2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十九)记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关键

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十九)记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关键

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十九) 记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关键 以时间为顺序的记叙文是高考试题中较为简单的一种文体。在该类文体中往往含有两条重要线索：一个是时间的先后关联；另一个是在时间变化中的情节变化。高考试题往往以这些情节变化作为命题点。因此，在解答此类文体时要注意时间线是理解文章的助手，而情节线是解题的关键。‎ ‎[时间线⇨读文助手]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2017•浙江卷•A篇 ‎[情节线⇒解题关键]‎ 开端：时间1‎ ‎　　　 ‎ 承接：时间2‎ ‎　　　 ‎ 发展：时间3‎ ‎　　　 ‎ 发展：时间4‎ ‎　　　 ‎ 高潮：‎ 地点转换 ‎　　　 ‎ ‎　 　结局 ‎[1]Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ ‎[2]The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ ‎[3]The_cat’s_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.‎ ‎[4]In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ ‎[5]In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a wellknown painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ 情节1：初见端倪 本杰明在6岁时就展现出艺术天赋用猫毛自制画笔作画。‎ 情节2：新荷初见 本段承接上文，讲述了本杰明用猫毛制作画笔的事被父亲发现。‎ 情节3——艺术启蒙 本杰明的天赋引起了堂兄Mr.Pennington的注意，并得到帮助。(可解第22题)‎ 情节4——技艺提高 本杰明9岁时被堂兄Mr.Pennington带到了费城。‎ 情节5——技惊名人 在费城，本杰明开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家。‎ ‎(可解第23、24题)‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎22．What does the underlined sentence suggest?‎ A．The cat would be closely watched.‎ B．The cat would get some medical care.‎ C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ ‎23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin ？‎ A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B．He provided him with painting materials.‎ C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D．He taught him how to make engravings.‎ ‎24．Williams’ helped Benjamin to ________.‎ A．master the use of paints B．appreciate landscape paintings C．get to know other painters D．make up his mind to be a painter ‎[答案]　22.D　23.B　24.D ‎22．由题眼――→定位第3段，由“情节1＋情节3”得出答案。‎ ‎23．由题眼――→定位第5段，由“情节5”并结合此段首句得出答案。‎ ‎24．由题眼――→定位第5段，由“情节5”并结合结局可推知答案。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A In celebration of Women’s History Month, here are a few of the millions of women that have broken all conventional rules to make a difference in the world.‎ Susan B. Anthony Born on February 15,1820，Susan B．Anthony was a women’s rights activist in the US.She spent many years campaigning for women’s right to vote. Anthony was also against slavery, helping support the passage of the Civil War Amendments. She also lent her voice to the battle for equal pay and educational opportunities for all.‎ Anne Frank ‎ Anne Frank grew up in a happy family.However, things changed when Hitler came to power.Anne and her family were forced to hide inside a tiny house, where the young girl recorded her family’s fears and struggles.Even after all these years，her journal, Anne Frank：The Diary of a Young Girl, continues to be popular with people across all ages and cultures.‎ Aung San Suu Kyi Determined to bring democracy (民主) to Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi founded the National League for Democracy (NLD). Suu Kyi’s open displeasure with the government resulted in her spending much of the time between 1989 and 2010 in prison or under house arrest. In 1991, Suu Kyi received the Nobel Peace Prize. In 2015, five years after she had been freed, Suu Kyi’s NLD Party won a great victory in the general elections.‎ Malala Yousafzai Malala Yousafzai was born to a Pakistani educator and poet. When the Taliban declared that girls should not be educated, the world’s youngest Nobel Prize winner decided to challenge these ‎ unfair policies (政策). On October 9, 2012, she was shot and badly injured. Since recovering, Malala continues her fight for girls’ education. Her bravery is encouraging young people all over the world to stand up for what they believe is right.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位杰出女性。‎ ‎1．Who made a great contribution to women’s right to vote?‎ A．Anne Frank.　　　　　 　B．Malala Yousafzai.‎ C．Susan B. Anthony. D．Aung San Suu Kyi.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Susan B. Anthony部分的介绍“She spent many years campaigning for women’s right to vote.”可知答案。‎ ‎2．Why was Aung San Suu Kyi put into prison?‎ A．She refused to leave Myanmar.‎ B．She demanded that the democrats be freed.‎ C．She voiced dissatisfaction with the government.‎ D．She blamed the government for its economic policy.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Aung San Suu Kyi部分的介绍“Suu Kyi’s open displeasure with the government resulted in her spending much of the time between 1989 and 2010 in prison” 可知，昂山素季因为表达对政府的不满而被投入监狱。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can be used to describe the women mentioned in the text?‎ A．Brave and inspiring. B．Reliable and devoted.‎ C．Honest and responsible. D．Considerate and optimistic.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“here are a few of the millions of women that have broken all conventional rules to make a difference in the world”和文章中对四位女性的介绍可以推知，她们的英勇事迹激励了很多人。‎ B Henrietta Swan Leavitt was born on July 4, 1869, in Massachusetts.Little is known about her private life.As a college student, she studied a number of subjects and fell in love with astronomy.‎ Leavitt never married and was considered a serious woman with little time to waste on unimportant aspects of life.Her coworkers described her as pleasant and friendly, and much focused on the importance of the work she was doing.She began to lose her hearing as a young woman due to a condition that only worsened with time.‎ In 1893, she began working at Harvard College Observatory under the direction of astronomer E．C.Pickering.He directed a group of women, who were called “computers”．These “computers” conducted important astronomy research by studying photographic plates (照相底片) of the sky and cataloging (编目录) characteristics of stars.The women were not allowed to operate telescopes, which limited their ability to conduct their own research.They lived at a time when women’s contributions were undervalued or ignored.‎ Henrietta Leavitt continued her research until just before her death, always thinking of herself as an astronomer, despite her start as a nameless “computer” in Pickering’s department.While Leavitt was not officially recognized during her life for her work, Harlow Shapley, the astronomer who was the Harvard College Observatory director, did recognize her worth and made her head of Stellar Photometry in 1921.‎ At that time Leavitt was suffering from cancer, and she died at the same year. This prevented her from being recognized as a Nobel Prize owner for her contributions.After her death, her name ‎ was placed on a lunar crater (月球陨石坑), and asteroid (小行星) 5383 Leavitt carries her name.At least one book has been published about her and her name is usually mentioned as part of the history of astronomical contributions.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在大学的时候，Leavitt就对天文学产生了浓厚的兴趣。虽然那个年代存在对女性的歧视，但这并没有影响Leavitt取得非凡的成就。‎ ‎4．What can we learn about Leavitt?‎ A．She was hard to get along with.‎ B．She suffered from cancer in childhood.‎ C．She never regarded herself as an astronomer.‎ D．She became interested in astronomy at college.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“As a college student, she studied a number of subjects and fell in love with astronomy.”可知，Leavitt在大学期间就对天文学产生了兴趣。‎ ‎5．Why were the women regarded as “computers”？‎ A．They devoted themselves to science.‎ B．They were looked down upon by others.‎ C．They used to serve as working computers.‎ D．They knew nothing but photographic plates.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“They lived at a time when women’s contributions were undervalued or ignored.”可以推断出，她们被人们叫做“computers”是因为在那个年代，女性的成就是被人低估或忽视的。‎ ‎6．What happened after Leavitt’s death?‎ A．She was honored in a special way.‎ B．A Nobel Prize was awarded to her.‎ C．One of her books was published.‎ D．Her achievements were ignored.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“After her death, her name was placed on a lunar crater (月球陨石坑), and asteroid (小行星) 5383 Leavitt carries her name.”可知，Leavitt去世后人们用特别的方式纪念她。‎ ‎7．Which of the following can best describe Leavitt?‎ A．Devoted. B．Generous.‎ C．Reliable. D．Energetic.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，Leavitt热爱天文学，对工作认真，尽管生前没有得到应有荣誉但对工作兢兢业业，很有奉献精神。‎ C Born in London in 1825, Thomas Henry Huxley was one of the greatest men of the nineteenth century.In 1846 Thomas Henry Huxley was appointed assistant doctor aboard H．M.S. Rattlesnake.The ship had been asked to survey areas of the Great Barrier Reef and the neighboring seas.This gave Thomas Henry Huxley an opportunity to study animal life and was the start of his biological career.The voyage lasted four years, during which time he gathered much information on plankton (浮游生物)．‎ On his return from the voyage, Thomas Henry Huxley was made a member of the Royal Society in recognition of his scientific work.Although he continued to publish papers about plankton, his interest was turning towards vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals.For some time Thomas Henry Huxley and his workmates had been discussing the possibility that animal species had evolved (进化), ‎ one from another.No satisfactory theories had been put forward, but in 1859 Darwin’s Origin of Species appeared.Thomas Henry Huxley at once realized its importance and how the theory of natural selection provided “the working hypothesis (假说) we sought”．‎ For the rest of his life Thomas Henry Huxley struggled to ensure the full recognition of Darwin’s work.In 1863 Thomas Henry Huxley published Man’s place in Nature in which he compared man and great apes (猿)．He clearly showed similarities.‎ Despite his many achievements, he was given no award by the British state until late in his life.From about 1870, Thomas Henry Huxley was too involved in other things to continue actual research.He had always been interested in education.He pioneered the teaching of biology and his method of selecting “type animals” is still followed today.He spent the last ten years of his life writing essays mainly on biology.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国生物学家、教育家赫胥黎的生平以及他的主要科学研究。‎ ‎8．Why did Huxley go on the voyage?‎ A．To explore the deep sea.‎ B．To do research on sea animals.‎ C．To work as a doctor on the ship.‎ D．To gather information for his paper.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“In 1846 Thomas Henry Huxley was appointed assistant doctor aboard H．M.S.Rattlesnake.”可知，赫胥黎进行这次航行的最初目的是在船上担任助理医生。‎ ‎9．How did Huxley react to the theory of natural selection?‎ A．He had doubt about it.‎ B．He thought highly of it.‎ C．He couldn’t understand it.‎ D．He thought he developed it first.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Thomas Henry Huxley at once realized its importance and how the theory of natural selection provided ’the working hypothesis (假说) we sought’．”可知，赫胥黎很重视达尔文的自然选择学说。‎ ‎10．What do we know about Huxley’s book Man’s Place in Nature?‎ A．It discusses the importance of human beings.‎ B．It focuses on Darwin’s theory of natural selection.‎ C．It talks about the differences between man and apes.‎ D．It provides evidence about the evolution of man from apes.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，赫胥黎在他的著作《人类在自然界的位置》中比较了人类与猿之间的相似处，说明他们在进化过程中的联系。‎ ‎11．What can we learn about Huxley from the last paragraph?‎ A．He continued his research till his death.‎ B．He contributed a lot to biology teaching.‎ C．He never got awards for his achievements.‎ D．He became a good novelist late in his life.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He had always been interested in education.He ‎ pioneered the teaching of biology and his method of selecting ’type animals’ is still followed today.”可知，赫胥黎在生物教学方面做出了很大的贡献。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 In today’s fastpaced world, busy lifestyle easily puts stress on relationships.Disappointment is a fact of life.Sometimes other people will unavoidably disappoint you or let you down.__1__ But you don’t have to let it prevent you living a happy and successful life.The tips below can help you recover from the hurt or anger.‎ Allow your feelings.__2__ Don’t try to hide them, because it’s natural to feel disappointed when the people you trust don’t come through for you.Putting the feelings into words can help.‎ Figure out why you feel so let down or betrayed.__3__ Do you need understanding, support, commitment or consideration? Let yourself feel the disappointment of the unmet need and then accept it or come up with ways you can meet the unmet need for yourself. ‎ ‎__4__ Think about whether it would be useful to speak up about your feelings of disappointment or betrayal.If you decide to speak up, think about how you could do so mindfully rather than with angry reactions that can make things worse.‎ Set boundaries if you need to.If you’ve spoken up clearly and the person still doesn’t take responsibility or change their behavior, how can you best take care of yourself? __5__ Boundaries can help you feel emotionally safe, and they help restore your selfrespect.‎ A．Decide if you need to speak up.‎ B．You can’t stop people from letting you down.‎ C．Learn to be your own supporter and best friend.‎ D．Decide if this is someone you still want in your life.‎ E．Feeling refused or betrayed can cause sadness, anxiety or anger.‎ F．If you need practical help, consider turning to your parents or friends.‎ G．Think about what needs of yours aren’t being met by this person’s response.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当别人让你失望的时候，你该怎么办？本文作者提出了几点建议。‎ ‎1．选B　上文指出，在生活中，有时候别人会让你感到失望，这是无法避免的。由空后的But可知，本空与后面一句为意义上的转折关系。尽管你不能阻止别人让你失望，但你可以不让这样的失望阻碍你过快乐、成功的生活。‎ ‎2．选E　空后一句中的them即指该选项中提到的sadness, anxiety or anger等情感，故选E项。‎ ‎3．选G　本段首句提出建议：找出让你感到失望的原因。本空内容承接上句内容：想一想你的哪些需要没有被对方满足。你需要理解、支持、承诺，还是关心？本段最后一句中的the unmet need也是提示。‎ ‎4．选A　本空为本段的中心句：判断你是否应该大声说出来。本空后的两句都围绕speak up 这一方法展开说明，因此，speak up为关键词。‎ ‎5．选D　上句指出，即使你清楚地告诉他们你的失望，有的人还是不会负责任，依旧不改变。那你生活中还需要这样的人吗？你最好与他们划清界线，由此逻辑可判断选D项。‎