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2018届二轮复习状语从句课件（58张）
2018 届二轮复习 状语从句专题 我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。 她在看报的时候睡着了。 在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。 他们边走边聊。 . When I got home, my family were already having dinner. She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. You must first learn to walk before you try to run. They talked as they walked. 看上去她好象是生病了。 除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的 因为我喜欢，所以我才干。 入乡随俗。 你爱坐哪儿就坐哪儿。 有志者，事竟成。 You may sit down wherever you like. Where there is a will, there is a way . Because I like it, I do it. They will go tomorrow unless it rains . Do in Rome as the Romans do. She looks as if she is ill . 不管你信不信，这是真的。 他虽然穷，但很快乐 。 他尽管年轻，但很聪明。 你看的书越多，你懂得就越多。 上海下的雨比北京的多。 It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing. The more you read, the better you understand. Although he is young, he is very clever . Though he is poor, he is happy. Whether you believe it or not, it's true. 状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。 一、 时间状语从句 ①when 表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。 When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. 当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（ when 表示段时间） He waved a hello when he saw her. 当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（ when 表示点时间） When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something. 当你认为自己一无所知的时候，就开始知道一些事情了。（ when 表示段时间） 经典句型： 当 when 意思是正当 …… 时候（ and at that moment ）时， when 只能跟在前一分句之后。 He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang. 他正要上床，忽然门铃响了。 They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out. 他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。 ② 有时 when 表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于 although 或 since 。 He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。 2 ． while ①while 通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ②while 有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成 …… 而 …… 。 I am fond of English while he likes maths . 我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。 We slept while the captain kept watch. 我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。 ③while 有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。 While they love the children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。 3 ． as ①as 表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。 as 和 when 两者经常可以通用。 The thief was caught as/ when he was stealing in the supermarket. 小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。 I saw Jim as /when he left the meeting room. 吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。 ②as 表示 一边 …… 一边 …… ，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 He looked behind from time to time as he went. 他一边走，一边不时地往后看。 ③as 表示随着 As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。 4 ． whenever whenever 是 when 的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。 You are always welcome whenever you come. 无论你何时来都欢迎。 Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。 B ． before, after 1 ． before before 表示在一段时间之前。 I must finish all the work before go home. 回家之前我必须干完所有的活。 You must first learn to walk before you try to run. 在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。 He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。 注意： before 从句往往带有否定的含义。 He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。 Take it down before you forget it. 趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来。 经典句型： before 常用句型 It is/ was / will be ……before…… 过了多久才 …… < 肯定句 > 没过多久就 …… < 否定句 > It wil be five years before we meet again. 五年以后我们才能再见。 It will be not long before you regret what you have done. 不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到后悔的。 It was not long before I realized I was wrong. 不久我就意识到我错了。 It was minutes before the police arrived. 过了几分钟警察才到。 2 ． after after 表在一段时间之后。 Let's play football after school is over. 放学后我们踢足球吧。 The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. 暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。 3 ． till, until 1 ． until /till 用于肯定句时，表示直到 …… 为止 ， 主句必须为持续性动词 。 We shall wait until till he comes back. 我们将一直等到他回来。 ( 注意它们的拼写 ) Everything went well until /till that accident happened. 直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。 2 ． Not…… until/till 表示直到 …… 才 ， 主句通常要用短暂动词 I didn't leave until till before she came back. 直到她回来，我才离开的。 Bells don't ring till until you strike them. 铃不打不响。 People do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it. 人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。 3 ．当 not until 位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。 注意： until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后， 但 till 从句一般不放在句首。 4 ．在强调句型中一般只能用 until ，不用 till 。 4 ． since, ever since 1 ． since 自 …… 以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为 延续性动词的现在完成时 ， since 从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。 It has been just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 Where have you been since I last saw you 自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里？ Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps. 她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。 经典句型： It is …… since …… It's two years since he was a college student. 他大学毕业已有两年了 2 ． ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。 3 ． since 还可以用作副词或介词 My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s. He has been living there （ ever ） since. 我叔叔五十年代就去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。 You have made great achievements in your work since graduation. 你们自毕业以来已经在工作中取得了巨大成就。 5.as soon as as soon as... 可译为一 …… 就 …… ，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。 He will come and see you as soon as he can. 他一有空就来看你。 He rushed home as soon as he got the good news. 他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。 必背： 1. 一 …… 就 …… 还可以用 on/ upon doing 结构来表示。 On arriving home he called up Lester. 2.immediately instantly directly 相当于 as soon as ，从句中用一般过去时态。 They phoned her immediately they reached home. 他一到家马上就给她打了电话。 3.the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一 就 。 He said he'd turn on TV the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就打开电视机。 Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 告诉他，他一到我就要见他。 The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom. 铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。 4.hardly / scarcely……when , no sooner…… than 这两个短语都表示刚 …… 就 …… ，可以互换， 主句通常用去完成时。 He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick. 他刚出发就想起家来。 注意： 当 hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。 6. once once 作连词时，也相当于 as soon as ，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。 Once you begin, you must continue. 一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。 Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。 7.next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等 Be sure to call on us next time you come to town. 下次你进城一定来看我们。 He left me a good impression the first time I met him. 我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。 Every time I see him he looks miserable. 我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。 The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough. 上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。 8.by the time by the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到 …… 时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。 By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. 爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 ( 从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时 ) I shall have finished my work by the time you return. 在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。 ( 从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时 ) 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever （ where 的强势语）和 everywhere ， anywhere 等引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。 1 ． where where 在 …… 地方，去 …… 地方 Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet. 武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。 I found my books where I had left them. 我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。 You'd better make a mark where you have any questions. 哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。 ( 这里 where 引导的从句不是定语从句 ) 注意： 在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。 【误】 You should put the book at where it was. 【正】 You should put the book where it was. 你应该把书放在原来的地方。 【误】 We should go to where we are needed most. 【正】 We should go where we are needed most. 我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。 2.wherever wherever 在任何 …… 地方，无论哪里 Wherever you go, you should do your work well. 不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。 m3.everywhere Everywhere they went, they were kindly received. 他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。 三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有 as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that 等。 1 ． because He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there. 他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。 比较： because 和 for 的区别。 1 ． for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此 不能用于句首 。 because 表示原因时，可位于句首。 【误】 For he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 【正】 Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。 2 ． for 表示的是推断解释， because 强调动作发生的直接原因 。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用 because ，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因） The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用 because ，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因） 3 ．在强调结构 It is/ was…… that 和关联词 not…… but 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用 because He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill. 2.since since 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。 Since you are al here, let's try and reach a decision. 既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。 3.as as 由于。一般多用于句首。 As she was ill, she didn't come to the party. 由于病了，她没来参加晚会。 As he was not well enough, I had to go without him. 由于他身体欠佳，我只好不带他去了。 注意： because, since, as 的区别 1 ． because 语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在回答 why 引导的特殊疑问句时应用 because. 且 because 不能与 so 连用。 2 ． since 往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。 3 ． as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。 as 从句通常放在主句前。 4 ． now that now that 既然，因为。 that 可以省略。 Now (that) dinner is ready, go and wash your hands. 既然饭已好了，洗手去吧。 Now you mention it again, I do remember. 既然你又提起此事，我倒回想起来了。 5.conidering that, seeing that 这两个词和 since, now that 意思相近，都有鉴于 事实，考虑到 的意思。 Seeing that quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会。 (seeing 后面的 that 可以省略 ) Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite good job. 考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。 四、条件状语从句 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的有 if, unless, so as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing 等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。 1.if 表示正面条件，意为如果。 If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。 Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. 如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。 注意： if only 和 only if 的对比。 if only 解释但愿，要是 …… 就好了，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。 only if 解释只有，等于 only on condition that ，从句用陈述语气。 Only if you heat ice, it turns to water. 只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。 If only I knew! 要是我知道该多好。 2.unless unless 表示反面条件，意思是如果不、除非。 I won't let you in unless you show me your pass. 如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。 3.so long as, as long as, on condition that 这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是 …… 。 As/So long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。 You may use the room on condition that so long as you clean it afterwards. 只要你用完后打扫干净，你就可以使用这个房间。 4.in case 万一，如果 in case 既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于 if it happens that 。 In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。 Send a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。 5.providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that 这几个短语意思相近，有如果，只要，假如等意思。 Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。 (that 可以省略 ) Provided /Providing （ that ） we invite him, he would surely come to dinner. 假如我们邀请他的话，他肯定会来吃饭的。 Suppose/Supposing we can't get enough food, what shall we do 假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎幺办？（仅用于疑问句） 1. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed carefully. (2007 上海 ) though B. before C. until D. if 2.In time of serious accidents, ____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. (2006) A. whether B. until C. if D. unless 3.Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ____ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. (2007 湖南 ) A. why B. how C. unless D. where 五：方式状语从句 方式状语从句是描述动作方式的从句。方式状语从句常由 as, as if as though 等词引导，通常位于主句之。 1 ． as, just as 这两个连词的意思是如 …… ，正如 …… 一样。 just as 比 as 语气要强一些。 Leave things as they are. 让一切顺其自然。 Please do as you are told. 请按照人家告诉你做的去做。（也可说 Please do as told. ） Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea. 气球在空中就如同船浮在海面上一样。 2.as if, as though 由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气的过去式表示现在不符的或与事实相反的情况 She looks as if she is ill. 看上去她好象是生病了。 The boy plays piano as though he has a natural ear for music. 这孩子弹起钢琴来家好象天生很懂音乐似的。 They talked loudly as if nobody were around. 他们大声说话仿佛周围没人似的。 He acted as if though nothing had happened 他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。 六：比较状语从句 比较状语从句由 as, than ，引导。 A ． as...as , the same as 用于同等程度级的比较。否定句用 not so as…… as , not the same as 。 Our country is as big as the whole of Europe. 我们的国同整个欧洲一样大。 The result was not as /so good as I had expected. 结果不如我预料的那么好。 She works in the same building as my sister. 她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。 the more..., the more... 这是表示比例的比较，意思是越 …… 就越 …… 。第一个 the more 也可以看成是一个条件。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越开心。 The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them. 问题越困难，我就越可能回答。 句型： 一些常见的倍数比较句型。 Our new school is three times bigger than the old one. 我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。 Our new school is four times as big as the old ne. 我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。 Our new school is four times the size of the old one. 我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。 七：让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由 although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether （是否） , no matter (who, wha , etc), even if, even though 等词引导。 1 ． although, though 这两个词意思一样，都解释虽然，尽管。 although 比 though 正式。 1 ． although 指事实，多用于句首。多数情况下可与 though 换用。 2 ． though 既指事实，又指设想。可用于句首、句中或句末。 3 ． though 从句有时可以倒装，将从句中的一部分提置句首。 注意： although, though 不能与 but 连用，但是可以与 yet, still, nevertheless 连用。 Although /Though he blames me, yet I will trust him. 1.We had to wait half an hour ____ we had already booked a table. (2007 辽宁 ) A. since B. although C. until D. before 2.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____ they knew it to be valuable. (2007 浙江 ) A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 3. ____, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (2007 重庆 ) A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 2..even if, even though 这两个词语气比 though, although 强，解释即使，两者可以通用。 We won't be discouraged even if though we fail ten times. 我们就是失败十次也不泄气。 Even if /though you fail, you will have gained experience. 纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经验。 3.while, whereas 这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。 While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。 Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。 4.no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) 这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。 This is not true, no matter who says so. 不管谁这么说，都不对。 Do it no matter what others say. 不管别人怎么说，尽管干。 No matter how bus he was, he studied English every day. 不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。 5.however, whatever, whenever, wherever 这些词在意思上和用法上都等于 no matter how what Whatever happens may happen, we shall never lose hope. 无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。（有时从句中的动词与 may 连用） However (=No matter how) expesive it may be, I'll take it. 无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。 Don't let them in, whoever (=no matter who) they are. 不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。 6.whether...or (not) ... whether...or (not) ... 意思是不管 …… 还是 …… 。 Whether you believe it or not, it's true. 不管你信不信，这是真的。 Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as planned. 不管天气是好还是坏，他们都要按计划启程。 提示： 也可直接用 or 来连接两个相同结构来表示让步。 Walking or sleeping, she always has the question in her mind. 无论走路还是睡觉，她总是想着这个问题。 7.as 连词 as ，同 though 一样，也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。 八 : 结果状语从句 结果状语从句有 so that < 以致 >,so/such…… that 等引导。 结构 : so+ 形容词 / 副词 + that He was so brilliant that he made a lot of inventions such (a) + 形容词 + 名词 + that He painted such beautiful pictures that the visitors were lost in admiration. 注意： 1.so+ 形容词“ so+” 后还可接一个名词， 且这个名词总是带不定冠词的单数可数名词 ( 不能是复数名词或不可数名词 ) He is so clever a child that we all like him. =He is such a clever child that we all like him. 这小孩很聪明，我们都喜欢他。 注意： 2. 在 much, many, little, few 这四个词前总是用 so 而不用 such 3. 当 so 或 such 放在句首时，主句要采用倒装结构。 4. so that 引导目的从句时有时可放在主句之前，而引导结果从句时却不能： 填空： 1.He studied hard ________ he passed the exam. 2.He was _____ angry ______ he couldn’t speak. 3. There was _____a lot of rain ______ we couldn’t go out. 4. It’s______ an interesting film _____ we all want to see it. 5. He had _____many falls _____ he was black and blue all over. 6. I am going to the lecture early ______ I’ll get a good seat. so that so that such查看更多