．discover D．ignore 解析：选C　认真观察生活的人会发现(discover)真正的幸福和快乐。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Researchers find that __1__ large amount of African dust can blow all the way across the Atlantic Ocean and fall on North and South America.‎ African dust storms can harm air quality __2__ the ocean. But new research by scientists from some countries __3__ (show) the storms also can do some good. __4__ is found that an average of 28 million metric tons of Saharan dust falls in South America's Amazon River basin each year. Scientists say the dust is an important __5__ (provide) of fertilizer. “Yes, it's __6__ (surprise) because of the huge amount of dust and phosphorous (磷), __7__ is a nutrient that plants need __8__ (grow)，” one of them says.‎ In fact, the phosphorous __9__ (fall) from the sky is about the same as the amount that rivers carry out each year. The thick rainforest and the desert dust __10__ (join) together on one small planet.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。非洲的沙尘暴往往会影响大西洋的空气质量，但是新的研究发现，沙尘暴也有一些好处。本文主要介绍了沙尘暴的一些好处 ‎1．a　考查冠词。a large amount of为固定短语，意为“许多，大量”，故填a。‎ ‎2．across　考查介词。根据第一段中的“all the way across the Atlantic Ocean”可知，此处与其照应，表示非洲的沙尘暴能够横穿海洋破坏空气质量，故填across。‎ ‎3．shows　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据全文时态并结合该句的主语“new research”可知，此处应用一般现在时，且用谓语动词show的第三人称单数形式，故填shows。‎ ‎4．It　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，本句应用It，在句中作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，故填It。‎ ‎5．provider　考查名词。形容词“important”之后应接名词，此处表示“供给者”，故填provider。‎ ‎6．surprising　考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，is之后需接形容词作表语，且主语为it，指物，故填surprising。‎ ‎7．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“phosphorous(磷)”，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。‎ ‎8．to grow　考查非谓语动词。need to do意为“需要做”，此处表示植物需要营养来确保其生长，表目的，故填to grow。‎ ‎9．falling　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用非谓语动词；phosphorous与动词fall之间为主动关系，故用fall的现在分词形式作后置定语，故填falling。‎ ‎10．are joined　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句子主语与动词join之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；主语为“The thick rainforest and the desert dust”，是复数，故填are joined。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Every time my mother and I started to have a conversation, it turns into an argument. We talk about something so simple as dinner plans. Sudden, my mother will push the conversation into the topic of her best friend's son, that graduated from Tsinghua University last year. He is now earning 100,000 yuan a year as the engineer. In fact, I don't want to do any job related science like him. I don't know what to explain my plan to my mother. I'm the type of person who love to help out in the community. I even want to make a career of it because of I love it so much. I'd rather following my dreams and create my own future.‎ 答案：第一句：started→start 第二句：so→as 第三句：Sudden→Suddenly; that→who 第四句：the→an 第五句：related后加to 第六句：what→how 第七句：love→loves 第八句：去掉第二个of 第九句：following→follow