2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1学案设计（40页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1学案设计（40页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1学案设计 话题素材——人物传记 好词 ‎1.diligent adj. 勤奋的 ‎2.distinguished adj. 杰出的；著名的 ‎3.personality n. 个性；品格 ‎4.activeadj. 积极的；活跃的 ‎5.educatedadj. 受过教育的；有教养的 ‎6.have_a_gift_for 有……天赋 ‎7.devote oneself to 投身于 ‎8.be interested in 对……感兴趣 ‎9.be_honored_as... 被誉为……‎ ‎10.with great determination and perseverance 凭着极大的决心和毅力 ‎11.make a great contribution to 对……作出巨大贡献 ‎12.be enthusiastic about 对……热心 ‎13.achieve/realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 ‎14.set sb. a good example 给某人树立好榜样 ‎15.go abroad for further studies 出国深造 佳句 ‎1.Famous_as_she_is,_she cares little for money and fame.‎ 虽然她很有名，但她却不计名利。‎ ‎2.Completely devoted_to_the_people,_he gave his life in saving his patients.‎ 他忠于人民，把毕生精力都用于挽救患者的生命。‎ ‎3.In_a_word,_Madame Curie is_regarded_as one of the greatest scientists, who is also the first scientist in the world to_win_two_Nobel_Prizes.‎ 总之，居里夫人被认为是最伟大的科学家之一，也是世界上首位获得两次诺贝尔奖的科学家。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Born into a rich family in Shanghai， Song Qingling not only got a good education but also went to study in the USA. In 1915， she married Dr Sun Yat－sen， who had a great influence on China.‎ Later， she was made an honorary president of the People's Republic of China. Being kind-hearted and easy-going for her whole life，she devoted herself to the welfare of women and children in later years.She started the China Welfare Institute， which is intended to serve women and children now. What'smore， she also led the Women's Federation and worked hard for civil rights， democracy and peace. Having made great contributions to the welfare of women and children in China， she is highly thought of by the world.‎ In a word， she is such a great woman that I think we all should learn from her.‎ 高频单词 ‎1．respect (vt.&n.) 尊敬；尊重；敬意 ‎2．support (n.&vt.) 支持；拥护→supporter (n.) 支持者；拥护者→supporting (adj.) 次要的；配角 的；支撑的 ‎3．campaign (n.) 运动；战役 (vi.) 作战；参加运动 ‎4．shade (n.) 荫；阴凉处 (vt.) 遮住光线→(形近词) shadow (n.) 阴影；影子 ‎5．emergency (n.) 突发事件；紧急情况 emergent (adj.)紧急的 ‎6．outspoken (adj.) 直言的；坦诚的 ‎7．childhood (n.) 童年；幼年时代 ‎8．worthwhile (adj.) 值得的；值得做的→worth (adj.) 值；值得的 (n.)价值→worthy (adj.) 值得的；值得尊敬的 ‎9．crowd (n.) 人群；观众(vt.)挤满；使拥挤→crowded (adj.) 拥挤的 ‎10．behave (v.) 举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour (n.) 行为；举止；习性 ‎11．observe (vt.) 观察；观测；遵守→observation (n.) 观察；观测 ‎12．argue (v.) 讨论；辩论；争论→argument (n.) 争论；争辩；争吵 ‎13．intend (vt.) 计划；打算→intention (n.) 打算；目的；意图 ‎14．refer (vt.&vi.) 谈到；参考；查阅→reference (n.) 提及；涉及；参考；查阅→referred (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎15．organization (n.) 组织；机构；团体→organize (vt.)组织 ‎16．connection (n.) 连接；关系→connect (vt.) 联系→connected (adj.) 有联系的 ‎17．achievement (n.) 成就；功绩→achieve (vt.) 取得；实现 ‎18．entertainment (n.) 款待；娱乐→entertain (vt. &vi.) 使愉快；款待→entertained (adj.) 愉快的；高兴的→entertaining (adj.) 令人愉快的 ‎19．inspire (vt.) 鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired (adj.) 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiring (adj.) 鼓舞人心的→inspiration (n.) 鼓舞；灵感 ‎20．considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的→consider (v.) 考虑；认为→consideration (n.) 考虑；体谅→considering (prep.) 考虑到 ‎21．deliver (vt.) 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery (n.) 投递；交货；分娩 重点短语 ‎1．fight_for 为……而战 ‎2．crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 ‎3．look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 ‎4．refer_to 查阅；参考；谈到 ‎5．come_across (偶然)遇见；碰见 ‎6．move_off 离开；起程；出发 ‎7．lead_a．..life 过着……的生活 ‎8．by_chance 碰巧；凑巧 ‎9．catch_one's_eye 引人注目 ‎10．carry_on 继续；坚持 ‎11．devote_oneself_to 献身于；专心于 ‎12．work_out 解决；锻炼身体；结果是 热点句型 ‎1．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_begin_her_project (使她得以开始自己的计划). (教材 P2)‎ ‎2．once 引导的条件状语从句；现在分词短语作伴随状语 Once_I_stop (一旦我停下来), it all comes crowding_in (涌上心头) and I remember the chimps in laboratories. (教材 P2)‎ ‎3．it 作形式主语的主语从句 Suddenly it_hit_me (我忽然想起) how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (教材 P6)‎ ‎4．It is/was... that/who... 强调句 Further reading made me realize that it_was_hard_work_and_‎ determination_as_well_as_her_gentle_nature_that (是苦干、决心和善良的天性) got her into medical school. (教材 P6)‎ ‎5．形容词短语作状语 There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired_after_a_day's_work (在劳累一天之后), went lateat night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. (教材 P6)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．This means ________ (go) back to the place where we left the family ________ (sleep) in a tree the night before.‎ 答案：going; sleeping ‎2．One important thing she discovered was ________ chimps hunt and eat meat.‎ 答案：that ‎3．She spent years ________ (observe) and recording their daily activities.‎ 答案：observing ‎4．She had helped to set up special places ________ they can live safely.‎ 答案：where ‎5．________(follow) Jane's way of studying chimps, our group ________ (be) all going to visit them in the forest.‎ 答案：Following; are ‎6．________(watch) a family of chimps wake up ________ (be) our first activity of the day.‎ 答案：Watching; is ‎7．By chance I came ________ an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, ________ specialist in women's diseases.‎ 答案：across; a ‎8．Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the tree ________ the family began to wake up and move off.‎ 答案：while ‎9．I realized that the text ________ (intend) for women in the countryside.‎ 答案：was intended ‎10．It was a small book ________ (explain) how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.‎ 答案：explaining ‎1 behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现 Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. (P2)‎ 简研究这些黑猩猩已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解它们的行为跟人类的是多么地相似。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 ‎(2)well-behaved 表现好的 badly-behaved 表现差的 ‎(3)behaviour/behaviorn. 举止；行为 mind one's behaviour 注意某人的举止 语境助记 ‎①The child behaved_well_to/towards other guests at the party.‎ 那个孩子在聚会上对其他客人非常礼貌。‎ ‎②If parents do not teach their child how to behave_himself,_he will do anything at will.‎ 如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩，他做任何事情会我行我素。‎ ‎③I think all of us should mind_our_behavior in public places.‎ 我认为我们大家都应该注意我们在公共场所的行为举止。‎ ‎2 observe vt.观测；观察；遵守；庆祝 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)‎ 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程)‎ observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事 observe that ... 观察……‎ ‎(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节 ‎(3)observationn. 观察；观察力；观测 under observation 在监视下 名师点睛 在被动语态中，observe 后充当补足语的不带 to 的动词不定式中的 to 要还原出来，即 sb./sth. isobserved to do sth.。如：He observed someone open the door.→Someone is observed to open the door.他注 意到有人打开了门。‎ 语境助记 ‎①His neighbour observed a stranger go into his house.‎ 他的邻居注意到一个陌生人进了他的房子。‎ ‎②[2016·江苏高考]Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.‎ 因此，应该制定规则并且严格遵守。‎ ‎③Tom was observed stealing_something from the shop.‎ 汤姆被人看到正从商店里偷东西。‎ ‎④Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.‎ 尽管在国外生活了多年，很多中国人仍然遵守传统的风俗习惯。‎ ‎⑤His order was to keep the men under_observation.‎ 他下的命令是监视这些人。‎ observe 巧学助记 各种“看”之口诀 看场电影用 see，读书、看报用 read；电视、戏剧和比赛，凡是表演用 watch; observe 细观察，一时注意 notice。‎ ‎3 respect vt.尊敬，尊重 n．敬意；方面 For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. (P2)‎ ‎40 年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)respect sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而尊重某人 ‎(2)show/have respect for... 尊重……‎ give/send one's respect to sb. 问候某人 out of respect for sb. 出于对某人的尊敬 ‎(3)in respect of＝with respect to 就……而言；关于；至于 in the respect/in some respects 在这方面/在某些方面 ‎(4)respectableadj. 可敬的；值得尊敬的；体面的 respectfuladj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的 respectiveadj. 各自的；分别的 语境助记 ‎①Respect_yourself,_or no one else will respect you.‎ ‎[谚]君须自敬，人乃敬之。‎ ‎②Students should show_respect_for their teachers.‎ 学生要尊敬老师。‎ ‎③Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out_of_respect for farmers' labor.‎ 中国的孩子在很小的时候就受到不能浪费每一粒粮食的教育，这是出于对农民劳动的尊重。‎ ‎④[2016·全国卷 Ⅱ]It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with_respect_to the natural world and how you approach the gardening ‎ process.‎ ‎(建造自己的理想花园前)首先你要正视自己，了解对于自然界而言自己的角色以及照料花园的方法。‎ ‎4 argue vi.& vt.讨论；辩论；争论 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)‎ 她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)argue for... 为……而争论；为……而辩护 argue against 争辩(反对……)‎ argue with sb. on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事 argue sb. into/out_of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 认为/主张……‎ ‎(2)argumentn．争论；争辩；论点 beyond argument 无可辩解 语境助记 ‎①As far as I know, they argue for the right to vote.‎ 据我所知，他们据理力争选举权。‎ ‎②I_argue_that every one of us should try our best to help those in need.‎ 我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助需要帮助的人。‎ ‎③It's no use arguing_about_the_question_with_him for he won't change ‎ his opinion.‎ 关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变自己的观点的。‎ ‎④We tried many ways to argue_him_into_accepting our advice, but in vain.‎ 我们想了许多方法去说服他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳的。‎ ‎⑤[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing_with him or her.‎ 然而，当一个权威人士发布指令时，墨西哥人可能会沉默而不是与他或她粗鲁地争吵。‎ ‎⑥We had an_argument_with the waiter over the bill.‎ 我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。‎ ‎5 intend vt.计划；打算 I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. (P6)‎ 我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)intend to_do sth./doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to_do sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth.＝intended to have_done sth. 过去本打算做某事 ‎(2)be intended to_do sth. 准备做某事 be intended for 专为……而设计；专供……用 ‎(3)intend that...(should) do sth. 打算……‎ ‎(4)intentionn．打算；意图；目的 with the intention of 抱有……的目的 语境助记 ‎①[2016·北京高考]The story intends_to_tell us that little people can make a big difference.‎ 这个故事旨在告诉我们(危难来临时)小人物有时可能也会有大作为。‎ ‎②They had_intended_to_go to the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams.‎ 他们本来打算那天到乡下去，但听说交通拥挤就推迟了。‎ ‎③I didn't think she intended_me_to_hear the remark.‎ 我觉得她并不想让我听见那话。‎ ‎④[2016·浙江高考]APhysician'sManual is most likely intended_for doctors.‎ ‎《医生指南》这本书最有可能是针对医生所写的。‎ ‎⑤This programme was set up with_the_intention_of providing help to homeless people.‎ 设立这个项目是为了帮助无家可归者。‎ ‎⑥[2016·天津高考]She had a firm_intention within herself to be the best she could be.‎ 她内心有一个坚定的信念，那就是成为最好的自我。‎ ‎6 deliver vt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)‎ There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.(P6)‎ 数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些 家庭常常不能给她报酬的。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)deliver sth. to sb.投递/传送某物给某人 deliver a speech 发表演说 be delivered of a baby＝give birth to a baby 生孩子 deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把某人/某物移交给某人 ‎(2)deliveryn. 投递；送货；分娩，生孩子 express delivery 快递 名师点睛 deliver 后不接双宾语，即不能说 deliver sb. sth.，只能说 deliver sth. to sb.。‎ 语境助记 ① ‎[2016·天津高考]His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.‎ 他的父母总是让他给花园锄草、将生活垃圾携带出去和分发报纸。‎ ‎②If you decide to deliver_a_speech,_please make it brief.‎ 如果你要发表演讲，请讲简短一点。‎ ‎③It was lucky that she was_delivered_of a healthy baby.‎ 幸运的是，她生下了一个健康的婴儿。‎ ‎④When the sale is complete, you must deliver_the_house_over to the new owner.‎ 买卖成交后，你必须把房子移交给新主人。‎ ‎⑤[牛津高阶]Please pay for goods on delivery.‎ 请货到付款。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1．Having a large family ________ (support), he took up two part－time jobs in his spare time.‎ 答案：to support 考查动词不定式。句意：因为有一大家子要养活，所以他业余时间打了两份工。‎ ‎2．The international agreement, ________ (intend) to encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27.‎ 答案：intended 考查分词作定语。根据“be intended to do”可知，此处填过去分词，省略了 which was。‎ ‎3．Police have so far failed to establish a ________ (connect) between the two murders.‎ 答案：connection 考查词性转换。由空前的 a 可知，此处应填名词。‎ ‎4．Last night Bruce was observed ________ (leave) the building with two ‎ young men and take a taxi away.‎ 答案：to leave 考查 observe sb. do sth.结构的被动形式。该结构变成被动形式后，需要把被省去的 to 还原。‎ ‎5．Trust is a learned ________ (behave) that we gain from past experiences.‎ 答案：behavior/behaviour 考查词性转换。根据空前的 a learned 可知，此处应填名词，两种拼写方式均正确。‎ ‎6．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________ (entertain)．‎ 答案：entertainment 考查词性转换。由 of 可知此处应填名词形式。句意：电脑已经取代电视成了最受我们欢迎的娱乐形式。‎ ‎7．He has decided to get a book at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________ (buy) it.‎ 答案：to buy 考查 It is worthwhile to do sth.“值得做某事”，这一句式结构。‎ ‎8．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________ (achieve) for one so young.‎ 答案：achievement 考查词性转换。由前面的 a remarkable 可知，此处应填名词。‎ ‎9．Do you want to get this book ________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?‎ 答案：delivered 考查分词作宾补的用法。即“get＋宾语＋宾补”，this book 与 deliver 之间为被动关系，故填 delivered。‎ ‎10．It was ________ (consider) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.‎ 答案：considerate 考查词性转换。considerate 形容词，意为“考虑周到的”。‎ ‎1 look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 Many people look down upon poor people.(P4)‎ 许多人瞧不起穷人。‎ 归纳拓展 look up to 尊敬；仰视 look forward to 盼望；期待 look into 调查；观察；窥视 look up 抬头看；查阅 look on/upon...as... 把……看作……‎ look out (for...) 注意；留意；留神(……)‎ look through 浏览；仔细查看 语境助记 ‎①Do not look_down_upon him! I am sure he is a diamond in the rough.‎ 别小看他！我坚信他是一个外粗内秀的人。‎ ‎②The police have received the complaint, and they are looking_into it.‎ 警方已经收到投诉函件，他们正在进行调查。‎ ‎③[2016·浙江高考]Looking_back,_I honestly don't know how she did it.‎ 再回首，我真的不知道她是怎样做这件事的。‎ ‎④[2016·江苏高考]Once I look_up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.‎ 一旦我在网上查东西，我不必保存所有细节以备将来使用——我知道在哪儿重新找到信息并且能 够做得又快又容易。‎ ‎⑤No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking_up_to you wishing they were that high.‎ 不管你多么低估自己，总有敬重你的人，他们希望自己也那么高大。‎ ‎⑥We look_upon_you_as a member of the family.‎ 我们把你当作家人。‎ ‎⑦I'm looking_forward_to hearing from you as soon as possible.‎ 我期待尽快收到您的回信。‎ ‎⑧I looked_through today's newspapers but I found nothing important.‎ 我翻阅了今天的报纸，但没有发现重要消息。‎ ‎⑨用 look 短语的适当形式填空 a．Terry, please look_up from your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you.‎ b．You're a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones look_up_to you.‎ c．He happened to be looking_through the medical book Gray'sAnatomy at the time.‎ d．Look_out_for thieves when you stay there.‎ e．The police did not begin to look_into the case until yesterday afternoon.‎ ‎2 refer to 查阅；参考；提及；指的是 If the word group refersto different members，use a plural verb. (P5)‎ 如果单词“group”指不同的成员，谓语动词用复数。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)refer to...as... 把……称作……‎ refer sth. to sb. 把某物提交给某人(解决)‎ ‎(2)referencen．涉及；提及；参考；查阅 in/with reference to 关于 语境助记 ‎①[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers_to Welty's stories.‎ 第 6 段的划线单词“them”指的是韦尔蒂的故事。‎ ‎②The scientist referred_to the discovery as the most exciting new Development in this field.‎ 这位科学家把这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。‎ ‎③You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.‎ 你应把这事提交总部去决定。‎ ‎④The result of the research is for_reference only.‎ 这个研究结果仅供参考。‎ ‎⑤In_reference_to your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.‎ 关于你咨询的费用问题，这部电影的票价是每张 35 元。‎ ‎⑥写出下列句中 refer to 的含义 a．If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅 b．When giving the lecture, he referred to his note from time to time.参考 c．You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision.提交 d．She always refers to Ben as that nice man.把……称作 ‎⑦[一言辨异]When I meet new words I don't know, I often refer_to the Dictionary. If you don't know a word, you can look it up in a dictionary, too.‎ 当我遇到我不知道的新词时，我经常查字典。如果你不认识一个词，你也可以在字典上查阅它。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 carry on； come across； devote to； look down upon； move off； by chance； take...intoconsideration； lead a good life； crowd in； have...in common ‎1．If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.‎ 答案：come across ‎2．An artist who was recently travelling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________ a long－‎ lost antique Greek Vase.‎ 答案：by chance ‎3．________ his research work, the scientist has little time to spend with his family.‎ 答案：Devoted to ‎4．The minute the shopping mall opens, the customers came ________.‎ 答案：crowding in ‎5．________ is the dream of many youngsters in the competive society.‎ 答案：Leading a good life ‎6．If you ________ working like that, you will break down sooner or later.‎ 答案：carry on ‎7．Poor and lazy, he was always ________ by others while he studied abroad.‎ 答案：looked down upon ‎8．The car stood at the traffic lights for a few moments, then ________.‎ 答案：moved off ‎9．I can't get on well with him, for we ________ nothing ________ with ‎ each other.‎ 答案：have; in common ‎10．Everything ________， they ought to have another chance.‎ 答案：taken into consideration ‎1 Only_after_her_mother_came_to_help_her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_‎ begin her project.(P2)‎ 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)该句为“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装的用法。only 置于句首修饰作状语的副词 或介词短语时，句子要倒装。only 置于句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用部分倒装语序，从句不用倒装 语序。‎ ‎(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never, not, not only, little, seldom, hardly, not until, neither, nor, no sooner 等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。需 要注意的是，在 no sooner...than...和 hardly...when...引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza ‎ finally say yes.‎ 在一年的友好讨论之后，加尔扎女士才最终同意了。‎ ‎②Not only did_he_read_the_book,_but also he remembered what he had read.‎ 他不仅读了这本书，而且他还记住他所读的内容了。‎ ‎③Hardly_had_the_bell_rung when the students rushed out of the classroom.‎ 铃一响，学生们就冲出了教室。‎ ‎④[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Only_people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ 只有知道密码的人们才能读懂这个信息。‎ ‎2 Suddenly it_hit_me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.(P6)‎ 我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。‎ 归纳拓展 句中使用了“It hit(s) me＋从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到……”，it 在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：‎ It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到……‎ It strikes sb. that... 某人突然想到……‎ It happens that... 碰巧……‎ 语境助记 ‎①It_hit_me_that I had my keys locked in the room.‎ 我突然意识到我把钥匙锁在屋里了。‎ ‎②It_didn't_occur_to_us that walking was a hardship.‎ 我们从未想过步行会成为一种困难。‎ ‎③It_struck_me that I was looking at a lot of wasted time and money.‎ 我忽然感到自己看到的是大量的时间和金钱被浪费。‎ ‎④It_happened_that they spent their childhood in the same village.‎ 碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．________when I left my brother to go to college did I realize how much I loved him.‎ 答案：Only 考查倒装句的用法。根据句子中“did I realize”可知，此句为倒装句，因此空格处应 为引出倒装的条件。‎ ‎2．________the rivers are polluted, it takes many years for the ecosystem in them to recover.‎ 答案：Once 考查连词用法。根据句意可知，此处表示条件，once 意为“一旦……”。‎ ‎3．It is not when to do it but how to do it ________ is of great importance.‎ 答案：that 考查强调句型。强调的是句子的主语，且主语被 ‎“not...but...”连接。‎ ‎4．Mr Black came back ________ (drink) that night.‎ 答案：drunk 考查分词作状语。drunk 此处可视为形容词在句中作伴随状语。句意：布莱克先生那晚上醉醺醺地回来。‎ ‎5．________ occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.‎ 答案：It 考查固定句式。It occurred to sb. that 意为“某人突然想到”。句意：他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．________， it's very difficult for you to get rid of it.‎ 一旦养成了坏习惯，你就很难改掉它。‎ 答案：Once you form a bad habit ‎2．________ that I should turn to my teacher for help.‎ 我突然想起我应该向老师求助。‎ 答案：It suddenly occurs to me/It suddenly hits/strikes me ‎3．Only after the war broke out ________.‎ 只有在战争爆发后，人们才意识到和平的重要性。‎ 答案：did people realize the importance of peace 主谓一致 概念：主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。‎ 主谓一致的三个原则：主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。‎ ‎1．语法一致原则 语法一致指的是主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓 语也用复数。‎ He likes watching TV while we like playing football.‎ ‎2．意义一致原则 意义一致是指主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。主语意义为复数，谓语用复数；‎ 主语意义是单数，谓语用单数。‎ A new steel works is being built in my hometown now.‎ No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.‎ ‎3．就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词根据靠近它的主语确定其人称和数的形 式，但 as well as, rather than 等连接主语时除外。‎ Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.‎ The teacher as well as the students likes the painting.‎ 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致 ‎1．通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police，people, cattle 等作主语时，谓语要用复数。‎ Be calm, the police are coming.‎ ‎2．只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, ‎ furniture, scenery, jewellery,‎ information, equipment 等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。‎ Much equipment is needed in our lab.‎ ‎3．既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：‎ family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company，government，committee 等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓 语动词要用复数。‎ ‎①Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体)‎ ‎②His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(强调个体)‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1．It is important to remember that success ________ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.‎ 答案：is; takes 考查主谓一致。两空的主语均是 success 且表抽象意义“成功”，故都应用单数形 式。‎ ‎2．Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting ‎ that is due tomorrow.‎ 答案：is 考查主谓一致。either...or 连接主语，谓语遵循就近原则，故此处应和主语 one of your students 一致，又由后面的 is 可知应用一般现在时，所以用 is。‎ ‎3．My family ________ (be) the largest one in our village.‎ Besides, my family ________ (be) all party members.‎ 答案：is；are 考查主谓一致。第一空 family 指整体，故谓语用单数；第二空 family 指个体成 员，故谓语用复数。‎ ‎4．To learn one or two foreign languages ________ (be) very important nowadays.‎ 答案：is 考查主谓一致。不定式作主语，谓语用单数。‎ ‎5．The League Secretary and monitor ________ (ask) to make a speech at the meeting last week.‎ 答案：was asked 考查主谓一致及动词时态和语态。“the＋n.＋and＋n.”作主语时，谓语用单数，‎ 且 ask 与主语之间为被动关系，又根据 last week 可确定答案是 was asked。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′)‎ A Who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams (1860－1935)‎ Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She provided sheltersW1， education opportunities and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ Rachel Carson (1907－1964)‎ Rachel Carson was born in the ruralW3 river town of Springdale, Pennsylvania in America. The popular book SilentSpring by Rachel Carson in 1962 made people realize the dangers and the harmful effects of pollution on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.‎ Angela Merkel (1954－)‎ In 2005, Germans chose Angela Merkel as their first woman head of the country. She had been ascientist in the past. As Germany's leader, she has hadaneffectonP1 the whole world.‎ Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－)‎ When Sandra Day O'Connor finished her class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she could not find work because she was a woman. However, she became the first woman to join the US Supreme Court in1981 after years of hard work.‎ Margaret Thatcher (1925－2013)‎ In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Britain's first woman Prime Minister. She served until 1990, which made her the first British leader to serve three terms inarow. Because of her high standardsW5 and strong will, ‎ people called her Britain's Iron Lady.‎ Marie Curie (1867－1934)‎ Polish－born scientist Marie Curie discovered that some types of metal give off energy called radiation. Her research led to new medical treatments and arms. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911.‎ 篇章导读：本文是记叙文。你认为谁是过去一百年中最重要的女性呢？本文介绍了对世界有巨大 影响的六位伟大的女性。‎ ‎1．Who once won the Nobel Prize?‎ A．Jane Addams and Marie Curie.‎ B．Jane Addams and Margaret Thatcher.‎ C．Marie Curie and Angela Merkel.‎ D．Marie Curie and Rachel Carson.‎ 答案：A'细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Jane Addams 曾获诺贝尔和平奖；根据最后一段最后一句可知，Marie Curie 曾获诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖。故选 A 项。‎ ‎2．We can infer from the text that Rachel Carson worked to ________.‎ A．help the poor B．spread geographic knowledge C．protect the environment D．protect the rights of women 答案：C'推理判断题。根据文章第三段对 Rachel Carson 的描述可知，她写的书让人们意识到污染对人类及世界上的湖泊、海洋的危害。由此可推知，C 项正确。‎ ‎3．What do Angela Merkel and Margaret Thatcher have in common?‎ A．Both of them were scientists before coming to power.‎ B．Both of them became the first woman head of their country.‎ C．Both of them are famous for being strict.‎ D．Both of them once worked for three terms.‎ 答案：B'细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和倒数第二段第一句可知，她们都是各自国家的第一位女性领导人。‎ ‎4．Who once failed to find a job?‎ A．Jane Addams. B．Sandra Day O'Connor.‎ C．Rachel Carson. D．Margaret Thatcher.‎ 答案：B'细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，因为是女性，Sandra Day O'Connor 曾在毕业后找不到工作。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．shelter n. 居所；住处；庇护 2.service n. 服务；服役 ‎3．rural adj. 乡村的；农村的 4.harmful adj. 有害的 ‎5．standard n. 标准；水平；规格 P重点短语 ‎1．have an effect on 对……有影响 ‎2．in a row 连续；一连串；成一行 B ‎[2019·河北保定摸底]Mars (火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summer, scientists reported on Monday. “It suggests that it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars，” NASA's science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015. The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said. “What we're dealingwithP1 is wet soil, thin layers of wet soil, not standing water，” said Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tucson, the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high－resolution imaging experiment. Because liquid water is essentialW1 to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life existsW2 on the planet. The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel. NASA's goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.‎ The evidenceW3 of flowing water consists largely ofP2 dark, narrow streaks (条痕) on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year. Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. But salt can lower the ‎ freezingW4 point of water and melt ice. The source (源头) of the water is a mystery. Scientists noted it could be melting ice. It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water. It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere. Or it may be a combination. Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there's life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth—something a US lander set for lift－off in 2020 will do.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇科普文章。在火星上发现了水的痕迹，这是否意味着会有生命存在呢？是否适合人类居住呢？这都有待进一步的科学探究。‎ ‎5．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Streams of water spotted on Mars B．Astronauts will land on Mars C．NASA's Mars exploration program D．A breakthrough in the exploration of Mars 答案：A 主旨大意题。从文中第一段第一句及文章其他内容可知，文章主要是围绕着在火星上似乎有水的痕迹这一主题展开的。故选 A。‎ ‎6．According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be________on Mars.‎ A．salty water B．standing water C．rocket fuel D．human beings 答案：A 细节理解题。从文中第一段的第一句可知，火星上似乎有咸水。‎ ‎7．Scientists are uncertain about the________of the water on Mars.‎ A．state B．source C．temperature D．taste 答案：B 细节理解题。从文中倒数第二段第一句“The source of the water is a mystery.”可知，水的源头是个谜。故选 B。‎ ‎8．What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?‎ A．The distance from the sun.‎ B．The favorable climate.‎ C．The gravity of the earth.‎ D．The salt in it.‎ 答案：D 细节理解题。从倒数第三段最后一句中的“salt can lower the freezing point of water andmelt ice”可知，盐对液态水的存在有重要作用。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．essential adj. 必要的；至关重要的；基本的；本质的 ‎2．exist vi. 存在；生存 ‎3．evidence n. 证据 ‎4．freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冷的 ‎5．analysis n. 分析 P重点短语 ‎1．deal with 应付；处理 2.consist of 由……组成 Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时 7′)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎[2019·河北定州中学检测]‎ Question: My 14－year－old son is very disrespectful to my husband and me, and we don't know what to do. He often gets home after dark. And we have a big argument after he comes back. Can you help us?‎ Answer: Your son should, of course, come back before dark, not because you say so, but because it is his responsibility and because you would worry about him if he didn't come home when he promised. __1__ ‎ Just tell him that he has to be home on time if he wants to go out next time—and that this is his choice, not yours. His disrespect is part of a bigger issue. Your son desires independence because the young always do when they hit puberty (青春期). New hormones (荷尔蒙), a new need to pull away from their parents results in this desire. __2__Your son may also be acting up because your discipline hasn't kept up with his growth. A child hates to be corrected when his parents use the same words they used when correcting him a year ago. __3__ He won't even argue with you too much, if you listen to his rants (咆哮) and consider his reasons when you have to say no. These are all signs that you know that your ‎ respect is as important to him as his respect is to you. __4__ This Doesn't complete anything and must worsen your relationship. Your child not only needs your respect. __5__ They need your pity for him when things go wrong, rather than tell him what he should have done. Now is the time to give as few orders as possible (but stick to the ones you give)．‎ A．But don't worry.‎ B．But don't argue about it.‎ C．He wants you to react to him at the age he is today.‎ D．So boys and girls are so eager to spread their wings.‎ E．If you don't listen and consider, he won't hear a word you say.‎ F．He is growing physically, mentally, emotionally and even morally.‎ G．He also needs you to encourage his dreams, no matter how strange they are.‎ 篇章导读：本文属于教育类短文。现实生活中很多青少年都很叛逆，不愿意听从父母的教育，想 要脱离父母的管教。作者就此问题提出了一些建议。‎ ‎1．B 根据横线后句“Just tell him that he has to be home on time if he wants to go out next time—and that this is his choice, not yours.”可知，不要跟孩子争辩什么，而是要让他想清楚这是他自己的选择。B选项“But don't argue about it.”符合语境。故选 B。‎ ‎2．D 根据横线前句“New hormones, a new need to pull away from their parents results in this desire.”‎ 可知，男孩子和女孩子在青春期时因为荷尔蒙的影响会变得比较叛逆，想要脱离父母的掌控。D 选项“So boys and girls are so eager to spread their wings.”符合语境。故选 D。‎ ‎3．C 根据第四段第一句“Your son may also be acting up because your discipline hasn't kept up with his growth.”可知，这个孩子的行为可能是因为你对他的态度没有根据他的年龄的变化而改变，还是当他是小孩子造成的。C 选项“He wants you to react to him at the age he is today.”符合语境。故选 C。‎ ‎4．E 根据横线前句“These are all signs that you know that your respect is as important to him as his respect is to you.”可知，你也要尊重他，如果你不倾听他的心声，他也不会听你的话，E 选项“If you don't listen and consider, he won't hear a word you say.”符合语境。故选 E。‎ ‎5．G 根据横线前句“Your child not only needs your respect.”可知，你的孩子不仅仅需要你的尊敬。句中的 not only 与 G 项中的 also 形成呼应，句意为“他还需要你鼓励他实现自己的梦想，不论梦想是 多么奇特”。故选 G 项。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时 13′)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2019·张家口模拟]Tu Youyou, __1__ was born in 1930, is a Chinese medical scientist and educator. She was educated and carried out research __2__ (entire) in China. She is best known __3__ discovering artemisinin (青蒿素) and dihydroartemisinin (双氢青蒿素), which saved millions of ‎ lives. Her discovery of art emisinin as well as __4__ (it) treatment of malaria __5__ (regard) as a significant breakthrough of tropical (热带的) medicine in the 20th century and health __6__ (improve) for people of tropical __7__ (develop) countries in South Asia, Africa, and South America. For her work, Tu received the 2011 Lasker Award in clinical medicine and __8__ 2015 Nobel Prizein Physiology (生理学) or Medicine together with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Omura. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in Physiology or medicine __9__ the first citizen of the People's Republic of China __10__ (receive) the Nobel Prize in natural sciences.‎ ‎1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________‎ ‎5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________‎ ‎9．________ 10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国著名科学家屠呦呦的事迹。‎ ‎1．who 考查定语从句。who 指代先行词 Tu Youyou，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主 语。‎ ‎2．entirely 考查副词。entirely 副词，意为“完全地”。‎ ‎3．for 考查介词。be known for...“因……而出名”。‎ ‎4．its 考查代词。its 修饰名词 treatment。‎ ‎5．is regarded 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。因为主语是 her discovery，因此用 is。‎ ‎6．improvement 考查名词。从上文中的“of tropical medicine...and...”可知，of 后接两个并列名词短语，故此空应填名词。health improvement 意为“改善健康”。‎ ‎7．developing 考查现在分词。developing countries “发展中国家”。‎ ‎8．the 考查冠词。此处特指 2015 年度诺贝尔生理或医学奖。‎ ‎9．and 考查并列连词。根据句意可知为并列关系。‎ ‎10．to receive 考查非谓语动词。由“the first citizen”可知，应用动词不定式作后置定语。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时 20′)‎ ‎[2019·湖北高三大联考] 假如你是龙潭中学高三学生李华，参加了上周六学校组织的远足爬山活动。请你根据以下信息用英语写一篇日记，叙述这次活动的过程及感受，以便发表在校刊英语园地上。‎ ‎1．介绍活动主要经过(时间：4 月 18 日，地点：卧龙山)；‎ ‎2．参加这项活动的感受(享受大自然，放松心情；学会互助，强身健体，磨练意志，利于学习)。‎ 要求：1.句子结构严谨，信息内容完整，篇章连贯；‎ ‎2．词数 100 左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ April 18th, Saturday It was fine today.‎ ‎[标准范文]‎ April_18th,_Saturday It_was_fine_today. We gathered at the school gate at 7 a．m. and then we ‎ set out to go on a hike. Our destination was to reach the top of Mount Wolong. We had to walk for about 3 hours before we got there. When arriving at the top finally, we could see the breathtaking view. Though the hike was exhausting, it was well worth the extra effort. We not only got relaxed by enjoying the beauty of nature but also learned how to smooth away difficulties, and help each other as well as build our bodies.‎ In the future, we each will have our own mountain to climb in our life. We believe we'll reach the top and see much more beautiful view