2020届二轮英语特优复习专题一阅读第5讲课件

2020届二轮英语特优复习专题一阅读第5讲课件

专 题 突 破 第 二 部 分 第一板块　阅读 专题一　阅读理解 第 5 讲　结构 / 意图 / 态度 / 来源题 栏 目 导 航 02 高 考 例 析 03 追 踪 练 习 04 课 后 作 业 01 考 点 突 破 01 考 点 突 破 (2019 全国卷 Ⅲ ， D) Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0 － 25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined － or added － the symbols to get the reward. 02 高 考 例 析 Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers － 17 in this example. After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate( 低估 ) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value － sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction( 小部分 ) of the smaller number to it. “ This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains ， ” Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.” ( 　　 )1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them? A ． They fed them. B ． They named them. C ． They trained them. D ． They measured them. ( 　　 )2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment? A ． By drawing a circle. B ． By touching a screen. C ． By watching videos. D ． By mixing two drinks. ( 　　 )3.What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys? A ． They could perform basic addition. B ． They could understand simple words. C ． They could memorize numbers easily. D ． They could hold their attention for long. ( 　　 )4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A ． Entertainment. B ． Health. C ． Education. D ． Science. 【 语篇解读 】 这是一篇研究报告，文章开头第一段提出研究结论：猴子似乎有数字运算能力。第二、三段描写研究过程；第四、五段写研究发现；第六段重申研究发现。 【 思路点拨 】 1 ． C 　细节理解题。由第二段中的 “ A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys … as a reward. ” 可知，开始实验前应训练猴子，选项 C 符合题意。 2 ． B 　细节理解题。由文章第三段 “ If the monkeys touched … in this example. ” 可知，猴子通过触碰屏幕来获得奖励。 3 ． A 　推理判断题。由第四段中的 “ they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.” 可知猴子能做基本的计算。 故选 A 。 4 ． D 　材料来源题。本文叙述内容为社会科学实验，因此出现在报纸的科学版面，故选 D 。 (2018 全国卷 Ⅱ ， B) Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein ( 蛋白质 ), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein) ． Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants ( 抗氧化物质 ) ． The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries ( 樱桃 ), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream” ． For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer ,you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “ soft － serve ” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. ( 　　 )1.What does the author seem to like about cherries? A ． They contain protein. B ． They are high in vitamin A. C ． They have a pleasant taste. D ． They are rich in antioxidants. ( 　　 )2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A ． To make them smell better. B ． To keep their colour . C ． To speed up their ripening. D ． To improve their nutrition. ( 　　 )3.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A ． A dessert. B ． A drink. C ． A container. D ． A machine. ( 　　 )4. From which is the text probably taken? A ． A biology textbook. B ． A health magazine. C ． A research paper. D ． A travel brochure. 【 语篇解读 】 本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中介绍了人们热爱水果丰盛的 7 月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。 【 思路点拨 】 1 ． C 　细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中的“ As for cherries ( 樱桃 ), they are so delicious who cares( 至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢 ) ？”可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选 C 。 2 ． B 　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.” 可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选 B 。 3 ． D 　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的 “ they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below” 可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出 a juicer 就是一台机器。故选 D 。 4 ． B 　材料来源题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的月份，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用 a juicer 为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。故选 B 。 【 温馨提示 】 做词义猜测题时我们要注意观察，划线单词的构成结构。如本题被划线的单词是 juicer ，我们都知道 “ er ” 是单词的后缀。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如： cleaner 既可以表示清洁工，又可以表示清洁工具。根据下文中的意思，可以判断出本题中的 a juicer 是表示物。 03 追 踪 练 习 (2019 天津卷， D) Would you BET on the future of this man ？ He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning ， and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven － knows － what motives ， he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote ( 《 堂吉诃德 》 ). And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days ， while others go to seed long before? We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But ， if we are willing to learn ， the opportunities are everywhere. The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self － pity. We learn that however much we try to please ， some people are never going to love us － an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. With high motivation and enthusiasm ， we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos( 自我 ), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. Many of us equate( 视 …… 等同于 )“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence － whether they are driving a truck, or running a store — make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson. ( 　　 )1. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________ . A ． loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B ． age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C ． misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D ． disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success ( 　　 )2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A ． End one's struggle for liberty. B ． Waste one's energy taking risks. C ． Miss the opportunity to succeed. D ． Lose the interest to continue learning. ( 　　 )3.What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? A ． Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B ． Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C ． Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D ． Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. ( 　　 )4. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5? A ． A tough man can tolerate suffering. B ． A wise man can live without self － pity. C ． A man should try to satisfy people around him. D ． A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. ( 　　 )5. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A ． To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B ． To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C ． To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D ． To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. 【 语篇解读 】 本文以 Cervantes 为例，告诉我们不论多大年纪，都要努力过上有意义的人生。 1 ． B 　写作方法题。根据第二段中的 “ And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days ， while others go to seed long before ？ ” 可知这个故事开头，是为了说明年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选 B 。 2 ． D 　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的 “ I'm talking about people … come with passing years. ” 可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，划线部分指的就是 “ people who have stopped learning on growing ” ，意为 “ 失去继续学习的兴趣 ” 。故选 D 。 3 ． C 　推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “ Nothing surprises us. ” 和 “ if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere ” 可知应选 C 。 4 ． D 　写作意图题。通读第五段可知，我们学习各种东西来应对生活中遇到的事情，所以作者试图告诉我们 “ 一个人应该学习用适当的方式去对付生活 ” 。故选 D 。 5 ． A 　写作目的题。从文章第六段得知，作者在告诉读者如何过有意义的生活。故选 A 。 04 课 后 作 业 谢 谢 观 看