【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十（26页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十（26页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十 ‎[一]‎ People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the- counter(非处方的) medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗)like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.‎ ‎ So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it’s easy to believe it’s medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.‎ ‎ It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral(抗病毒的) drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.‎ ‎ The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn’t find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against C.‎ ‎“This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinovirus,” study leader Professor Ann Palmenberg at University of Wisconsin-Madison, US, told Science Daily.‎ ‎ Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly-detailed 3-D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.‎ With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don’t really work.‎ ‎28. What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?‎ A. They are quite effective.‎ B. They are slightly helpful.‎ C. They actually have no effect.‎ D. They still need to be improved.‎ ‎29. How do antiviral drugs work?‎ ‎ A. By breaking up cold viruses directly.‎ ‎ B. By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.‎ ‎ C. By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.‎ ‎ D. By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.‎ ‎30. What can we infer from the passage?‎ ‎ A. The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.‎ ‎ B. Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.‎ ‎ C. Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.‎ ‎ D. Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.‎ ‎31. What is the best title for this passage?‎ ‎ A. Drugs against cold viruses B. Helpful home remedies ‎ C. No current cure for common cold D. Research on cold viruses 参考答案：28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C ‎[二]‎ Michelle Kwan is a champion ice skater who has won five World Championships, nine U. S. Championships and two Olympic medals, in addition to countless other skating competitions. While audiences have seen her glide effortlessly across the ice, long hours of practice and devotion contribute each jump and spin.‎ Kwan began ice skating when she was five years old, and her skill quickly became evident. At the age of eight, she skated several hours a day, every day of the week. Before school, after school and on weekends, she was at the ice rink. The cost of ice time and coaches quickly grew, but her parents were committed to her success. Her family sold their home and purchased a much smaller one to free up money to pay for her ice skating.‎ When Kwan was 13, she performed at her first U. S. National Championships. After a disappointing performance, she swore to work even harder and improve. She did. The next year, she finished second. From there she went on to win a silver medal at the 1998 Olympics and the first of her World ‎ Championships. She followed up with a bronze medal at the 2002 Olympic Games.‎ Kwan is the most decorated figure skater in American history. She was the sole member to the U. S. Figure Skating Hall of Fame and the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame classes of 2012, and in 2014, she was appointed to the Hall of Fame at the U. S. National Competition.‎ Even after retiring from skating. Kwan has not given up her devotion to learning, service and hard work. She received her college degree in 2009 from the University of Denver and is pursuing graduate studies in international relations at Tufts University. Meanwhile, she has held several diplomatic and ambassador positions representing the United States globally. Ultimately，whether on the ice, in the classroom or representing her nation, Kwan presents one consistent quality—devotion.‎ ‎21. What do we know about Kwan according to the text?‎ A. She performed badly in her first national competition.‎ B. She has won five U. S. Championships.‎ C. She failed to graduate from Tufts University.‎ D. She hasn’t won the second place in Olympic Games.‎ ‎22. Which of the following can best describe Kwan?‎ A. Warm-hearted. B. Energetic.‎ C. Easygoing. D. Devoted.‎ ‎23. What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. The Way to Success B. A Great Skater C. How to Be a Good Player? D. Why Is Devotion Important?‎ 参考答案：21-23 ADB ‎ ‎[三]‎ A recent study has looked into what happens inside your brain while you read and listen to music. You know that thrill you get when listening to your favorite music? According to the study, it seems the same thing can happen while you are reading, but not with every kind of text. Professor Adam Zeman, a neurologist said, “The participants lay in an MRI scanner reading the texts, then we compared brain activity for five texts.” The texts ranged from deadly boring ones to highly exciting ones.‎ As the researchers observed, participants found some texts more emotional than others. When reading these emotional texts, there was higher activity in brain areas associated with pleasure and reward – the same areas ‎ related to the thrill we get when we listen to music.‎ Reading poetry is often considered a reflective activity, but did the study find any evidence of this? In fact, when the participants were reading poems, the team found there was more activity in a particular brain area called the Default Network. “These areas seem to be associated with things we do with our minds when we are resting, like thinking about what’s happened to us recently, and that network seems to be more strongly associated with poetry than with essays.” explains Zeman.‎ The study shows that the different texts activate different areas of our brains when we read. Zeman reflects that “the study did confirm what we thought, in particular our belief that the response to literature was going to be a bit like the response to music in terms of emotion.”‎ ‎32．What is the study about?‎ Reading activates emotions like listening to music.‎ Different types of texts arouse different reflections.‎ All the texts can cause readers the same feelings.‎ Readers get the same thrill as listening to music.‎ ‎33．How did the scientist make the discovery?‎ A．They compared different kinds of texts.‎ B．They made a list of some typical examples.‎ C．They compared listening to music with reading.‎ D．They made experiments by involving participants.‎ ‎34．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?‎ A．Reading poems aroused participants’ stronger emotions.‎ B．The Default Network is connected with readers’ minds.‎ C．Listening to music can make participants get strong thrill.‎ D．Reading essays can cause participants to have the same reaction.‎ ‎35．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Have fun in reading B．Reading, music and the brain C．Different texts activate reflection D．Reading, similar to listening to music 参考答案：32-35. ADAB ‎ ‎[四]‎ Some jobs are more likely to be automated than others. Machines can do jobs that have three characteristics: they are routine, repetitive, and predictable. “It’s the kind of job where you work on the same kind of thing again and again,” Ford says. “What you do each day is not too different from what you’ve done in the past.”‎ According to the McKinsey report, some of these jobs pay low wages and require little education. But others pay well and demand an advanced college degree. Taxi drivers, cashiers, lawyers, and doctors all perform some tasks that can be done by machines.‎ So what jobs are safe from automation? “Anything where you’re thinking outside the box and coming up with new ideas,” Ford says. “Or work that involves interacting（互动) with other people and building relationships.” Jobs in engineering, science, the arts and nursing are examples.‎ At Creator, a restaurant in York Town, Vardakostas hired people to do just that kind of work. Instead of repetitive jobs, workers perform tasks that cannot be done by the machine. They interact with customers and advise them on flavor pairings, like mushroom sauce with sault and onion jam. “In our world at Creator, all the work is creative and social,” Vardakostas says. “And I think that is what we’re going to see more of in the future.”‎ ‎24．The job which can be done by machine is .‎ A．easy but creative B．social but boring C．creative and difficult D．repetitive and predictable ‎25．Who are more likely to lose jobs in the future?‎ A．scientists. B. artists. C. cashiers. D. engineers.‎ ‎26．The jobs difficult for machines to do are the ones .‎ A．that pay little wages B．that demand repetition C．that need to break the routine D．that require a little education ‎27．The example of Creator indicates that .‎ A．the job involving interacting with people is safe B．machines can’t take the place of humans in some way C．all the work in the world of Creator is social but boring D．the employees in Creator are not worried about their jobs ‎ 参考答案：24-27. DC CB ‎ ‎[五]‎ Over a hundred years ago in 1911,something strange was found in the glaciers of Antarctica. Crilffith Taylor—an Australian geologist, had discovered a blood red stream pouring out of the ice cascades (瀑布) of Talor Glacier! Popularly known as the Blood Falls, scientists had not been able to find the reason behind the blood red liquid flowing through the ice—until recently. The mystery of the Blood Falls had finally been solved.‎ When these falls were first discovered, scientists had believed that the red colour came from a large amount of red algae (海藻) concentrated in the water. Red algae contain a pigment (色素) which reflects red light, making the algae appear red.‎ This theory made sense, until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red color of the flowing liquid at all. What really causes Talor Glacier’s waters appear blood red, is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid. The waters of the Blood Falls are rich in salt and iron content, and when this water comes in contact with the air, it turns red—just like rust! The water in these falls is often referred to as “brine” by scientists because of the high salt content in the water.‎ This reasoning behind the red colors of the falls was found back in 2003.However,the entire mystery had not yet been solved. How is it then, that the Blood Falls are not frozen?‎ Researchers at the University of Colorado and University of Alaska found that inside the glacier, there is a network of channels and reservoirs that move the water around. Salt water has a lower freezing temperature. In addition, when any substance undergoes a change in state, it gives off heat. Therefore, the brine actually warm itself up while it’s freezing !How this works, is that when the brine is flowing through the Talor Glacier, some of it does freeze. As a result of changing state from liquid to ice, the brine gives off heat. This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form, which is why it flows out of the glacier.‎ Incredible new chemistry facts found, and mystery solved!‎ ‎【语篇导读】1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了一种奇怪的东西——血瀑布。众所周知,科学家一直无法找到血液中的红色液体不结冰的原因。直到最近,血瀑布的秘密终于被发现了。水中富含盐和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红,盐分很高,导致它不结冰。‎ ‎1.According to the text, the red algae theory was once considered 　　　. ‎ A. ridiculous B. reasonable C. impractical D. complex 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“This theory made sense,until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red color of the flowing liquid at all.” 可知,这个理论一开始被认为是合理的,但后来发现海藻对于流动的液体呈红色不起作用。make sense“有道理,有意义,讲的通”,与reasonable同义。‎ ‎2. Why do the Blood Falls look red in colour?‎ A. Because there is too much salt and iron in the water.‎ B. Because the liquid is rich in red algae.‎ C. Because the flowing liquid reflects red sunlight D. Because the air is thin and rare in Antarctica.‎ 答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The waters of the Blood Falls are rich in salt and iron content, and when this water comes in contact with the air, it turns red—just like rust!”可知,是因为水中富含盐分和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。‎ ‎3. What is the main reason for the Blood Falls’ not freezing?‎ A. The water continued flowing constantly.‎ B. There is too much salt in the water.‎ C. The brine gives off heat while freezing D. Temperatures aren’t high enough for flowing water.‎ 答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“As a result of changing state from liquid to ice, the brine gives off heat. This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form, which is why it flows out of the glacier.”可知,当液态到冰态变化时,水放出热量。这种热量足以使其余的盐水保持液态,这就是不结冰的原因。‎ ‎4. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. The discovery of the blood glacier.‎ B. The birth of the Talor Glacier.‎ C. The flowing red water in Antarctica.‎ D. The mystery of the Blood Falls.‎ 答案　D解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,1911年澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了血瀑布。众所周知,科学家一直无法找到血液中的红色液体不结冰的原因。直到最近,血瀑布的秘密终于被发现了。分析选项可知,D项“血瀑布之谜。”符合题意。‎ ‎[六]‎ When the natural climate changes due to global warming, it can surely affect seals. The majority of them live in the Antarctic region but the ice is melting and their natural habitat can be seriously affected. These changes don’t take place overnight. They can be the result of many years of additional temperatures in the area. The seals then have to find ways to adapt.‎ Seals depend on the cool air currents to bring plenty of food for them. When the temperatures get higher there is less and less food and the seal population starts to shrink. Mothers are not healthy enough to feed their babies. Many of them end up abandoned as the mothers have to leave to find their own source of food.‎ The fact that their desire to produce young can be changed and the warmer temperature is frightening too. It is also believed that the warmer temperature can allow different diseases and viruses to attack the seals. This is a huge concern as they can rapidly wipe out huge numbers of seals out there.‎ However, these changes in climate and temperature aren’t all bad for other species of seals. Scientists have found that those living in warmer climates are producing more young due to the changes. Research also shows that the females are moving further to find food and water. When they are out of the reach of the governing males, they are more willing to accept the moves of other males in the group.‎ This is good news too because it means that there will be more selection in the gene pool(基因库)for future generations. It can help the seals as a species adapt to change in their natural environment more easily.‎ The climate change problem for seals is directly linked to humans. When we take action to change what we let out into the environment, we will make positive changes for the seals. However, it is going to take a very long time to reverse (彻底改变)the effects of what has already been done.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文是说明文,主要介绍了气候变暖对生活在南极地区的海豹的影响,‎ ‎1. What does the author regard climate changes for seals as?‎ A. A double-edged sword.‎ B. An unavoidable disaster for existence.‎ C. A mirror of evolution.‎ D. A requirement for more choice in the gene pool.‎ 答案　A解析　推理判断题。文章第一至三段介绍了气候变暖对南极地区海豹的负面影响,第四、五段介绍了气候变暖对其他海豹种类的正面影响。由此可知,在作者看来,对海豹来说,气候变暖有利有弊,是把双刃剑。‎ ‎2. What will happen to the seals in warmer climates?‎ A. Their number will be on the increase.‎ B. The female seals will be in the lead.‎ C. Their genes will change a great deal.‎ D. The females will keep away from the males.‎ 答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...those living in warmer climates are producing more young due to the changes.”可知,生活在较温暖地区的海豹会因为天气变暖而繁殖更多的幼崽。由此可知,它们的数量会增加。‎ ‎3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. The Importance of Protecting Seals B. Seals’ Adaptation to Climate Change C. How Climate Change Affects Seals D. Why Are Seals Becoming Less and Less 答案　C解析　主旨大意题。根据全文可知,介绍了气候变暖对生活在不同地区的海豹的负面影响和正面影响,因此C项“气候变化如何影响海豹”作本文标题最佳。‎ ‎[七]‎ If you thought pilots dimmed(调暗) the lights before takeoff to give you some shuteye, think again. Believe it or not,the dim lighting could actually help save your life in case of a plane emergency.‎ The dimmed lights before taking off from the runway and landing are a flight precaution used to help passengers’ eyes adjust more quickly during an emergency escape. “Going from a brightly-lit environment to one that’s completely dark would require some time for our eyes to focus and see the escape slide,” Alice Theriault, service director for Air Canada wrote in a press statement. “Since we need to have all the seconds ‎ on our side in the event of an emergency, dimming the lights is one of many steps we take to ensure the safety of our customers.”‎ The phenomenon that your eyes see those strange speckles (小斑点) as your sight adjusts to a dark place after being in a light place is called dark adaptation. It normally takes our eyes about 20 to 30 minutes to see best in a dark room. The brighter the lights, the longer it takes for our eyes to adjust, which is why dimming the plane lights could shorten your “dark adaptation” time since you haven’t been sitting under fluorescent bulbs (荧光灯) all flight.‎ Not only does dimming lights add valuable time to the escape process, it also reduces the tension on your eyes if you need to look outside,or see the emergency lighting along the passage. “It helps keep you in the right direction,” Patrick Smith, an airline pilot and author of Cockpit Confidential told The Telegraph. “It also makes it easier for flight attendants to assess any outside risks, such as fire or debris, that might affect an escape.” So next time a pilot dims the lights, just know it’s for your safety,even though it creates a gentle atmosphere for your takeoff into the sky.‎ ‎【语篇导读】为什么飞行员在起飞和降落的过程中使灯光变暗?本文给出了解释。‎ ‎1.The lights are dimmed before takeoff to help passengers 　　　. ‎ A. take a short break B. escape in time of emergency C. create a warm atmosphere D. adapt their eyes to the bright environment 答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据“The dimmed lights before taking off from the runway and landing are a flight precaution used to help passengers’ eyes adjust more quickly during an emergency escape.”可知,调暗灯光是一种飞行预防措施,用于帮助乘客在紧急逃生时眼睛快速适应。‎ ‎2. What is one of the roles of shortening “dark adaptation” time?‎ A. Slowing down the landing.‎ B. Adjusting the plane lights.‎ C. Keeping passengers calm.‎ D. Helping the crew judge outside risks.‎ 答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It also makes it easier for flight attendants to assess any outside risks...”可知,它能帮助机组人员判断外面的危险。‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. Dimming lights. B. The escape process.‎ C. Reducing tension. D. The passage.‎ 答案　A解析　代词指代题。根据上文的“Not only does dimming lights add valuable time to the escape process, it also reduces the tension...”可知,此处的It指的就是“被调暗的灯光”,所以选A项。‎ ‎4. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. A tip of air travel.‎ B. An emergency event on a plane.‎ C. A warning message on a plane.‎ D. An explanation of an airline safety measure.‎ 答案　D解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,飞行员在起飞和降落的过程中使灯光变暗是一种安全措施,文章是对该措施的解释,所以选D项。‎ ‎[八]‎ NASA, the U.S. space agency, believes there’s a good chance that we’re not alone in the universe. Last fall, NASA began a new project called the High Resolution Microwave Survey (HRMS).Its aim is to find evidence of life in one of the billions of galaxies in the universe.‎ The search for intelligent life on other planets isn’t new. It began almost 100 years ago. That’s when scientists built a huge transmitter (发射机) to send radio waves into space. Scientists thought smart intelligent beings on other planets might pick up the signals.‎ Scientists have also sent a message about humans and our solar system to a nearby constellation (星座).But because the constellation is 25,000 light years away, a return message would reach the earth after 50,000 years! So don’t wait up for an answer.‎ So far, no extraterrestrial (境外的) beings that we know of have returned our “calls”. But according to Dr. Jill Tarter, an HRMS scientist, we haven’t exactly had our ears wide open. “Now, however,” says Dr. Tarter, “we’ve built the tools we need to listen well.”‎ Last October, Dr. Tarter switched on the largest radio receiver in the world. It’s an enormous metal bowl stretching 1,000 feet across a valley in Puerto Rico. Meanwhile, another NASA scientist turned on a huge radio receiver in California’s Mojave Desert. NASA hopes these big dishes and others around the world will pick up radio signals from a new world.‎ Dr. Frank Drake has been searching for life in outer space for years. He explains the HRMS project this way—To listen to your radio, you move the tuner on the dial until the channels come in loud and clear. Now imagine ‎ radio receivers that scan our galaxy “listening” to 14 million channels every second. That’s what NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are doing.‎ But that’s not all. Powerful computers hooked to the receivers examine every signal carefully. The computers try to match the signals to ones that scientists already recognise, such as human-made signals. If they can’t ,Drake and Tarter check on them. “It could prove there is radio technology elsewhere in the universe,” says Dr. Tarter. “And that would mean we’re not alone.”‎ ‎【语篇导读】美国宇航局开始了一项叫作高分辨率微波测量的新项目,试图利用接收器寻找来自银河系的无线电信号。‎ ‎1.NASA scientists started a new project in order to 　　　. ‎ A. send human beings into space B. confirm the number of galaxies C. discover life in other galaxies D. find evidence of a new galaxy 答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Its aim is to find evidence of life in one of the billions of galaxies in the universe.”可知,其目的就是寻找星系中存在其他生命的证据。‎ ‎2.Dr.Jill Tarter compares the new large receiver to 　　　. ‎ A. the universe B. a huge dish C. the human ear D. a metal bowl 答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But according to Dr. Jill Tarter, an HRMS scientist, we haven’t exactly had our ears wide open. ‘Now, however,’ says Dr. Tarter, ‘we’ve built the tools we need to listen well.’”可知,Dr. Jill把这个接收器比作人类的耳朵。‎ ‎3.According to Dr. Frank Drake, NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are 　　　. ‎ A. moving the tuner on the dial for clear channels B. picking up radio signals from new world C. trying to check on every channel carefully D. scanning the universe for possible signals 答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Now imagine radio receivers that scan our galaxy ‘listening’ to 14 million channels every second. That’s what NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are doing.”可知,无线电接收器正在尝试接收银河系的其他信号,来验证其他生命体的存在,所以选D项。‎ ‎4.The best title for this passage is 　　　. ‎ A. The Invention of New Radio Receivers B.NASA listens for Neighbours in Space C. Signals from Space D. Intelligent Life in Outer Space 答案　B解析　主旨大意题。美国宇航局认为,人类在宇宙中并不孤单。NASA开始了一项叫作高分辨率微波测量的新项目,试图利用接收器来寻找来自星系中的无线电信号。B项作标题可概括文章的主要内容。‎ ‎[九]‎ Early birds—people who feel most energetic in the morning tend to make healthier food choices throughout the day than night owls(夜猫子),according to a new study.‎ ‎“Evening types had more irregular meal times,” notes study author Mirkka Maukonen, studying human nutrition and obesity(肥胖) in Finland.‎ Her study focused on people’s risk of heart disease and their eating habits. Participants described when and what they had eaten during the past two days.‎ Maukonen’s team then looked at 1,854 people’s lifestyles. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that both morning and evening people consumed approximately the same number of calories over a whole day. However, night owls tended to eat their meals later than early birds. Before 10:00am,night owls consumed less food than early birds. More of their calories came from sugar. After 8:00pm,the night owls ate more sugar and fat. Meanwhile, early birds ate more protein during both the morning and the evening hours.‎ ‎“Night owls tend to be less healthy than early risers,” notes Courtney Peterson who studies diet and meal timing. “They are more likely to get heart disease or cancer. The fact that night owls tend to eat more junk food probably plays a role,” Peterson says. “Other factors(因素) also can ruin a night owl’s health. Night owls generally sleep worse,” says Peterson. “Poor sleep has been linked to unhealthy food choices.”‎ Peterson and Maukonen say night owls tend to have poor eating habits. But that doesn’t necessarily mean that being a night owl makes a person a poor eater. It could be the reverse—eating poorly could affect people’s sleep habits.‎ ‎“The new findings should serve as a wake-up call to night owls.For them, the new results should encourage paying attention to healthier lifestyle choices,” says Maukonen.‎ ‎【语篇导读】最新的研究表明,早起的人精力更充沛,饮食更健康。‎ ‎1. How did Maukonen do research about people’s risk of heart disease?‎ A. By living with them.‎ B. By studying their lifestyles.‎ C. By focusing on the laboratory data.‎ D. By looking at their consuming amount.‎ 答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第一句“Maukonen’s team then looked at 1,854 people’s lifestyles.”可知,他是通过观察人们的生活方式来进行研究的。‎ ‎2. What causes night owls to get heart disease more easily?‎ A. Exercising less.‎ B. Taking in less calories.‎ C. Unwillingness to eat.‎ D. Consumption of much unhealthy food.‎ 答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“They are more likely to get heart disease or cancer. The fact that night owls tend to eat more junk food probably plays a role”可知,“夜猫子”很可能得心脏病的原因是他们倾向于吃更多的垃圾食品。‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 6 mean?‎ A. Contrary. B. Similar.‎ C. Necessary. D. Powerful.‎ 答案　A解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中的“But that doesn’t necessarily mean that being a night owl makes a person a poor eater. It could be the reverse—eating poorly could affect people’s sleep habits.”可知,不是夜猫子导致了食欲不振,而是反过来饮食习惯不好影响了睡眠习惯。所以选A项。‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Never Eat at Night B. Be Positive to Your Life C. Early Birds Eat Better D. Can We Avoid Heart Disease?‎ 答案　C解析　主旨大意题。通读整篇文章可知,文章主要讲述了早起的人有更好的饮食习惯,所以应用C项作标题。‎ ‎[十]‎ Many of us have reached in our pockets, feeling a vibration(震动) and wrongly believing our mobile phones have just rung. The phenomenon even ‎ has a name—phantom vibration syndrome—and found it is surprisingly common.‎ Now scientists believe that we are so alert(警觉的) for phone calls and messages that we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms (痉挛) as proof of a call. Robert Rosenberger, an assistant professor at the Georgia Tech Institute of Technology has studied the delusional calls. He said sufferers described a vague tingling feeling which they thought was their mobile phone indicating it had received a text message or a call while on “silent”. But when the device was retrieved, there was no one on the other end.‎ Dr. Rosenberger said, “I find so many people say, ‘This happens to me, but I thought I was the only one. I thought I was odd.’ ”A 2010-study by Michael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 percent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations. A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 percent.‎ While the odd feeling is widespread, it does not seem to be considered as a grave problem. Dr. Rosenberger said, “It’s not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. That’s just the name that’s got stuck to it.” He added, “Only 2 percent of people consider it as a problem.”‎ While widespread, the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom of why we suffer phantom calls.‎ Dr. Rosenberger said, “People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy. The cognitive(认知的) scientists are talking about brain chemistry and cognitive pathways changing. But it’s not like they have brain scans to go on.” He said, “We have a phone call in our pocket all the time and it becomes sort of an extension of ourselves. We have this sort of readiness to experience a call. We feel something and we think, OK, that could be a call.”‎ ‎【语篇导读】这是一篇社会生活类文章。文章介绍了一种非常普遍的病症——震动幻听综合征。‎ ‎1. Why do some people mistake slight muscle spasms for a call?‎ A. They all have a vivid imagination.‎ B. They are sensitive to calls and messages.‎ C. There are few calls and messages in their life.‎ D. Slight muscle spasms affect them more than other people.‎ 答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Now scientists believe that we are so alert(警觉的) for phone calls and messages that we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms(痉挛) as proof of a call.”可知,‎ 科学家们认为我们对电话和短信如此警觉以至于我们会把轻微的肌肉痉挛误认为是电话,所以B项正确。‎ ‎2. Which of the following are more likely to have phantom vibration syndrome than others?‎ A. Doctors.‎ B. University professors.‎ C. College students.‎ D. The cognitive scientists.‎ 答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A 2010-study by Michael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 percent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations. A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 percent.”可知,大学生患有震动幻听综合征比医生要高;B、D两项文中未提及。‎ ‎3.In Dr. Rosenberger’s opinion, phantom vibration syndrome 　　　. ‎ A. isn’t a kind of disease actually B.is considered a problem by most people C.is a serious problem ignored by people D. has something to do with brain chemistry 答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It’s not actually a syndrome in a technical sense.”可知,Dr. Rosenberger认为,从专业角度来说,这并不是一种综合征。也就是说,他认为这并不是一种疾病。‎ ‎4. What does the text mainly talk about?‎ A. Most people have phantom vibration syndrome.‎ B. How to keep away from phantom vibration syndrome.‎ C. How to reduce phantom phone vibrations.‎ D.People care too much about phantom phone vibrations.‎ 答案　A解析　主旨大意题。第一段是文章中心段。该段主要介绍了震动幻听综合征是一种非常普遍的现象。大部分人都患有震动幻听综合征。下文简单分析了这种现象的原因以及科学家们对此的看法。分析选项可知,A项为最佳答案。‎ ‎[五]‎ Aruba is one of the most well-known Caribbean destinations for tourists around the world.‎ You’re probably wondering what to include as well as what to wear while you’re in Aruba.‎ Clothes The main reason why you’re heading there is to relax on the country’s fresh beaches and joy in warm waters of the Caribbean Sea. During most of the day, you’ll likely be wearing your swimsuit. When you’re finished at the beach or pool area, it is advisable to bring along a shirt or cover as well as shorts to wear.‎ It is not recommended to wear beach clothes when you go out for dinner – regardless of the time of day. Shorts and T-shirts are enough in many restaurants, although more formal clothes are advised for the fanciest eating establishments.‎ What else to bring?‎ The Caribbean sun is very strong and if you’re planning on spending lots of time in the sun, there are several precautions you must take. Include suncream, sunglasses, a wide hat, a couple of bathing suits, as well as a beach bag and a cooler in your luggage.‎ What NOT to bring?‎ While drinking water is questionable or not safe in many Caribbean nations, Aruba is an exception. Aruba is known for having the cleanest water in the world. There is no need to bring water, simply bring along an empty bottle.‎ Several items are prohibited in Aruba for carrying. These include firearms, e-cigarettes, as well as sharp objects and tools.‎ ‎21．Tourists choose Aruba for a destination mainly because .‎ A．they can wear casual clothes freely B． they can enjoy the beautiful scenery C． they can relax on the beach and in waters D．they can have a wonderful dinner party there ‎22．Which of the following is not advised to do in Aruba?‎ A．Wearing a T-shirt in a restaurant.‎ B． Preparing suncream in advance.‎ C．Wearing beach clothes for dinner.‎ D．Taking along sun glasses before going out.‎ ‎23．The purpose of the text is to .‎ A．provide information for tourists B． offer advice on travelling in Aruba C．attract more tourists to travel in Aruba D．warn tourists against doing wrong things 参考答案：21-23.CCB ‎[六]‎ Nearly 20 U.S. states have started carrying out former president Barack Obama's Clean Power Plan, which places limits on carbon dioxide emissions from power plants in an effort to reduce the impacts of climate change. The plan has been in legal limbo(边缘)for the past year. Yet scientists have now calculated another outcome of the policy: harm to crop沁Ids(产童)if the plan is cancelled. Along with carbon pollution, coal-fired power plants spew(喷出)pollutants that form what we know as smog. The contribution of smog to increased rates of asthma(哮喘)and premature deaths was already known. The new research estimates the extent to which smog, under air-pollution policies-in place before the Clean Power Plan, would limit production in 2020 of four major crops: com, cotton, potatoes and soybeans.‎ ‎ Led by environmental engineer Shannon L. Capps, now at Drexel University, the team also sketched the extent to which those crop production losses would reduce under three nationwide scenarios(方案).One improved the efficiency of individual power plants. Another modeled a policy similar to the Obama plan, setting state CO2 emissions goals for the electricity department. A third established a tax on carbon emissions, under which emissions fell the most. But the greatest drop in smog-forming pollutants-and greatest gains in crop yields-came from policies such as the Clean Power Plan.‎ ‎ Researchers calculated how well each scenario would reduce the potential productivity loss (PPL) of each crop. PPL is a projected value for 2020 and indicates how much crop growth would suffer because of smog. Scenario 2 most closely agrees with results expected from the Clean Power Plan.‎ ‎32. What's the main purpose of The Clean Power Plan?‎ ‎ A. To offer clean power. B. To limit CO2 emissions.‎ ‎ C. To slow climate change. D. To increase crop production.‎ ‎33. The latest research shows that smog may cause ‎ A. asthma B. early deaths ‎ C. heart disease D. crop production loss ‎34. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?‎ A. Scenario 3 was intended to increase taxes.‎ B. Scenario 2 increased crop yields most.‎ C. Scenario I didn't have any effect on crop yields.‎ D. The three scenarios were made at Drexel University.‎ ‎35. What's the best title of the passage?‎ A. U.S. states restart the Obama's Plan. B. The Clean Power Plan was called off.‎ C. Three scenarios benefit crop yields. D. Smog does harm to people's health.‎ 参考答案： ‎ ‎32-35 CDBA ‎32【答案】C ‎【解析】考查推理判断题，难度 中等。根据文章第一段“.......in an effort to reduce the impacts of climate change.”可知前总统奥巴马的 Clean Power Plan 是为了减少对气候变化的影响。‎ ‎33【答案】D ‎【解析】考查细节理解题，难度 难。根据文章第一段“The new research estimates the extent to which smog,.....would limit production in 2020 of four major crops.......”可知 smog 会导致农作物减产，故选 D。‎ ‎34【答案】B ‎【解析】考查推理判断题，难度 中。根据文章第二段“.Another modeled a policy similar to the Obama plan”以及最后一句 “...and greatest gains in crop yields—came from policies such as the Clean Power Plan.” 可知方案二对于农业产量的提升最有帮助。‎ ‎35【答案】A ‎【解析】考查主旨大意， 难度 中。根据文章第一段第一句“Nearly 20 U.S. states have started carrying out former president Barack Obama’s Clean Power Plan…，以及后文论证该计划对气候和农作物产量的益处可知 A为最佳标题。‎ ‎[七]‎ ‎ When you were at school, the last thing you probably wanted to do was spend your weekends going to work. There was homework to do, sport to play and fun to have. But our parents probably persuaded us to find a job to earn some money and get some life experience. When I was a teenager I had a paper round: delivering newspapers to people's homes. I then progressed to a Saturday job in a supermarket: stacking shelves and working at the checkout.‎ ‎ Today in the UK you are allowed to work from the age of 13, and many ‎ children do take up part-time jobs. It's one of those things that are seen almost as a rite of passage(成人仪式).It's a taste of independence and sometimes a useful thing to put on your CV(简历).Teenagers agree that it teaches valuable lessons about working with adults and also about managing their money.‎ ‎ Some research has shown that not taking up a Saturday or holiday job could be deleterious to a person later on. A 2015 study by the UK Commission on Employment and Skills found that not participating in part-time work at school age had been blamed by employer's organizations for young participating in part-time work at school age had been blamed by employer's organizations for young adults being ill-prepared for full-time employment, but despite this, recent statistics have shown that the number of schoolchildren in the UK with a part-time job has fallen by a fifth in the past five years.‎ ‎ So, does this mean that British teenagers are now afraid of hard work? Probably not. Some experts feel that young people feel going out to work will affect their performance at school, and they are under more pressure now to study hard and get good exam results-and a good job in the long term. However, Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, told BBC News that "Properly regulated控制的)part-time work is a good way of helping young people learn skills that they will need in their working lives." In reality, it's all about getting the right balance between doing part-time work and having enough time to study and rest ‎28. How did the author feel about doing part-time jobs on weekends when he was a teenager?‘‎ ‎ A. Unwilling. B. Interested. C. Delighted. D. Angry.‎ ‎29. Which of the following may NOT be the benefit of school children's doing part-time jobs?‎ ‎ A. Learning to be independent. B. Gaining some life experience.‎ ‎ C. Being prepared for future jobs. D. Spending what they earn as they like.‎ ‎30. What does the underlined word "deleterious" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A. Valuable. B. Harmful. C. Necessary. D. Impossible.‎ ‎31. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?‎ ‎ A. Students should spend all their time on studies.‎ ‎ B. Students should have as many part-time jobs as possible.‎ ‎ C. Doing part-time jobs must affect students' school results.‎ ‎ D. It's important for students to balance part-time jobs and studies.‎ 参考答案：28-31ADBD ‎28【答案】A ‎【解析】考查观点态度；难度 中。依据第一段 When you were at school, the last thing you probably wanted to do was spend your weekends going to work.可知。‎ ‎29【答案】D ‎【解析】考查细节理解；难度 难。依据第二段 It’s a taste of independence and sometimes a useful thing to put on your CV. …it teaches valuable lessons about working with adults and also about managing their money. 第三段 not participating in part-time work…ill-prepared for full-time employment.可知兼职会让学生们学会独立、获取阅历、为将来工作做好准备。‎ ‎30【答案】B ‎【解析】考查词义猜测；难度 易。依据划线词后调研内容（A 2015 study… found that …）可知。‎ ‎31【答案】D ‎【解析】考查推理判断；难度 中。依据最后一段 In reality, it’s all about getting the right balance between doing part-time work and having enough time to study and rest.可知。‎ ‎[八]‎ ‎ For most of her life, Suanne Laqueur’s passion for storytelling was shown on the dance floor.‎ ‎ Although Laqueur began writing at a young age, dancing always took center stage. She majored in dance and theater at Alfred University and taught at her mother's dance studio in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, for years. But when her mother was ready to retire and an opportunity opened for Laqueur to take over the studio, she realized she had no interest in taking on the business side of her art: "Owning a studio is a lot of work-financially, logistically. I love the teaching, the choreographing(编舞)，the staging, but I didn't want to own it"‎ ‎ Yet Laqueur's disinterest in running the studio changed when she became a self-published author. In the fall of 2013, she decided to pursue Self-publishing as a way of sharing her first completed novel with friends ‎ and family. During the process, she realized that following her true passion-telling stories through writing--made the business of the art worthwhile, and owning that business meant she could direct her writing career however she chose.‎ ‎ Starting with her second self-published novel, she began investing more time in marketing and building her audience. Her investment paid off. Since 2014, Laqueur, now 49, has self-published six novels, which collectively have hundreds of ratings and reviews on Goodreads. Her 2016 novel An Exaltation of Larks stole the show at the 25th Annual Writer's Digest Self-Published Book Awards, topping more than 2,300 entries to win the grand prize ‎"You have to write the most truthful story to you, and I think self-publishing allows that freedom," she says. "If you work with traditional publishing, it's more about what's marketable. There are trade-offs, which everyone will tell you, but by self-publishing I have control of the book, I have control of the story, and I'm cool with that."‎ ‎24. From Paragraph 2, we can learn that Laqueur_______·‎ A. wanted to own a publishing house ‎ B. didn't like teaching dancing in fact C. was a part-time writer when she was young ‎ D. was interested in running her mother's studio ‎25.What made Laqueur change her attitude to business?‎ ‎ A. Her mother's persuasion. B. Self-publishing her novels.‎ ‎ C. The desire to make money. D. Her own passion toward art.‎ ‎26. Which of the following can best replace the phrase "stole the show" in Paragraph 4?‎ A. became a failure. B. was shown to people.‎ C. got all the attention. D. was accidentally stolen.‎ ‎27. What can be inferred from what Laqueur's said?‎ ‎ A. She enjoys the way of self-publishing.‎ ‎ B. She will never use traditional publishing.‎ ‎ C. Traditional publishing only focuses on the market.‎ ‎ D. Self-publishing will replace traditional publishing.‎ 参考答案：24-27CBCA ‎24【答案】C ‎【解析】考查细节理解；难度 中等。依据第二段内容：Although Laqueur began ‎ writing at a young age, dancing always took center stage…. she realized she had no interest in taking on the business… I love the teaching.可知 C 项 正确。 25【答案】B ‎【解析】考查细节理解；难度 中等。依据文章第三段第一句可知 B 项正确；she realized that following her true passion—telling stories through writing.可知 D 项有误。‎ ‎26【答案】C ‎【解析】考查词义猜测；难度 中等。划线部分所在句句义为，她的 2016 年的小说《云雀的崛起》在第二十 五届年度作家文摘《自我出版图书奖》中夺冠。只有 C 项符合句义。‎ ‎27【答案】A ‎【解析】考查推理判断；难度 中等。依据最后一段 I think self-publishing allows that freedom…but by self-publishing I have control of the book, I have control of the story, and I’m cool with that.”可知 A 项正确。‎ ‎[九]‎ Wanted: A Personal Assistant ‎ I'm a very busy woman, looking for an assistant to help me with certain important tasks. This is not your average assistant job. What I'm looking for is someone to take care of some of my more personal business so that I may focus on my true passion: grocery shopping. Please apply if and only if you are willing and able to accomplish the following tasks:‎ ‎ Work I would love to have a nine-to-five job. However, I find sitting in an office all day unbearable. An ideal assistant would secure a high-paying office job and excel in that setting, even going so far as to eagerly accept every invitation to after-work drinks.‎ ‎ Go on family vacations I love my family, especially when I don't have to spend time with them. Thus, I will require my employee to attend all family vacations in my place. Since I'll miss out on spending time with my nephews, a good assistant will live-stream(直播)them for me the entire time while discreetly muting the live-stream whenever they start fighting.‎ ‎ Exercise I am determined to get in better shape but find working out strenuous and tiring. The right candidate will exercise for a minimum of an hour every day and allow me to reap the benefits of his or her vigorous activity.‎ ‎ Eat Just kidding-I love eating!‎ ‎ Date I'm looking for love but rind dating tedious and intimidating.‎ ‎ Ideally, my employee will get a drink with a potential mate so he or she can do the tiresome work of getting to know someone and deciding whether I'll like him. If the romantic candidate advances past a third date, I'd be willing to step in and proceed with the relationship from there, excluding birthdays, holidays, and other high-pressure situations.‎ Have a baby I'm eager to have a child, but being pregnant and giving birth seems hard.‎ Likewise, raising a child seems daunting. I'd prefer to spend an hour or two with my child each day while someone else tackles the incredible responsibility of childrearing. Once my child turns 18, I will happily assume all parenting duties, excluding any financial obligations.‎ ‎21.What is the author truly interested in?‎ A. Spending vacations. B. Going shopping.‎ C. Dating someone. D. Raising children.‎ ‎22.The personal assistant needs to do the following things for the author EXCEPT ‎ A. working out. B. going to work.‎ ‎ C. accompanying families. D. eating delicious food.‎ ‎23. What do you think is the purpose of the passage?‎ ‎ A. To warn. B. To inform. C. To amuse. D. To advertise.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎21-23BDC ‎21【答案】B ‎【解析】考查细节理解；难度 易。依据第一段…so that I may focus on my true passion: grocery shopping.可知。‎ ‎22【答案】D ‎【解析】考查细节理解；难度 中。依据 Eat Just kidding—I love eating!可知。‎ ‎23【答案】C ‎【解析】考查推理判断；难度 难。依据行文语言以及招募内容条件可推断文本目的在于戏谑娱乐。‎ ‎[十]‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎[六]‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎[七]‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎[八]‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎[九]‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎[十]‎ 参考答案：‎