安徽省“皖江名校”2020届高三决战高考最后一卷英语试题 Word版含解析

安徽省“皖江名校”2020届高三决战高考最后一卷英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 英语试题 本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第 二节和第四部分为非选择题。考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分。 考生注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写 在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答 案转涂到客观题答题卡上。 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后；你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What is the woman going to do? A.Having a holiday B.Asking for a sick leave C.Working in Osaka 2. What does the man want to know? A.What sports to play B.Where to do sports C.How to meet people 3.Where are the speakers? A.In a hotel B.In a restaurant C.At home - 2 - 4.When will the man go to the Great Wall? A.In spring B.In summer C.In autumn 5.Why will the man go to Edinburgh? A.To drive the woman there B.To do some sightseeing there C.To meet some important people 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。 6.Which place will the man see first? A.Central Mountain. B.Lake Park. C.Spring Square. 7.What can the man do in Spring Square? A.Enjoy folk music and dancing. B.Buy some souvenirs. C.Get a view of the city. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8.What did the speakers do last year? A.They went swimming. B.They attended a New Year's Eve party. C.They went skiing. 9.How does the woman feel in the end? A.Worried. B.Annoyed. C.Excited. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10.Why is it easy to see different rocks in the desert? A.There are very few plants. B.It is always bright and sunny. C.The winds blow the sands away. 11.What did the woman do on Friday? - 3 - A.She prepared for the exam. B.She had a history lesson. C.She went to a class activity. 12.What will the speakers probably do next Saturday? A.Visit the desert. B.Go to the mountains. C.Attend a history class. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13.What did Jenny do last night? A.She went to a concert. B.She saw a Christmas play. C.She watched a basketball game. 14.How is Anna related to Jenny? A.Jenny's classmate. B.Jenny's tutor. C.Jenny's sister. 15.What does Jenny's mother probably do for a living? A.She's a pianist. B.She's a nurse. C.She's a babysitter. 16.Why is Fred having trouble with his studies? A.He is busy with his music. B.He has to work in the orchestra. C.He has a lot of responsibilities at home. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17.What can we learn about nuclear radiation? A.Any level of it can be dangerous. B.It only kills minor cells. C.A little of it is safe. 18.Which is TRUE according to the passage? - 4 - A.All radiation is harmful. B.Radio waves can be deadly. C.Radiation won't be deadly. 19.Why is nuclear radiation mysterious? A.It causes vital health problems. B.It causes damage in a wide area. C.It cannot be felt by our senses. 20.What is the difference between common radio waves and nuclear radiation? A.The former is detectable. B.The latter is harmful. C.The latter is sensible. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 A There's so much to discover at the new Bell Museum Audubon Animated January 25-May 31 This fantastic exhibit brings to life artist John James Audubon's Birds of America. Enter “The Audubon Experience” video room and find yourself surrounded by a virtual swamp and forest where Audubon's painted birds are brought to life through motion and sound. View rare selections from the Bell's Birds of America elephant folio. Flex (活动） your creative and observational muscles in a “Draw like Audubon” hands-on sketching activity. Star Parties Monthly: January 31, February 28, March 13, April 3, May 1 Have you looked at the rings of Saturn? The moons of Jupiter? Explore the sky with the Bell! Free, informal telescope observing nights are informational and fun for the whole family. Bell staff will guide you through observations of the same - 5 - celestial (天空的） objects that have inspired sky-gazers throughout history! Space Fest February 1 and 2 Join us for our annual festival of the cosmos! We'll be celebrating the many women in space science and their contributions to the field. There will be special guest speakers, science demonstrations, special planetarium (天象馆） shows, and hands-on astronomy activities all weekend long. Bell Summer Camps Adventures for the promising scientist in your life Camps go on sale to Bell members on Saturday, February 8, for an exclusive week's pre-sale and discounts of $ 30/ camp on full-week registration. Bell camps offer kids in kindergarten-8th grade a fun and enriching environment that encourages them to explore their scientific passions as well as new subjects. Our camps include hands-on activities, planetarium visits, games, creative activities, field trips to see researchers and labs around the University's Twin Cities campus, and much more! 1. Which of the following can you do at Audubon Animated? A. Drawing birds. B. Taking field trips. C. Observing the night sky. D. Watching a science demonstration. 2. What event would you go to if you want to celebrate women in space science? A. Audubon Animated. B. Star Parties. C. Space Fest. D. Bell Summer Camps. 3. When should you buy tickets for Bell Summer Camps to save money? A. On January 25. B. On February 1. C. On February 8. D. On March 13. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 【解析】 本文是一篇广告布告短文阅读。文章介绍了新的贝尔博物馆可以去发现和参加的活动。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章 Audubon Animated 部分“Enter “The Audubon Experience” video - 6 - room and find yourself surrounded by a virtual swamp and forest where Audubon's painted birds are brought to life through motion and sound.”和“Flex （活动）your creative and observational muscles in a “Draw like Audubon” hands-on sketching activity.” 可知，在Audubon Animated 活动中可以画鸟。故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章 Space Fest 部分“We’ll be celebrating the many women in space science and their contributions to the field.(我们将庆祝许多从事太空科学的女性 及其对该领域的贡献。)”可知，如果你想庆祝女性在太空科学方面的成就，就参加 Space Fest 活动。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章 Bell Summer Camps 部分“Camps go on sale to Bell members on Saturday, February 8, for an exclusive week’s pre-sale and discounts of $30/camp on full-week registration.”可知，2 月 8 日这一天有 30 美元的折扣优惠，所以可以省钱。 故选 C。 B He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen sticking out of his tote bag. The portly man sat on the terrace, sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a glossy cruise brochure. His sunglasses masked his eyes, but I knew he wasn't looking at the brochure: he hadn't turned a page for the last ten minutes. As I brought him his clam chowder (蛤肉菜汤）, he coughed up a “thank you” and looked at me briefly. I tried not to stare at the tiny scar across his left eyebrow. I walked back inside with my empty tray, shaking my head. He looked familiar, but I couldn't quite place him.Then it hit me. The car accident. The mysterious (神 秘的） stranger who helped me out of my smashed car, just before it exploded. I rushed back to his table. He was gone. I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: I am deeply indebted to you. The night of your car accident, I was on my way to rob a jewelry store. Saving your life brought things back in perspective (观点） . I now live an honest life, - 7 - thanks to you. God bless you! Mr. D. I trembled. The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in a shady dance club. Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life. I unfolded the tip he left. Among the singles was a grand with a pen mark underlining “In God We Trust.” I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling. 4. Why did the man come to this restaurant? A. To get travel tips from the brochures. B. To have delicious clam chowder. C. To spy on the waitress. D. To say thanks. 5. What can best describe the man? A. Brave. B. Honest. C. Generous. D. Transformed. 6. What does the waitress probably want the man to know the most? A. He is grateful to her. B. He changed her perspective on life. C. She could have died in a car accident. D. She remembers who he is. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. A Happy Accident B. Two Sorrowful People C. A Mysterious Stranger D. Never Too Late to Say “Thank You” 【答案】4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。一个要去抢劫的陌生人在车祸中救了作者的命，改变了双方的生活，让作 者看到了人性的善良，重拾生活的信心。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。第五段 I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: I am deeply indebted to you. The night of your car accident, I was on my way to rob a jewelry store. Saving your life brought things back in perspective (观点） . I now live an honest life, thanks to you. God bless you! Mr. D.“我移动了他的茶托，找到了他的小 费和一张卡片:“我非常感谢你。”你车祸的那晚，我在去抢劫珠宝店的路上。拯救你的生命 - 8 - 让事情回到正确的角度。多亏了你，我现在过着诚实的生活。上帝保佑你!D 先生。”由此可 知，男士来这家餐厅是为了说“感谢”。故选 D。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段 I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: I am deeply indebted to you. The night of your car accident, I was on my way to rob a jewelry store. Saving your life brought things back in perspective (观点） . I now live an honest life, thanks to you. God bless you! Mr. D. “我移动了他的茶托，找 到了他的小费和一张卡片:“我非常感谢你。”你车祸的那晚，我在去抢劫珠宝店的路上。拯 救你的生命让事情回到正确的角度。多亏了你，我现在过着诚实的生活。上帝保佑你!D 先生。” 由此可知，对这个男士的最好描述是“摇身一变”。故选 D。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 I trembled. The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in a shady dance club. Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life.“我颤抖。我出 车祸的那个晚上，我正要去一家阴暗的舞蹈俱乐部面试。通过他英勇的举动看到了人类的善 良，这让我的生活彻底改观，也让我的生活重新充满了信心。”由此可知，女服务员最希望 男士知道“他改变了她对生活的看法。”故选 B。 【7 题详解】 标题判断题。根据文章第一、二段 He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen sticking out of his tote bag.“他看起来真的像 个游客，脖子上挂着照相机，大手提袋里露出一瓶防晒霜。”和 The portly man sat on the terrace, sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a glossy cruise brochure. His sunglasses masked his eyes, but I knew he wasn't looking at the brochure: he hadn't turned a page for the last ten minutes.“胖男人坐在露台上，喝着柠檬水，假装在看一 本光滑的邮轮手册。他的太阳镜遮住了他的眼睛，但我知道他没有在看小册子:他在过去的十 分钟里没有翻过一页。”以及第三段中 The mysterious (神秘的） stranger who helped me out of my smashed car, just before it exploded. I rushed back to his table. He was gone.“那个神秘的陌生人，在我撞坏的汽车爆炸前帮我下了车。我冲回他的桌子。他走了。” 由此推知，C 项“一个神秘的陌生人”为最佳标题。故选 C。 C - 9 - You feel especially smart and funny when talking to a particular person, only to feel hopelessly unintelligent and tongue-tied in the presence of another. Experiments show when people report feeling comfortable with a conversational partner, they are judged by those partners and by observers as actually being more witty (机智的）。 It's just one example of the powerful influence that social factors can have on intelligence. As parents, teachers and students settle into the school year, this work should encourage us to think about intelligence not as a “lump of something that's in our heads,” as the psychologist Joshua Aronson puts it, but as “a transaction among people.” Mr. Aronson, an associate professor at New York University, has been a leader in investigating the effects of social forces on academic achievement. Along with the psychologist Claude Steele, he identified the phenomenon known as “stereotype (刻板印象） threat.” Members of groups believed not to be academically good score much lower on tests when reminded in advance of their race or gender. The pair's experiments in the 1990s concluded that the performance of these students suffered because they were worried about confirming negative stereotypes about their group. Minorities aren't the only ones easily hurt by stereotype threat. We all are. A group of people especially confident about their mathematical abilities did worse on a math test when told that the experiment was intended to investigate “why Asians appear to perform better than other students on tests of math ability.” And in a study published earlier this year in the journal Learning and Individual Differences, high school students did worse on a test of spatial (空间的） skills when told that males are better at solving spatial problems because of genetic differences between males and females. The girls were anxious about confirming assumptions about their gender, while the boys were anxious about living up to them. The evolving literature on stereotype threat shows that performance is always social in nature. Even alone in an exam room, we hear a chorus of voices assessing, evaluating, passing judgment. And as social creatures, humans are strongly affected - 10 - by what these voices say. 8. What does the underlined word “transaction” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Spatial reasoning skills. B. The ability to remember information. C. Interaction between us and the environment. D. Passing on knowledge from teachers to students. 9. After being told males typically perform better than females in math, males are most likely to perform . A. better than females B. the same as females C. worse than usual D. worse than females 10. Which of the following “voices” in our head may influence performance on an exam? A. “I am as prepared as I can be.” B. “I am supposed to do well on this.” C. “The testing room is different from my classroom.” D. “I am solving the problems faster than the one sitting in front of me.” 11. How do stereotypes threaten our academic achievement? A. Making us unintelligent. B. Reminding us of our weaknesses. C. Limiting our spatial reasoning skills. D. Raising our anxiety level. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文为说明文。本文讲述了刻板印象对人们的影响。 【8 题详解】 猜测词义题。根据第一、二自然段的意思，以及第三自然段中 this work should encourage us to think about intelligence not as a“lump of something that's in our heads," as the psychologist Joshua Aronson puts it, but as“a transaction among people.”( 这项 工作应该促使我们去把智力不是作为“我们头颅里面一团什么东西”来思考，. 而是作为 “人们之间..”.来思考。)一句，可以猜测出“transaction”的意思应该是“人与所处环境 之间的相互作用相互影响”。故选 C。 - 11 - 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第 7 段 high school students did worse on a test of spatial (空间的） skills when told that males are better at solving spatial problems because of genetic differences between males and females.（因为男性和女性之间的基因差异，当高中生被 告知男性更擅长解决空间问题时，他们在空间技能测试中的表现更差，）可以知道，在男生被 告知在数学上通常比女生表现更好之后，男性很可能表现得比平时差，故选 C。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。文章讲的是 stereotype threat 对人的影响，这种影响主要体现在 stereotype 事先对人设定了 assumption，这种事先设定的 assumption 会使人产生压力和焦虑，这个 “voice”会增加自我压力和焦虑，影响应试者考试表现。因此选项 B. I am supposed to do well on this.（这场考试我应该考好）与文章所讲内容吻合。故选 B。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第 5、6、7 三个自然段中所讲的实验结论，以及文中如下句子: the performance of these students suffered because they were worried about confirming negative stereotypes about their group（这些学生的表现受到影响，因为他们担心会证 实对自己所在群体的负面刻板印象）; The girls were anxious about confirming assumptions about their gender, while the boys were anxious about living up to them （女孩们 担心确认对自己性别的假设，而男孩们则担心是否能达到这些假设）; And as social creatures, humans are strongly affected by what these voices say（作为社会生物， 人类强烈地受到这些声音的影响）可以推断出，刻板印象通过提高焦虑水平来影响我们的学 习成绩。故选 D。 【点睛】难题突破：小题 3 难度较大，要根据文章内容推断 Which of the following “voices” in our head may influence performance on an exam（以下哪一种“声音”会影响我们在 考试中的表现）?文章讲的是 stereotype threat 对人的影响，这种影响主要体现在 stereotype 事先对人设定了 assumption，这种事先设定的 assumption 会使人产生压力和焦 虑，在此语境下，我们来看这四个选项，这四个选项都是“(甚至)一个人单独在考室时(Even alone in an exam room)”大脑中出现的声音(voices), 也就是人的心理活动。A 选项“I am as prepared as I can be."的意思是“我已经尽可能好地做了准备”。这个 voice” 里不含 有 assumption 或 expectation。 B 选项“I am supposed to do well on this."的意思是: “这 场考试我应该考好”。在理解“be supposed to do”时，请不要受到汉语思维的影响，请看 - 12 - Oxford Idioms Dictionary 对它的解释“be expected or required to do sth by rules, the law, an agreement, etc”，它的含义是“在外界的期待(be expected)或要求(be required) 下应该如何”， 这个“voice”会增加自我压力和焦虑，影响应试者考试表现。因此 B 项与 文章所讲内容吻合。C 选项"The testing room is different from my classroom.的意思是:“这 个考室和我的教室不同”。这个“voice”是“我”对考室的判断，不含有别人，甚至自己对 “我”的 assumption 或 expectation,因此不符合文章所讲的内容。选项 D. I am solving the problems faster than the one sitting in front of me."的意思是:“我比坐在我前面的 考生做得快”。这个“voice”或许是“我”基于某些事实或迹象做出的判断，也不含有外界 的 assumption 或 expectation。总之，根据文章来看，一个“voice”是否“influence performance on an exam”，要看它是否有来自外界或环境的“assumption 或 expectation”, 不能脱离文章语境来判断。 D The stomach is an extremely strong organ, full of acid to break down each meal. In order to prevent this acid from burning a hole in our stomachs and damaging other organs, our stomach lining is specially adapted to contain the acid safely. H. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of Australians have H. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms. The bacteria can eventually create infection in stomach lining, a condition known as gastritis (胃炎）, by wearing away the lining and allowing stomach acid to burn away stomach tissue, causing painful ulcers (溃疡）。 Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. The cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own. This belief was first questioned in 1979 by Robin Warren, an Australian pathologist, who found bacteria on a microscope slide containing the stomach lining of a patient with gastritis. In the years that followed Warren continued his research. Warren then teamed up with Barry Marshall in 1981 and the two continued with the research, trying to separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. Over the next three years, they tested their theories with some positive results, however the idea that - 13 - bacteria could be the cause of gastritis was not widely accepted or even acknowledged. Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided to test on himself. He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers. Marshall then began to cure himself by taking a dose of antibiotics (抗生素）. This once and for all proved not only that bacteria could grow in stomach acid, but it could also cause gastritis and stomach ulcers. Eventually, the world fully acknowledged Warren and Marshall's huge contribution to science and medicine and the two were awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine in 2005. Twenty-six years after Robin Warren first began his research. 12. Why did the academics initially refuse to accept that H. pylori caused gastritis? A. Lifestyle choices caused stomach ulcers. B. Stomach acid could break through the lining on its own. C. They thought that bacteria couldn't survive in the stomach. D. The Australian pathologist Robin Warren provided no evidence. 13. How did Barry Marshall prove that H. pylori caused gastritis? A. Choosing unhealthy lifestyles. B. Introducing H. pylori to his own stomach. C. Finding the bacteria on stomach lining. D. Growing H. pylori in the lab. 14. What can we infer from the text? A. Scientific progress takes time. B. Science guides medical practices. C. Warren is not a productive scientist. D. Only Marshall deserves the prize. 15. The text is most likely written to . A. Chemists B. Patients C. Researchers D. The general public 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的 Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid.(直到 20 世纪 80 年代，人们一直认为细菌在胃酸中无法生存。) - 14 - 可知，学者们最初拒绝接受幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎是因为他们认为细菌在胃酸里无法生存。故 选 C。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided to test on himself.He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers.和下文内容可知，受够了被 忽视和对他的发现充满信心，巴里·马歇尔决定亲自进行测试，他感染了幽门螺杆菌，很快 就发展成胃炎和可怕的胃溃疡。因此可知，巴里·马歇尔让幽门螺杆菌进入了自己的胃，最 后患了胃炎和胃溃疡，来证明幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎。故选 B。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，最终，世界完全承认沃伦和马歇尔对科学和医 学的巨大贡献，两人于 2005 年被授予诺贝尔医学奖。罗宾首次开始他的研究后 26 年。因此 推断科学发展需要时间。故选 A。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。文章介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论,是一篇科普文章。 科普文章的受众是 the general public(普通大众)，故选 D。 【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得 到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是 某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某 一 句 话 或 某 几 句 话 所 作 的 同 义 改 写 或 综 合 。 推 理 判 断 题 的 题 干 中 通 常 含 infer, suggest, imply, conclude, indicate 等标志性词语。这种题型主要包括细节判 断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。推理判断题。 文章介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论,是一篇科普文章。科普文章的受 众是 the general public(普通大众)，故选 D。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One thing that most of us probably can agree on: just about every parent thinks that his or her kid is special. ___16___. Good intentions, however, do not often lead to good outcomes: people who particularly dislike their name-and also if other people think it's an odd (怪异的） and unlikeable name-tend not to be as well-adjusted. - 15 - ___17___, maybe even something fairly significant, about your parents' religious or ethnic (种族的） background, their level of income or education, maybe even their politics. From what we can tell, your name is not your destiny (命运）. The story goes that two brothers in New York were named Loser and Winner by their parents. Loser turned out to have a great life as an upstanding citizen. He was a police detective. ___18___ . Just think about it for a minute. ___19___ -your intelligence, your taste, your health, your work morals and decision-making-to say nothing of luck. Now, considering all of those heavyweight forces, how much could something as surface as a name really affect your life's outcome? ___20___ , it isn't that hard to change it. A. Your life is determined by yourself B. And Winner had been a career criminal C. A name contains a rich set of information D. Think about all the things that make you E. It is true that your name may tell the world something F. Plus which: if you really think your name is holding you back G. And part of what makes each of our kids special is the names we give them 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. F 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。很多人的名字包含了美好的的寓意，但是名字并不能决定一个人的的命运。 【16 题详解】 前一句提到“我们大多数人可能都会同意一件事：差不多每个父母都认为他或她的孩子是特 别的”，G 项“让每个孩子与众不同的部分原因是我们给他们取的名字”承接上文，解释上一 句中父母觉得孩子与众不同的原因，G 项中“special”与上一句中的“special”呼应。故选 G 项。 【17 题详解】 空后一句“甚至是一些相当重要的事情，关于你父母的宗教或种族背景，他们的收入或教育 水平，甚至可能是他们的政治立场”是举例说明名字中传达的信息，所以 E 项“的确，你的 名字可能向世界表明一些事情”切题，且 E 项中“something”与空后一句中的“something” - 16 - 呼应，故选 E 项。 【18 题详解】 上文提出观点“your name is not your destiny(你的名字不是你的命运)”，接下来举了分 别名为“Loser”和“Winner”的例子，空前一句提到“Loser 结果作为一个正直的公民过着 很好的生活。他是一个警察侦探”，由此推知空处应是说 Winner 的命运，所以 B 项“Winner 成为一个职业罪犯”切题，与上文 Loser 的命运形成对比，印证上文的观点。故选 B 项。 【19 题详解】 空前提到“花一分钟的时间想想它”，D 项中“Think about”与空前一句“think about”呼 应，D 项“想想是什么构成了现在的你”承接上句，且下一句“——你的智力，你的品位，你 的健康，你的工作道德和决断能力——与运气无关”是思考的具体内容，D 项中“all the things”与下一句中“your intelligence, your taste, your health, your work morals and decision-making”呼应，上下句衔接自然。故选 D 项。 【20 题详解】 空前“现在考虑一下这些重要的影响力量，像一个名字一样浅显的事情能真的对你的生活结 果有多少影响呢？”是用用问句的形式表达观点“名字不会决定命运”，再由空后“改变它 并不是那么难”可推知，空处内容应是与上文观点相反，F 项“另外：如果你真的认为是名字 阻碍你”切题。故选 F 项。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节 (共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 My mom is an environmentalist. We've always composted (制堆肥） and she's always had some sort of garden. She also never threw anything away because she could see the second ___21___ in it. I grew into a ___22___ lifestyle. And I started ___23___ my carbon footprint and consumption. I decided to ___24___ my car for one month in May of 2017. If I needed a car, I was going to borrow someone's to prove that I had the community to ___25___ this decision. I only ended up ___26___ a car once, and I realized it didn't make sense to own a car, ___27___ it and pay for gas. So in September, I fully ___28___ and sold - 17 - my car. I also fly a lot for work, and on my ___29___ from the travel agency, it will include how many tons of ___30___ you're emitting (排放） from just your single ___31___, which is like a punch in the gut. As a result, it has become a ___32___ for me to offset (抵消） my carbon emissions. I ___33___ my carbon emissions, and go onto carbon footprint. com and purchase an offset in the ___34___ of a donation. If we're going to ___35___ the environment this much, we have to be doing something that's going to offset the carbon ___36___ until there's a carbon tax, which I truly hope is ___37___ we will go next. It’s also really important to talk about what we could see the ___38___ as, because it gets so dark so fast when people talk about ___39___ change. I don't know what the ___40___ is of me not having a car, but I hope it's something positive that I can't necessarily see. 21. A. Time B. life C. hand D. way 22. A. different B. healthy C. modern D. similar 23. A. Assessing B. suspecting C. obtaining D. ignoring 24. A. blow up B. speed up C. give up D. break up 25. A. oppose B. support C. announce D. approve 26. A. borrowing B. possessing C. purchasing D. renting 27. A. repair B. wash C. park D. finance 28. A. understood B. quit C. recovered D. agreed 29. A. list B. poster C. trip D. ticket 30. A. smell B. heat C. carbon D. sweat 31. A. seat B. plane C. car D. garden 32. A. pain B. habit C. burden D. reward 33. A. increase B. reduce C. control D. calculate 34. A. form B. name C. course D. middle 35. A. provide B. create C. pollute D. preserve 36. A. in vain B. in return C. in force D. in - 18 - advance 37. A. when B. why C. how D. where 38. A. future B. globe C. environment D. tax 39. A. cultural B. economic C. climate D. population 40. A. intention B. motivation C. drawback D. effect 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. D 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文，主要陈述自己受母亲影响减少碳排放的举措。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她也从不扔掉任何东西，因为她能在这些东西身上看到第二次生 命。A. Time 时间；B. life 生命； C. hand 手； D. way 道路。作者母亲不扔任何东西， 因为他们都可以旧物利用，她在他们身上能看到第二次生命。故选 B 项。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也养成了类似的生活方式。A. different 不同的；B. healthy 健康的； C. modern 现代的； D. similar 相似的。作者受母亲的影响，也养成了类似的生 活方式。故选 D 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始评估我的碳足迹和消耗。A. Assessing 评估；B. suspecting 怀疑；C. obtaining 获得；D. ignoring 忽视。前面提到作者受母亲影响，也养成了环保的 生活习惯，对自己的碳足迹进行估算。故选 A 项。 【24 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：2017 年 5 月，我决定放弃开车一个月。A. blow up 爆炸，放大； B. speed up 加速；C. give up 放弃； D. break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落。这是 作者具体的减少碳排放的举措，放弃开车。故选 C 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我需要一辆车，我会借别人的，以证明我有社区支持我的决 - 19 - 定。A. oppose 反对； B. support 支持； C. announce 宣布； D. approve 赞同。作者如果 需要车，可以向他人借到，以此证明社区有人支持（认同）他的做法。故选 B 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终我只借过一次车，然后我意识到拥有一辆车，把它打理好然 后付油钱是没有意义的。A. borrowing3 借； B. possessing 拥有；C.purchasing 购买；D. renting 租借。结合上文，作者是向他人借车，故选 A 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终我只借过一次车，然后我意识到拥有一辆车，把它打理好然 后付油钱是没有意义的。A. repair 修理； B. wash 清理；C. park 停车；D. finance 负担 经费。结合句意，自己有车的话就要加油，承担油费。故选 D 项。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以在 9 月份，我彻底放弃（车）并卖掉了我的车。A. understood 理解； B. quit 放弃； C. recovered 恢复； D. agreed 同意。结合上文，作者觉得有车没 意义，所以选择卖车，即放弃车。故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也经常因工作原因坐飞机，在我通过旅行社购买的机票上含有 我仅仅一个座位要排放的碳（的量），这就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A. list 列表，清单； B. poster 海报； C. trip 旅行； D. ticket 票。作者经常坐飞机，所以让旅行机构帮忙买 机票。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也经常因工作原因坐飞机，在我通过旅行社购买的机票上含有 我仅仅一个座位要排放的碳（的量），这就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A. smell 味道； B. heat 热； C. carbon 碳； D. sweat 汗水。结合上下文，这里是指购买一次机票乘坐一次飞机， 作者所产生的碳排放。 故选 C 项。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也经常因工作原因坐飞机，在我通过旅行社购买的机票上含有 我仅仅一个座位要排放的碳（的量），这就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A. seat 座位； B. plane 飞机； C. car 汽车； D. garden 花园。这里指的是作者乘坐飞机仅仅一个座位所包含的碳 排放。故选 A 项。 【32 题详解】 - 20 - 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，抵消我的碳排放已经成为我的一种习惯。A. pain 痛苦； B. habit 习惯； C. burden 负担； D. reward 奖赏。作者致力于减少自己的碳排放，所以为自 己造成的碳排放进行抵消成了一种习惯。故选 B 项。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我计算了我的碳排放量，并且登录 carbon footprint.com 网，并 以捐赠的形式购买应弥补的份额。A. increase 增加； B. reduce 减少； C. control 控 制； D. calculate 计算。作者要抵消自己的碳排放，所以先计算自己所产生的碳排放的量， 进而上网以捐赠的形式购买应抵消的份额。故选 D 项。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我计算了我的碳排放量，并且登录 carbon footprint.com 网，并 以捐赠的形式购买应弥补的份额。A. form 形式；B. name 名义；C. course 课程；D. middle 中间。作者上网以捐赠的形式购买应抵消的份额。故选 A 项。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要如此严重地污染环境，我们就必须采取措施来抵消碳 排放，直到征收碳税，我真心希望这是我们下一步要做的。A. provide 提供； B. create 创 造； C. pollute 污染； D. preserve 保存。结合上文作者的行为，都是因为人类对环境的 污染太严重。所以如果污染严重，就必须采取措施。故选 C 项。 【36 题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果我们要如此严重地污染环境，我们就必须采取措施来抵消碳 排放，直到征收碳税，我真心希望这是我们下一步要做的。A. in vain 徒劳； B. in return 作为回报；C. in force 有效地；D. in advance 提前。污染了坏境，就要采取相应的措施来 弥补。故选 B 项。 【37 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要如此严重地污染环境，我们就必须采取措施来抵消碳 排放，直到征收碳税，我真心希望这是我们下一步要做的。A. when 什么时候； B. why 为什 么；C. how 怎样；D. where 哪里。这里是表语从句，结合句意，征收碳税是作者真心希望我 们下一步去的地方（将会做的事）。故选 D 项。 【38 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：谈论我们对未来的看法也很重要，因为当人们谈论气候变化时， 天色很快就暗了下来。A. future 未来； B. globe 全球； C. environment 环境； D. tax - 21 - 税。现在大家保护环境的种种举措，是为了未来不受这种困扰。所以，要多谈谈未来，要有 长远目光。故选 A 项。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：谈论我们对未来的看法也很重要，因为当人们谈论气候变化时， 天色很快就暗了下来。言外之意是，我们不要装不知道，装鸵鸟。A. cultural 文化的； B. economic 经济的； C. climate 气候； D. population 人口。结合上下文，本文主要讲的是 减排方面的问题，这个主要跟气候变化有很大的关系。故选 C 项。 【40 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道没有车会给我带来什么影响，但我希望是一些我看不到 的积极的东西。 A. intention 意图； B. motivation 动力；C. drawback 缺点； D. effect 影响。这句与上文呼应，作者上文提到自己减排的措施之一就是放弃车，这里说我不知道没 车对我会有什么影响。故选 D 项。 【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要 遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第 4 小题要求判断作者对车采取什么行动。该 题可根据上一段的首句 I grew into a similar lifestyle.可知,作者养成了（跟同为环保人 士的母亲）一样的生活方式，所以这里对车采取的行动是放弃车，减少碳排放。故选 C 项。 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Generally we know a little about the western people and their ways of life. When the difference is ___41___(wide) than our expectation, it becomes a cultural shock. Cultural ___42___ (shock) may come in different ways. Once my friend, ____43____ businessman, after concluding a business with his suppliers in Hangzhou, ___44___ (whisper)to me, “Do we have to dine (进餐) together with them? ”I knew he was not sure of our dinner culture and reassured (使安心) him, “Yes, if you wish, ___45___ not necessary.” He did choose to dine with the suppliers but I don't think he enjoyed it. Hard as I tried ___46___ (focus) the dialogue on my friend, the suppliers always talked to me, ___47___ (leave) my friend seated there listening to a(n) ____48____ (relevant) conversation. People who are familiar ___49___ Chinese ways know Chinese people drink hot water, and always remind their friends not to drink _____50_____ (direct)when they receive - 22 - a cup of water. I, too, don't take any chance, either ask my clients whether they need chilled water or normal or remind them the water might be hot. China is an open country now and the cultural exchange has been quite frequent over the last 30 years. Such cultural shocks are less and less shocking. 【答案】41. wider 42. shocks 43. a 44. whispered 45. but 46. to focus 47. leaving 48. irrelevant 49. with 50. directly 【解析】 本文是说明文。作者通过亲身经历，说明了交往中的文化冲击现象及表现形式。随着中国的 发展，文化冲击的影响越来越小。 【41 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当差异超出我们的预期时，它就变成了文化冲击。根据 than our expectation 可知用比较级，故填 wider。 【42 题详解】 考查名词复数。根据上文 a cultural shock 可知 shock 是可数名词，此处表示泛指文化冲击， 用复数形式，故填 shocks。 【43 题详解】 考查冠词。根据 my friend 可知指的是一个人，表示我的朋友是一名商人，businessman 开头 是辅音因素，故填 a。 【44 题详解】 考查动词时态。此处讲述过去发生的事，与下文所给动词 knew 和 reassured 一致也用一般过 去时，故填 whispered。 【45 题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果你愿意的话，可以，但不是必须的。Yes 和是 not necessary 是转折关 系，故填 but。 【46 题详解】 - 23 - 考查动词不定式。此处表示“努力做某事”是 try to do sth.后加不定式，故填 to focus。 【47 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句中已有谓语动词，此处应该用非谓语动词。句中主语 和动词 leave 是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填 leaving。 【48 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管我努力把对话的重点放在我的朋友身上，但供应商总是跟我说话， 让我的朋友坐在那里听着不相干的对话。根据句意可知供应商总是跟我说话，让我的朋友坐 在那里听，所以这些谈话和朋友是不相干的，故填 relevant 的反义词 irrelevant。 【49 题详解】 考查介词。此处主语是人，表示“熟悉……”是 be familiar with…，为固定短语。故填 with。 【50 题详解】 考查副词。此处表示“直接喝”，修饰动词 drink，用副词，故填 directly。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 Nowadays my schoolwork becomes much heavier than ever before, thus force me to stay up deep into the night. I seldom do sports. For this reason I often felt sleep in class. Bad health caused my poor memory. Things have been changed after I followed my teacher's advices. I get up earlier to do morning exercises. During the 10 minutes break I go out the classroom to relax my brain and muscles. At five o'clock in the afternoon I often go to the playground to have sports. All this makes myself fresh and full of energy. It is sports that improves my health. I have made a rapid progress in my studies. 【 答 案 】 - 24 - 【解析】 【分析】 本文为记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者由于学习压力经常熬夜，导致自己学习效率低下。在老 师的建议下，作者早起锻炼身体，课间放松，下午去操场做运动等使自己充满精力，成绩也 有了改善。 【详解】第一处：考查非谓语动词。分析此句句子结构可知本句的谓语为 becomes ，而后面 也没有出现连词，因此，force 不能用原形，而这部分表示造成的结果，所以用非谓语做结果 状语。学业压力大，迫使我晚上熬夜，这是顺其自然的结果，且表示主动关系，所以用现在 分词，故 force 要改为 forcing。 第二处：考查时态。根据语境可知本文讲的是作者运动前后的变化，所以，不做运动时过去， 因此应该用过去时，所以 do 要改为 did。 第三处：考查形容词。因为熬夜的原因，我上课经常昏昏欲睡。feel 为系动词，后面用形容 词做表语。sleep 是动词，所以 sleep 要改为 sleepy。 第四处：考查连词。分析本句可知表示自从听从了老师的建议之后，情况发生了改变。所以 after 要改为 since。 - 25 - 第五处：考查名词的可数与不可数。advice 为不可数名词，所以不能变复数，因此 advices 要改为 advice。 第六处：考查名词所有格。根据语境，在 10 分钟的课间休息时，“10 分钟的”要用所有格， 所以 minutes 要改为 minutes’. 第七处：考查介词。“走出教室”应该用 go out of ，不加 of 没法加宾语 the classroom， 所以要在 out 后加 of. 第八处：考查代词。根据语境这些使得我浑身充满活力。主语是做的所有的体育锻炼，宾语 是我，不是同一概念，所以不能用反身代词，而应该用代词的宾格，所以 myself 要改为 me。 第九处：考查主谓一致。运动改变了我的健康。此句为强调句，强调的是句子的主语 sports， 它是复数所以谓语 improve 不能用第三人称单数，所以 improves 要改为 improve。 第十处：考查冠词。progress 不可数，所以前面不能加 a，因此要去掉 a。 【点睛】强调句型中的主谓一致要特别注意。强调句型是 it is/ was +被强调部分+that/ who +其余部分。当被强调部分为句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据被强调部分来判断。如 It is sports that improves my health.中强调的是 sports，是句子的主语，所以 improve 要用复数，不能用第三人称单数。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Leslie 写邮件向你了解中医药，并询问中医药在中国治疗 新冠肺炎中的作用。请你回复邮件。内容包括： 1.简介中医药；2.抗疫作用；3.祝愿。 参考词汇：新冠肺炎 COVID-19；针灸 acupuncture；大流行病 pandemic 注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【答案】Hi Leslie, Thank you for writing to me! Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been around for thousands of years, and doctors use various practices together with herbal medicine to address health problems. For instance, acupuncture can be used to treat pain and improve overall wellness by inserting thin needles into our body. If you want to know more, there is more information available online. In the most recent battle against COVID-19, TCM has proved its effectiveness in boosting people's immune system, relieving disease symptoms and preventing mild - 26 - symptoms from getting worse. Overall, it helped to reduce death rate and improved patients' chances of recovery. Best wishes to your family and take care of yourself in the pandemic! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇应用文。要求以李华的名义，给朋友 Leslie 写一封关于中医药以及针灸在治疗新冠 病毒期间的作用。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；假设你是 Li Hua，你要给朋友 Leslie 回复一封邮件，内容包括对中医药的简介、针灸疗法在治疗新冠病毒期间的作用，以及对 Leslie 的祝愿。题目要点明确，利于学生进行表达。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：herbal medicine（中药），For instance（例 如；举例来说），effectiveness（效果；有效性），immune system（免疫系统），disease symptoms （疾病症状）等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）连词成句，需注意这是一封与朋友之间的电子邮件，可使 用较为口语的语气。本篇电子邮件主要为介绍中医药的内容，以及针灸的作用，因此时态使 用一般现在时即可。 第 4 步：连句成文，可使用连词对文章进行润色，如 For instance（例如；举例来说），Overall （总而言之）等高频词，全篇书写要清晰、规范、不得有涂改、书写错误等。 【点睛】整篇文章要点明确，分段合理，字数适当，文章开篇点题，在介绍了中医药的简单 情况后，使用了 for instance 具体阐述了针灸的作用。第二段则是描写了中医药在抗疫期间 所发挥的作用，如可以增强人的免疫力，减缓病情，等。第三段则是表达了作者对朋友在疫 情期间希望他保重身体的美好祝愿。综上所述，本文题目中提到的所有信息点，并使用了简 洁明了的语言进行阐述，是一篇比较标准的应试作文。 - 27 -