2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy-thescienceofthestars单元学案（38页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy-thescienceofthestars单元学案（38页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy-the science of the stars单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．solar adj.　　　　　　　　　 太阳的；日光的 ‎2．chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链 ‎3．dissolve vt.&vi. 溶解；解散 ‎4．acid n. 酸 ‎5．multiply vi.&vt.[纵联1] 乘；增加 ‎6．gravity n. 万有引力；重力 ‎7．extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的 ‎8．exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 ‎9．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星 ‎10．spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 ‎11．physicist n. 物理学家 ‎12．oxygen n. 氧 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛 ‎2．fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的 ‎3．thus adv. 因此；于是 ‎4．gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 ‎5．climate n. 气候 ‎6．crash vi.&vt. 碰撞；坠落 ‎7．pull n．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎8．float vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物 ‎9．system n. 系统；体系；制度 ‎10．theory n. 学说；理论 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的 ‎2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 ‎3．unlike prep.与……不同；不像 adj.不同的→like vt.喜欢 prep.像→dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌→likely adj.可能的[纵联2]‎ ‎4．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．&vt.伤害→harmless adj.无害的[纵联3]‎ ‎5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存 ‎6．puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的 ‎7．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 ‎8．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家→biological adj.‎ 生物的；生物学的[纵联4]‎ ‎9．reaction n．反应；回应→react v．反应 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.数学运算大集合 ‎①plus prep. 加；加上 ‎②minus prep. 减 n. 减号；负号 ‎③multiply vi.&vt. 乘；增加 ‎④divide v. 除；除以 纵联2.un前缀高频形容词集锦 ‎①unlike不同的 ②unfair不公平的 ‎③unimportant不重要的 ④unusual不寻常的 ‎⑤unhappy不幸福的 ⑥unfortunate不幸运的 ‎⑦unsuccessful不成功的 ⑧untidy不整洁的 纵联3.以ful结尾的形容词聚焦 ‎①harmful有害的 ②useful有用的 ‎③helpful有帮助的 ④powerful强大的 ‎⑤careful小心的 ⑥faithful忠实的 纵联4.后缀ist名词荟萃 ‎①biologist生物学家 ②tourist旅游者；游客 ‎③physicist物理学家 ④scientist科学家 ‎⑤psychologist心理学家 ⑥pianist钢琴家 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——天文学 子话题　太空科技 ‎①astronaut n. 宇航员 ‎②telescope n. 望远镜 ‎③universe n. 宇宙 ‎④rocket n. 火箭 ‎⑤orbit n. (天体等的)运行轨道 ‎⑥monitor vt. 监测；监控 ‎ ‎⑦data n. 资料；数据 ‎⑧space station 太空站；空间站 ‎⑨the outer space 外太空 ‎⑩manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船 ‎⑪weather satellite 气象卫星 ‎⑫space shuttle 航天飞机 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2016•四川高考阅读C)In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain❶ unusual groups of indigenous (土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony (殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946.‎ ‎ __❷__ theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, __❸__ making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.‎ ‎①写出本单元中与加彩词意义相近的词：exist ‎②在空白处填入适当的介词：In，与后面的theory搭配，意为理论上 ‎③选词填空：C A．but　　　B．however　　　C．thus ‎2．(2017•江苏高考阅读D)Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His notforprofit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as __❶__ (float) libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar❷ panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental❸ level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.‎ ‎①用float的适当形式填空：floating ‎②写出加彩词在句中的含义：太阳的；日光的， solar panels意为太阳能电池板 ‎③写出加彩词在句中的含义：基本的；基础的 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)与西方风俗习惯不同，如果你被邀请参加晚宴，准时是有礼貌的。(unlike)‎ Unlike_western_customs,_it_is_good_manners to be punctual if you are invited to attend a dinner party.‎ ‎2．(2016•江苏高考书面表达)虽然许多人对于网络投票的负面影响感到困惑，但是现在网络投票仍然受欢迎。(puzzled)‎ While_many_people_are_puzzled at the negative side of the voting, Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．harmful adj.有害的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be harmful to sb./sth.　　　　　 对某人/某物有害 (2)do/cause harm to sb.do/cause sb.harm　　　　　 对某人有害 (3)There is no harm in doing sth.It does no harm to do sth. 做某事没有坏处 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one’s health.‎ ‎②As far as I’m concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first.‎ ‎③These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。‎ ‎④What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is_harmful_to_your_health.(harmful)‎ ‎⑤It is known to us that eating too much junk food does_harm_to_your_health.(harm n．)‎ ‎2．exist vi.存在；生存 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)exist in　　　　 　　　　 存在于……之中 exist on 靠……为生 there exists ... 某地有……；存在……‎ ‎(2)existence n. 存在；生存 come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 ‎(3)existing adj. 现存的；现行的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．‎ ‎②You can’t imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he is earning.‎ ‎③The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long ‎ time in our school.‎ ‎[用准]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。‎ As_is_known_to_us,_there_exists_a_generation_gap_between_the_young_and_the_old.‎ ‎3．puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)困惑n.谜；难题 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)puzzle about/over　　　 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 ‎(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情 ‎(3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的 be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 ‎(4)puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)‎ ‎②She lost heart since she failed the exam, because her future was puzzling (puzzle)．‎ ‎③People have long puzzled over/about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.‎ ‎[用准]　过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised 等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④事实上，困扰你的事情对于中国的许多父母来说也是一个难题。‎ What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_to_many_parents_in_China.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Unlike (不像) his brother, he is talkative and has a sense of humour.‎ ‎2．Accustomed to the climate (气候) in the countryside, the old couple prefer not to move to the city.‎ ‎3．They completely ignored these problems as if they never existed (存在)．‎ ‎4．As is known to us, lack of sleep does great harm (伤害) to us students.‎ ‎5．He was quite puzzled (困惑的) about what to do next, so he turned to his father for help.‎ ‎6．The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (理论) must be based on facts.‎ ‎7．Those anxious for reform say that the present system (系统) is not perfect.‎ ‎8．He found something floating (漂浮) on the lake，which frightened him.‎ ‎9．A truck went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus.‎ ‎10．Some experts think reading is the fundamental (基本的) skill upon ‎ which school education depends.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He often says that he doesn’t believe in any religion (religious) and only believes in himself.‎ ‎2．As is known to us, the People’s Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.‎ ‎3．Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on earth.‎ ‎4．He is one of the greatest physicists (physics) in the world and many people admire him very much.‎ ‎5．The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Wandering in the countryside, I could feel the wind gentle blowing through my hair.gentle→gently ‎2．The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.puzzling→puzzled ‎3．She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed, which is harmful for her eyes.for→to ‎4．Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exists in his mind.exists→exist ‎5．The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and had crashed ‎ into a truck.去掉had Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．众所周知，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。(harmful)‎ What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_our_health.‎ ‎2．他相信和中国建立更加良好的关系对这一地区的繁荣发展至关重要。(fundamental)‎ He believes better relations with China are_fundamental_to the wellbeing of the area.‎ ‎3．这个地区的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。(pull)‎ Whether the buildings in this area should_be_pulled_down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.‎ ‎4．这次台风太猛烈了以至于损坏了许多小汽车、树木甚至房子。(violent)‎ The typhoon was_so_violent_that it destroyed many cars, trees and even houses.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．in_time　　　　　　　　　　 及时；终于；迟早 ‎2．lay_eggs 下蛋 ‎3．give_birth_to 产生；分娩 ‎4．in_one’s_turn 轮到某人；接着 ‎5．watch_out_for [串记1] 密切注意；当心；提防 ‎6．cheer__up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎7．depend_on 依靠；取决于 ‎8．break_out 突发；爆发 ‎9．prevent_..._from [串记2] 阻止；制止 ‎10．block_out 　　[串记3] 挡住(光线)‎ ‎11．now_that 既然 ‎12．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语聚焦 ‎①watch out (for)小心；当心 ②look out当心 ‎③take care小心 ④be careful小心 串记2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达 ‎①prevent sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎②stop sb.from doing sth.‎ ‎③ban sb.from doing sth.‎ ‎④keep sb.from doing sth.‎ ‎⑤discourage sb.from doing sth.‎ 串记3.“动词＋out”短语荟萃 ‎①block out挡住(光线) ②break out突发；爆发 ‎③find out查出；弄明白 ④die out灭绝 ‎⑤put out扑灭 ⑥run out用完 ‎⑦let out泄露；发出(声音) ⑧come out出版 ‎ ‎ ‎1．solar system 太阳系 ‎2．begin with 从……开始；起源于 ‎3．in all directions 朝四面八方 ‎4．a chain reaction 连锁反应 ‎5．make a trip into space 太空旅行 ‎6．get close to 接近，靠近 ‎7．step forward 朝前走，迈步向前 ‎8．fall over 跌倒；摔倒 ‎ ‎ ‎1．This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.‎ 这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ ‎2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.‎ 但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。‎ ‎3．“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.”‎ ‎“天哪，”我大声说，“‎ 既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”‎ ‎4．We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.‎ 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语 ‎(补全句子/同义替换/选词填空)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent_them_turning_brown (阻止它们变成棕色)．‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五)I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.(写出本单元与加黑词意义相近的短语)in_time ‎3．(2017•6月浙江高考完形)Her friends came to help her when the war __B__.‎ A．took place　　　　　　　 　B．broke out C．happened D．burst 高考采撷(二)　写作中的句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•北京高考书面表达)我详细地解释这个过程的每一步，这让他们理解如何泡茶成为可能。(make＋it＋adj.＋for sb. to do)‎ I explained every step of the process in detail, which made it possible for them to understand how to make tea.‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。(倍数＋as ...as)‎ The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is three times as big as that ten years ago.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．in time及时；终于；迟早 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in time for ...　　　　　 刚好赶上……‎ in time to do sth. 及时做某事 ‎(2)in no time 立刻；马上 at no time 决不 at a time 每次；一次 at one time 曾经；一度 at the same time 同时 at times 有时；偶尔 from time to time 有时；偶尔 ‎(3)take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①As a proverb goes, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time.‎ ‎②(2016•全国卷Ⅲ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.‎ ‎③Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time.‎ ‎④We reached on the top of Mount Tai, just in time to_enjoy (enjoy) the rising sun.‎ ‎[用准]　at no time等表示否定意义的短语位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎⑤In my view, you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble.‎ ‎→In my view, at_no_time_should_you_lose_heart whenever you are in trouble.(倒装句)‎ ‎2．in one’s turn轮到某人；接着 ‎[记牢]‎ in turn　　　　　　　　　　　 依次；相应地；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that ... 结果……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Now that we have finished the design, it is in their turn to construct.‎ ‎②At the meeting they took turns to_put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.‎ ‎③The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.‎ ‎[用准]　by turns是“交替地；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。‎ People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which_in_turn_creates_more_problems.‎ ‎3．cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)cheer sb.up　　 使某人振作起来 cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油 cheer for 为……而欢呼 ‎(2)Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Cheer Mary up,_and things will work out for the best.‎ ‎②Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.‎ 补全句子 ‎③I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely! ‎ 我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！‎ ‎[用准]　cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎④When I’m feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.(升级加黑词汇)‎ ‎→When I’m feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer_me_up.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．make it＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do ‎[教材原句]　This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.‎ ‎(2)People in the west make it a rule to_buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.‎ ‎(3)He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句 ‎(2)make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do 不定式 ‎(3)make＋it＋no good/no use/no value ...＋doing sth.‎ 注意事项 常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等 ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)I have a good command of English, which makes it easier for me to find a good job.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018•浙江高考写作)You have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for you to apply for the position.(要点句)‎ ‎2．倍数表达法 ‎[教材原句]　But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)There are five_times_as_many_books in our library as in yours.‎ 我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的书的五倍。‎ ‎(2)据我所知，这个城市是那个城市的三倍大。(一句多译)‎ ‎①As far as I know, the city is three times as_large_as that one.‎ ‎②As far as I know, the city is three times larger_than that one.‎ ‎③As far as I know, the city is three times the_size_of that one.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)倍数＋as＋many/much＋n.＋as ‎(2)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ‎(3)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ‎(4)倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of 注意事项 (1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“‎ 基数词＋times”表达。‎ ‎(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 cheer up， now that， break out， in time， in one's turn， watch out for ‎1．Mr Brown had intended to catch the early train, but he didn’t get up in_time.‎ ‎2．Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.‎ ‎3．At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this morning.‎ ‎4．When the professor turned up, all the students cheered_up.‎ ‎5．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in_its_turn.‎ ‎6．Now_that you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)‎ These travelers returned to the hotel, tired_and_sleepy.‎ ‎2．无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯。(make it ＋n.＋to do ...)‎ No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk before breakfast.‎ ‎3．李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法)‎ ‎ Li Ming’s mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Hua’s, but the price was twice_as_much_as Zhang Hua’s.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是中学生李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母的理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点如下：‎ ‎1．你的观点(至少两点)；‎ ‎2．父母的意见。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作是一封求助信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。此书面表达开放性较大，题干给出的信息非常有限，因此准确审题并准确表达要点至关重要。文章可分三个层次：首先点明写信目的，说明“我与父母之间存在着问题，想求助”；主体部分陈述父母的观点( 爱好影响学习)及你对太空探险的观点(对太空探索痴迷；健康的爱好的好处等)；最后表达希望(希望对方提供帮助)。在陈述父母及你的观点的写作要点时，要合理发挥想象，注意提出至少两条观点。‎ 要点1－①：我写信向你求助。‎ I’m_writing_to_seek_your_help.‎ 要点1－②：我和父母之间存在一个问题。‎ There_exists_a_problem_between_my_parents_and_me.‎ 要点1－③：我不知道如何处理这个问题。(at a loss)‎ I’m_at_a_loss_how_to_deal_with_it.‎ 要点2－①：我对太空探索痴迷。‎ I’m_crazy_about_space_exploration.‎ 要点2－②：我认为健康的爱好有利于我们的全面发展。(overall)‎ I_think_healthy_hobbies_are_beneficial_to_our_overall_development.‎ 要点2－③：我的父母认为我的爱好迟早会对我的学习有不好的影响。‎ My_parents_think_my_hobby_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_my_study_in_time.‎ 要点3：我希望你能给我提供一些宝贵的建议。期待你的早日答复。‎ I_hope_you_can_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions._Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行添枝加叶，让要点在内容上和形式上更丰满。对要点1－②添加高级句式v.ing结构作结果 状语增加“我与父母之间存在的问题导致的结果”；要点2－①增加痴迷于太空探索经常做的事情，并用so ...that ...倒装句型提升作文档次；要点2－②增加细节“父母不理解我，这使我很伤心”；要点2后增加细节句“父母为此所采取的行动，以及缘由”；要点3使用高级句式I’d appreciate it if ...表达殷切盼望。‎ 拓展要点1－②：我和父母之间存在一个问题，使我不可能集中精力学习。(v.ing作状语)‎ There_exists_a_problem_between_my_parents_and_me,_making_it_impossible_for_me_to_concentrate_on_my_study.‎ 拓展要点2－①：我对太空探索如此痴迷以至于业余时间我常去图书馆阅读有关太空探索的东西。(in my spare time, so ... that ...倒装句型)‎ So_crazy_am_I_about_space_exploration_that_in_my_spare_time_I_often_go_to_the_library_to_read_something_about_space_exploration.‎ 拓展要点2－②：我认为健康的爱好有利于我们的全面发展。父母不理解我，这使我很伤心。(which引导定语从句)‎ I_think_healthy_hobbies_are_beneficial_to_our_overall_development.My_parents_don’t_understand_me,_which_upsets_me.‎ 补充要点2：他们尽力阻止我去图书馆。对他们而言，好成绩意味着一切，我应该花双倍的时间在学习上。(what宾语从句， prevent ...from)‎ They_do_what_they_can_do_to_prevent_me_from_going_to_the_library.To_them,_‎ good_marks_mean_everything_and_I_should_spend_twice_more_time_on_my_lessons.‎ 升级要点3：如果你能给我提供一些宝贵的建议我将感激不尽。期待你的早日答复。(I’d appreciate it if ...)‎ I’d_appreciate_it_if_you_could_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions.Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 结合要点，文章可分三段来成文，介绍父母及你对太空探险的观点时可添加连接词but， as a consequence把基本要点和拓展要点巧妙衔接，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear_Stephen，‎ I’m_writing_to_seek_your_help.There_exists_a_problem_between_my_parents_and_me,_making_it_impossible_for_me_to_concentrate_on_my_study.I’m_at_a_loss_how_to_deal_with_it.‎ So_crazy_am_I_about_space_exploration_that_in_my_spare_time_I_often_go_to_the_library_to_read_something_about_space_exploration.I_think_healthy_hobbies_are_beneficial_to_our_overall_development.But_my_parents_don’t_understand_me,_which_upsets_me.They_think_my_hobby_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_my_study_in_time.As_a_consequence,_they_do_what_they_can_do_to_prevent_me_from_going_to_the_library.To_them,_good_marks_mean_everything_and_I_should_spend_twice_more_time_on_my_lessons.‎ I’d_appreciate_it_if_you_could_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions.Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清文体结构之(十四)　说明文之事理类——掌握行文结构最重要 事理类说明文在某个程度上与议论文相似，在文章开头往往提出一个现象，接着以科学研究成果为例，说明这个现象的普遍性与真实性，在文章最后给出结论，与篇首的现象相互印证。‎ ‎　　[高考典例]　2016•天津卷•C篇 [速读全文，理行文结构]‎ ‎　　[1]When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.‎ ‎[2]These are the findings of a 40year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt ‎ good about them.”‎ ‎[3]Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores. Points were awarded for parttime jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.‎ ‎[4]The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.‎ ‎[5]Working — at any age — is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.” 1.提出现象(第1段)‎ 童年时期帮助做家务的孩子长大后更快乐。(可解46题)‎ ‎2.以研究成果为例说明该现象的普遍性和真实性 第2段第3段第4段用数字验证现象 ‎3.给出结论 第5段点明工作的重要性，童年时期的各项活动能够帮助孩子情感健康发展，这也印证了第1段提出的现象。(可解50题)‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎46．What do we know about John?‎ A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.‎ B．He had few childhood playmates.‎ C．He received little love from his family.‎ D．He was envied by others in his childhood.‎ ‎50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．Competent adults know more about love than work.‎ B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.‎ C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.‎ D．Independence is the key to one’s success.‎ ‎[答案]　46.A　50.B ‎46．由题干关键词定位到第1段划波浪线部分，分析得出答案。‎ ‎50．由题干关键词定位到最后一段(结论段)，归纳得出答案。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•太原一模)More than 90 years has passed since Hollywood’s official film organization first proposed plans to build its own museum. Those plans are finally becoming a reality, with the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures set to open in 2019.‎ The project is underway at the site of a historic Los Angeles department store built in 1939. Museum officials say visitors will be able to “experience the magic of cinema” by learning about all parts of the filmmaking process.‎ Film historian Kerry Brougher has been named director of the museum. Brougher says the museum will include over 12 million photographs and 80,000 screenplays as well as props (道具), costumes and other objects from famous films. The Academy Museum will also feature Oscar statuettes (小雕像) donated by actors who won the awards.‎ Brougher says the museum is designed to make visitors feel like they are in a movie, too, with many interactive experiences.“You won’t necessarily know what’s coming next，” he adds.“You’ll be in environments sometimes that make you feel like you’ve gone back to the past and that you’re in the area that you’re actually exploring.” He adds that visitors may even get the chance to walk down a red carpet and accept their own Academy Award.‎ Currently, Hollywood only has a few possibilities for visitors. They can go along the Walk of Fame, visit movie studios or see the ‎ Dolby Theater, where the Oscars are presented. But beyond these, movie fans have limited possibilities.‎ Eric Garcetti, the mayor of Los Angeles says the Academy Museum will provide visitors with the chance to experience many different parts of the film industry all in one place. Garcetti notes the museum will also serve the hundreds of thousands of local people working in filmrelated businesses. He says they, too, will finally be able to visit a place that celebrates their own Hollywood movie industry.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了好莱坞终于有了自己的电影博物馆，并将于2019年向公众开放。‎ ‎1．When was the idea of building a museum in Hollywood first put forward?‎ A．In the 1920s.　　　　　 　B．In 1939.‎ C．In the 1990s. D．In 2019.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，自好莱坞官方电影组织首次提出建立自己的博物馆的计划以来，已经过去了九十多年，因此大约在20世纪20年代第一次提出了在好莱坞建立博物馆的想法，故选A项。‎ ‎2．What can we learn from Brougher’s words?‎ A．Photos of visitors will be put on display.‎ B．Settings in the museum will feel quite real.‎ C．Most visitors will be presented with an award.‎ D．Actors will donate much money to the museum.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“You’ll be in environments ...that you’re actually exploring.”可知，博物馆的环境会让你有回到过去、身临其境的感觉，故从Brougher的话中可以推断出博物馆的背景环境令人感觉非常真实，故选B项。‎ ‎3．What is Eric Garcetti’s attitude towards the Academy Museum?‎ A．Supportive. B．Critical.‎ C．Disapproving. D．Cautious.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Eric Garcetti说的话可知，Garcetti认为博物馆将为游客提供体验电影行业许多不同方面的机会，并为成千上万在电影相关行业工作的当地人员服务。因此可知，Garcetti对博物馆持支持的态度，故选A项。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．The Filmmaking Plans in Hollywood B．The Filmmaking Process of Hollywood C．Hollywood Making Plans of Film Museums D．Hollywood Getting Its Own Film Museum 解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文及根据本文第一段中的“Those plans are finally becoming a reality, with the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures set to open in 2019.”可知，本文主要围绕“好莱坞将要建成自己的电影博物馆”这个主题展开论述，故选D项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•辽宁五校高三上学期模拟)It had been a long time since I had been to Jacksonville, Florida. I had driven to town __1__ to find the old barbershop where my hair had been cut when I was a child. As I __2__ around, I was a little disappointed to see the old buildings had been __3__ with new highrise ones.‎ After walking about a block I saw an open shoe store. Wondering whether I could get the __4__， I walked in. As I stood talking to the salesman, the front door opened and a young man about twenty came into the store in a __5__.“I need a new pair of shoes，” said the __6__.As he turned the corner, I was __7__ to see that the young man had no legs.‎ Seeing us __8__， the young man said，“When I was a __9__， my parents used to buy me a new pair of shoes every year. That was such a wonderful feeling — __10__ I have never forgotten.”‎ Soon the salesman came with a large box. He put it down on the floor, took out a boot and handed it to the young man. Placing the boot __11__ his nose, the young man closed both eyes, and took a deep breath. I did not know what to say as tears began to roll down his __12__. ‎ Suddenly we heard the salesman shouting to an old man ___13__ who looked in the window from time to time. The young man looked at the old man and then turned to me. “Would you walk out and see what ‎ ‎__14__ that fellow wears？” he __15__.‎ Wondering why, I __16__ walked to the front door, opened it and asked the old man to __17__. “What size of shoes do you wear？” the young man asked the old man.“I don’t know，” he replied, as he __18__ his old tennis shoes.“I would say nine and a half，” I suggested. “What’s your __19__hiking boot in nine and a half？” the young man asked the salesman. Within a minute, the salesman returned with a pair of hiking boots. The young man __20__ out, took the boot, placed it to his nose and took a deep breath. Once again, tears came to his eyes.“Sir, would you mind trying on these boots？” the boy asked the old fellow.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位没有双腿的陌生青年为一陌生穷苦老人买鞋的感人故事。‎ ‎1．A.needing　　　　　　　　 　B．waiting C．helping D．hoping 解析：选D　根据空后的“where my hair had been cut when I was a child”及下文内容可知，作者希望(hoping)找到这家理发店。‎ ‎2．A.wandered B．jumped C．ran D．wondered 解析：选A　当作者闲逛(wandered)时，看到老的建筑被新的高楼替代(replaced)，作者有一点失望。‎ ‎3．A.ruined B．decorated C．replaced D．lined 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.keys B．answer C．shoes D．service 解析：选B　从上文可知作者在找那家理发店，作者看到一家开着门的鞋店，他想从鞋店里得到答案(answer)，所以他走了进去。‎ ‎5．A.wheelchair B．car C．boot D．suit 解析：选A　根据下文中的“had no legs”可推知这个年轻人是坐着轮椅(wheelchair)进店的。‎ ‎6．A.salesman B．owner C．elder D．customer 解析：选D　根据空前的“I need a new pair of shoes”可知，进店的那位年轻人是一位顾客(customer)。‎ ‎7．A.excited B．shocked C．ashamed D．embarrassed 解析：选B　根据上文可知，一个没有脚的年轻人却要买鞋子，这让作者感到震惊(shocked)。excited“兴奋的”；ashamed“惭愧的”；embarrassed“尴尬的，窘迫的”。‎ ‎8．A.unsatisfied B．uninterested C．puzzled D．worried 解析：选C　根据下文那个年轻人解释自己为什么买鞋可知，此处表示“看到我们疑惑(puzzled)，那个年轻人解释道”。‎ ‎9．A.student B．manager C．barber D．kid 解析：选D　根据语境可知，当这个年轻人还是个孩子(kid)的时候，父母每年都会给他买双新鞋。‎ ‎10．A.everything B．something C．nothing D．anything 解析：选B　根据空前的破折号可知，空处是对其前“such a wonderful feeling”的补充说明，表示“一种至今难以忘怀的东西(something)”。‎ ‎11．A.to B．over C．across D．on 解析：选A　根据下文中的“placed it to his nose”可知答案为A。‎ ‎12．A.sleeves B．hands C．cheeks D．legs 解析：选C　作者看到年轻人泪流满面，不知说什么好。cheek“面颊，脸颊”符合语境，故选C。‎ ‎13．A.in horror B．in sorrow C．in relief D．in rags 解析：选D　根据鞋店售货员吼窗外老人和下文年轻人要给老人买鞋可推断，该老人应该是穿着破烂(in rags)的。in horror“惊恐地”；in sorrow“悲痛地”；in relief“放心地”。‎ ‎14．A.color B．size C．price D．material 解析：选B　根据下文“What size of shoes do you wear？”可知，这位年轻人请求作者去询问窗外老人所穿鞋子的尺码(size)，故选B。‎ ‎15．A.requested B．ordered C．required D．begged 解析：选A　作者和该年轻人是陌生人，故此处应表示请求作者。request“请求”符合语境。‎ ‎16．A.suddenly B．unwillingly C．slowly D．steadily 解析：选C　根据空前的“Wondering why”及语境可知，此时作者心里充满疑惑，这个年轻人为什么要问这位老人穿多大尺码的鞋，所以作者应该是慢慢地(slowly)走出去。unwillingly“不愿意地”；steadily“稳定地”。‎ ‎17．A.leave B．enter C．visit D．meet 解析：选B　从下文在店内的年轻人为老人买鞋可知，老人从店外进入(enter)店内。‎ ‎18．A.turned around B．showed up C．turned back D．looked down at 解析：选D　当老人听到年轻人问起鞋子的尺码时，就低头看(looked down at)脚上的鞋子。turn around“转身，扭转”；show up“出现”；turn back“折回，掉转头”。‎ ‎19．A.best B．dearest C．heaviest D．quickest 解析：选A　根据语境可知，那个年轻人要为老人买最好的(best)鞋子。dear“昂贵的”；heavy“沉重的”；quick“迅速的”。‎ ‎20．A.burst B．looked C．reached D．broke 解析：选C　根据下文“took the boot, placed it ... breath”等动作可知，第一个动作应该是伸出手(reached out)接过鞋子。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Red is a particularly popular color in China. A pair of red shoes — __1__ they are for sports, dances or just fashion — is a musthave for every Chinese woman’s shoe collection. For most Chinese brides, red shoes should also be worn __2__ their big day.‎ As women’s feet __3__ (connect) with female attraction, red shoes often emphasize this aspect __4___ convey special beauty. In some classical Chinese novels, there are __5__ (describe) of charming women in red silk shoes.‎ If you wear a dark dress in __6__ cold season, a pair of red shoes can raise your ensemble (整套服装) to a __7__ (high) level. They can also go with different levels of red color, __8__ (give) the wearer a lively and joyful look.‎ ‎__9__ (sure) red will always be a beloved color for designers, and red shoes have also become a choice for many supermodels. If you are also a ‎ fan of this __10__ (energy) color, consider wearing a pair of red shoes for every Chinese Lunar New Year!‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了红色在中国备受青睐的原因和意义。‎ ‎1．whether　考查连词。whether ... or ... 意为“无论……还是……”，表示选择，故用连词whether。‎ ‎2．on　考查介词。on＋具体的日子，表示在具体的某一天。‎ ‎3．are connected　考查动词的时态和语态。动词connect和句子的主语women’s feet之间为被动关系，且此处是对客观情况的陈述，故用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．and　考查连词。根据语境可知，前后句之间表示逻辑上的并列关系，即emphasize和convey并列，故用连词and。‎ ‎5．descriptions　考查名词复数。由介词of可知，此处应用名词形式，再由空前的there are，且description为可数名词可知，应用descriptions。‎ ‎6．a　考查冠词。season是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故填a。‎ ‎7．higher　考查形容词比较级。一双红色的鞋可以把你的整套服装提升到一个更高的水平。根据语境可知，此处隐含了一种比较的含义，故用形容词比较级higher修饰名词level。‎ ‎8．giving　考查非谓语动词。动词give和句子的谓语go之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。‎ ‎9．Surely　考查副词。此处修饰整个句子，故应用副词形式。‎ ‎10．energetic　考查形容词。修饰名词一般用形容词，故此处用形容 词energetic修饰名词color。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019•洛阳第一次统考)In my spare time, I often read some books written by famous writers in or abroad. I ever read China’s Four Great Classical novel such as Journey to the West. Beside, I enjoy reading Tang poetry.‎ I have been writing from I was nine years old. I am remember the first time my parents and I talked about my dream of becoming writer. They laughed out happy when they read the short story I write about robots. They think that my story is well worth read and that I am good at writing. I believe I will achieve their dream.‎ 答案：第一句：or→and 第二句：novel→novels 第三句：Beside→Besides 第四句：from→since 第五句：去掉am; writer前加a 第六句：happy→happily; write→wrote 第七句：read→reading 第八句：their→my