2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（1）阅读理解（一）

2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（1）阅读理解（一）

阅读理解（一）‎ A ‎(2018·成都高三第一次诊断)When you use our university library there are different learning spaces available so you can decide what is best for your purpose.‎ Social learning areas We recognize that you can learn from your friends so we've provided social study areas in our library. Here you can discuss your work with your friends without worrying about disturbing others as a reasonable level of noise is accepted, though we do ask that you're considerate of other students and staff.‎ Group study rooms There are bookable (可预定的) group study rooms of various sizes in the library. These rooms are well equipped so that you can easily work in groups or practise presentations.‎ ‎·Bookings are available to groups of 3 or more students.‎ ‎·Bookings can be made in hourly blocks up to a maximum of 2 hours per group per day.‎ ‎·Bookings can be made for the present week and the following week.‎ ‎·Contact the library Help Desk online to book a room. Bookings are restricted to student use only.‎ Silent study spaces We know that sometimes you may prefer to study on your own. To help you achieve this we have individual quiet or silent study areas.‎ In order to preserve the quiet study environment and to avoid disturbing other students, discussion about your course work or exams, or using mobile phones isn't permitted anywhere in these areas.‎ Food, drink and phones Cold drinks and snacks can be consumed in most areas of the library though we ask that you help keep the learning environment clean and pleasant for everyone by clearing rubbish into the bins provided.‎ Mobile phones can be used in the social learning areas and group study rooms but not in the silent study spaces or the hallways or stairs that lead to those areas. We ask that you switch your phone to silent mode when you come in the library.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了应如何使用大学图书馆。‎ ‎1．What is the purpose of social learning areas provided in the library?‎ A．To offer students access to library staff.‎ B．To help students learn to be considerate.‎ C．To keep students free from disturbance.‎ D．To enable students to learn from each other.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“We recognize that you can learn from your friends so we've provided social study areas in our library.”可知，图书馆提供社交学习区域的目的是让学生能够相互学习。故选D。‎ ‎2．What should students pay attention to when using the library?‎ A．Taking rubbish out when leaving.‎ B．Avoiding having cold drinks and snacks. ‎ C．Keeping their mobile phones silent all the time.‎ D．Using mobile phones only in the hallways or stairs.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“We ask that you switch your phone to silent mode when you come in the library.”可知，学生在使用图书馆时应该注意一直保持手机静音。故选C。‎ ‎3．What is the text mainly intended for?‎ A．Introducing additional regulations of a university library.‎ B．Showing how to make use of a university library.‎ C．Recommending a university library the author visits.‎ D．Explaining why a university library is a good place for study.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。通读全文并结合并根据第一段的内容可知，文章主要介绍了如何充分利用大学的图书馆。故选B。‎ B ‎ A video recording from Xinhua (9th, Nov. 2017) showing Arabella Kushner, US President Donald Trump's granddaughter, singing Chinese songs and reciting Chinese literary classics caused another Internet sensation (轰动) in China Wednesday night.‎ In the video clip, Arabella, wearing a traditional embroidered Chinese dress, greets President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan.‎ The sixyearold sings two songs Our Fields, Beautiful Fields, and My Good Mom. The former, written in 1953 and adored by Chinese teenagers for decades, expresses one's love and affection for the motherland and nature. The latter is a popular nursery rhyme widespread in China. ‎ She also displayed knowledge about Chinese literature by reciting Three ‎ Character Classic, a Confucianist volume to educate young children, and two ancient poems of Li Bai, Watching the Fall of Lushan Mountain, and Departing from Baidi City in the Morning. ‎ Xi spoke highly of the child's Mandarin abilities and said her performance deserved an “A Plus”. He said Arabella was already a star in China and hoped she would visit China one day. ‎ Numerous media websites and netizens reposted the video. It has received 2.3 million clicks on Sina Weibo, China's popular social media platform, as of press time. ‎ ‎“What a talented and smart girl she is！” Weibo user Yumeiren said. “I hope she can make more contributions to fostering ChinaUS friendship in the future.”‎ Earlier this year, during President Xi's visit to the United States, Arabella has already performed for the president and his wife at the MaraLago resort in Palm Beach, Florida, on April 6. Standing alongside her parents, Arabella sang Jasmine, a Chinese folk song with her brother Joseph. ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。全文报道了美国总统特朗普的外孙女演唱经典的中国民歌、童谣，并背诵唐诗和《三字经》，得到中国人民的热烈赞誉，提升中美关系和友谊的这一热点时事。‎ ‎1．From the passage, we can learn that ________.‎ A．Arabella once sang Jasmine for President Xi in April alone B．Arabella has a talent for singing Chinese songs C．Arabella has some acquaintance with Chinese ancient poems D．My Good Mom conveys one's love for his or her motherland 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第四段提到的阿拉贝拉背诵李白的诗《早发白帝城》和《望庐山瀑布》可知，阿拉贝拉对中国古诗有所了解。have some acquaintance with “了解”。故选C。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word in Para. 7 probably mean? ‎ A．Preventing. B．Proposing.‎ C．Protesting. D．Promoting.‎ 答案：D　词义猜测题。由画线词前、后的“make more contributions” “ChinaUS friendship”可推知，Arabella演唱经典的中国民歌、童谣，并背诵唐诗和《三字经》的做法会增进中美两国友谊。由此可知，画线词与promote “提升”意思相近。故选D。‎ ‎3．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Arabella's Contribution to ChinaUS Relationship ‎ B．Trump's Granddaughter Wins Chinese Hearts, Again ‎ C．Trump and His Famous Granddaughter ‎ D．A Little Shining Star in China 答案：B　标题判断题。根据文章第一段中的“caused another Internet sensation (轰动) in China”以及下文对阿拉贝拉这段视频的介绍可知，选项B ‎ “特朗普外孙女(唱中文歌背古诗)又一次俘获国人的心”作为标题最为恰当。‎ C Jack Ma：Asia's richest man just became $2.8bn richer in one day Jack Ma's net worth increased by $2.8bn overnight as Alibaba forecast sales growth that topped every analyst's estimate on June 8,2017, despite the fact that China's economy is slowing down.‎ Mr Ma, aged 52 this year, is now the richest person in Asia and the 14th wealthiest in the world, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. His net worth has climbed $8.5bn this year to $41.8bn.‎ The latest surge came after China's largest ecommerce company forecast 45 to 49 per cent revenue (收入) growth in the year ending March, demonstrating how investments in online shopping are paying off. Shares in Alibaba, where Mr Ma is chairman, rose 13 per cent to a record high.‎ Alibaba and Tencent, which dominate online shopping and social media respectively, have ventured (冒险) deeper into new areas from cloud computing services to streaming music and video as the country's economy slows. Alibaba is capturing more digital advertising spending by incorporating (吸收) social elements such as video in its shopping sites.‎ Alibaba is holding meetings with investors this week. On Friday, the former English teacher said he wasn't going to discuss corporate forecasts. He took the stage instead to describe how his company had become effectively the world's 22nd largest economy — just after Argentina — in terms of transactions (交易) by never fearing to think big. Mr Ma, who said Alibaba revised 10year plans annually, foresaw the company becoming the fifthlargest eventually by 2036 by serving burgeoning (迅速发展) Chinese middle classes, taking advantage of global trade and making use of its valuable data.‎ Ma's comments about the evolution of datadriven technology echoed those of Masayoshi Son, chairman of Japan's SoftBank. SoftBank — Alibaba's largest shareholder — has invested billions in companies such as ARM with the intention of staking out a leading position in the future Internet of Things.‎ ‎“The Internet of Things is going to be big because in the past, machines ‘drank’ electricity，” Mr Ma told investors. “In the next 20 years, machines will ‘drink’ data. In the future, no company, no country, no business can ‎ survive without data.”‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了阿里巴巴集团股票股价上涨13%，使董事长马云净身家在一天之内增加28亿美元，成为亚洲首富的故事。‎ ‎1．The text is intended to tell us that ________.‎ A．China's economy is not satisfying B．Jack Ma has become Asia's richest man C．online shopping grows rapidly worldwide D．Alibaba is the largest company in the world 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通览全文可知，本文介绍了阿里巴巴集团股票股价上涨13%，使董事长马云净身家在一天之内增加28亿美元，成为亚洲首富的故事。故选B项。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．‎ A．sudden increase B．rapid decline C．dead time D．uncertainty 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Jack Ma's net worth increased by $2.8bn overnight”和第三段中的“China's largest ecommerce company forecast 45 to 49 per cent revenue (收入) growth in the year ending March”可以推测画线词意为“急剧上升”。‎ ‎3．What do we know about Alibaba?‎ A．It is China's largest social media company.‎ B．It makes profits mainly from digital advertising.‎ C．It is providing cloud computing services.‎ D．It is new to streaming music and video.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Alibaba and Tencent, which dominate online shopping and social media respectively, have ventured (冒险) deeper into new areas from cloud computing services to streaming music and video ...”可知，由于国家经济下滑，阿里巴巴已进军云计算服务领域。‎ ‎4．What does Jack Ma stress in the last paragraph?‎ A．The investment of global trade.‎ B．The importance of data.‎ C．The necessity of sharing information.‎ D．The future of the Internet of Things.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“In the future, no company, no country, no business can survive without data.”可知，在将来，任何公司的发展和存在都离不开数据，因此他强调了“data”的重要性。‎ D Stephen Hawking Warns Humans Must Leave Earth Soon Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.‎ Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”‎ Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．‎ According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics (天体物理学) and cosmology (宇宙学)．”‎ Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation (滥伐森林), and decimation (大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking (考虑不周的) lot.”‎ The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe (航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold (开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.”‎ ‎ Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.‎ 语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。‎ ‎1．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?‎ A．To send people to Mars.‎ B．To build a lunar base.‎ C．To send astronauts to the Moon.‎ D．To change the future of humanity.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．speeded up B．stored C．used up D．explored 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。‎ ‎3．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future?‎ A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.‎ C．Positive. D．Indifferent.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。‎ ‎4．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.‎ A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。‎ E My Favourite Travel Books The Old Patagonian Express by Paul Theroux Choosing my favorite Paul Theroux book is like picking my favorite place in the ‎ world: It's impossible to settle on just one. But The Old Patagonian Express, which is about a train journey Theroux made from Boston, the USA to southern Argentina, is right up there at the top of my list. Theroux has a wicked sense of humor. He brings so much wisdom and experience to his travels.‎ Walden by Henry David Thoreau If he were alive today, Thoreau would probably frown if he heard someone refer to Walden as a travel book. But I regard it as a travelwriting masterpiece. “I went into the woods, ” he writes, “because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” That's the same spirit of discovery that defines so many great contemporary travel records.‎ The Dharma Bums by Jack Kerouac Like so many people, I fell in love with Kerouac's novels in my late teens and early 20s. On the Road gets all the press, but I always love The Dharma Bums. Kerouac beautifully captures the romance of California trains, Berkeley, and backpacking in the Sierras. It's hard to read this book without wanting to leave for the mountains to brainstorm bad haikus on the trail and cook canned macaroni and cheese over a crackling campfire. ‎ Confucius Lives Next Door by T．R. Reid This is sort of A Year in Provence in Japan, only the crosscultural differences are much greater. Reid and his family moved to Tokyo when he became the chief for The Washington Post, enabling him to uncover truths about the country. Among the highlights are his observations about Japanese schools, including Yodobashi No.6 Elementary School, where his daughters were greeted by the whole school staff.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要简述了作者最喜欢的几本旅行书籍，不同的书籍有不同的特点，可以为有不同兴趣爱好的读者提供意见。‎ ‎1．Which book enables readers to experience great crosscultural differences? ‎ A．The Old Patagonian Express.‎ B．Confucius Lives Next Door.‎ C．On the Road.‎ D．Walden.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“This is sort of A Year in Provence in Japan, only the crosscultural differences are much greater.”可知，该书可以让读者体验跨国文化。故选B。‎ ‎2．What will people feel after reading Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums?‎ A．A strong desire to follow.‎ B．A love for novels.‎ C．A wish to learn cooking.‎ D．An excitement to write poems.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“It's hard to read this book without wanting to leave for the mountains to brainstorm bad haikus ...”可知，读者读完这本书就很难不想象着要前往书中描述的场景去感受一番。故选A。‎ ‎3．Which writer based his book on a train journey from home to abroad?‎ A．T.R. Reid. B．Henry David Thoreau.‎ C．Paul Theroux. D．Jack Kerouac.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“..., which is about a train journey Theroux made from Boston, the USA to southern Argentina, is right up there ...”可知，Paul Theroux写的书是反映他从美国到阿根廷的火车旅行的经历的。故选C。‎ ‎4．What features most modern travel books have according to the author?‎ A．Experience. B．Observation.‎ C．Culture. D．Discovery.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。文章主要简述了作者最喜欢的几本旅行书籍，这几本书籍都有相似的特点，就是具有对未知的探索性。故选D。‎ F My friend Emily has three amazingly wellbehaved children.They put their toys away when she tells them to, go to bed without making any noise, and even settle their own disagreements or quarrels.I actually witnessed her 3yearold son John calmly asking for a truck back from a friend who had pulled it out of his hands suddenly.‎ Emily admits that her children have their moments — “They are kids after all！” — but she says that real discipline (纪律) challenges are not very often.“What's your secret？” I once asked, hoping she could impart some muchneeded wisdom.“Do you threaten them with punishment, give them timeouts or praise them with prizes？” I asked.Emily shook her head and said, “Nothing like that.If I've done anything right, it's that I've made it clear what I expect from them from the beginning.Now, all I have to do is set them an example and shoot them a look, and they know to control their behavior and obey rules.”‎ It may sound too good to be true, but experts agree that Emily has the right idea about teaching kids to behave.“When you make your expectations clear from the time your children are old enough to learn to walk, they accept or absorb those expectations and begin to expect the same thing from themselves，” says Sharon K．Hall, author of Raising Kids in the 21st Century.In other words, since kids naturally want to please their parents, they'll try to behave in the way that you've taught them to.In fact, experts say that kids as young as 18 months can understand ‎ and respond to their parents' expectations.‎ There is good news: Teaching selfcontrol to a young child isn't as worrying as it sounds.“If you set out firm rules, tell them why, offer lots of praise and follow rules yourself at around age 2, your child will catch on faster, resist less, and finally behave better，” says Sharon.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者向朋友询问如何让孩子行为举止优秀，朋友的回答看似简单，其实蕴含着很深的道理。‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention John in the first paragraph?‎ A．To explain why he is so violent.‎ B．To indicate he behaves well.‎ C．To describe his dislike of quarrels.‎ D．To show his unwillingness to share.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。第一段主要描述了朋友的孩子所表现出的优秀的行为举止，作者具体列举的John的例子正是要说明这一点。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “impart” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Offer.　　　　　　　 B．Prove.‎ C．Accept. D．Question.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。由画线词的上下文内容可知，作者希望朋友可以透露自己是如何让孩子的行为变得如此优秀。‎ ‎3．What leads children to meet parents' expectations according to Sharon?‎ A．Being taught selfcontrol.‎ B．Longing for parents' praise.‎ C．Hoping to make parents happy.‎ D．Worrying about being punished.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段的“In other words, since kids naturally want to please their parents, they'll try to behave in the way that you've taught them to.”可知，孩子会为了取悦父母而遵守父母制定的规则。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．What rules should parents set out for kids?‎ B．When should kids be taught selfcontrol?‎ C．The key to getting along well with kids D．The secret to raising wellbehaved kids 解析：选D　标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，文章是就“如何培养孩子优秀的行为举止”展开的。‎