【英语】2020届二轮复习语法之谓语动词学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法之谓语动词学案

第5节　谓语动词 Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考 考查角度1　现在时 ‎1．(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members ____________(give) ten performances in the last three months.‎ ‎[解析]　考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故填has given。‎ ‎[答案]　has given ‎2．(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question ____________(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。‎ ‎[答案]　suggests/suggested/has suggested ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Since 2011, the country ________________(grow) more corn than rice.‎ ‎[解析]　考查现在完成时。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。‎ ‎[答案]　has grown ‎4．(2018·北京卷改编)China's highspeed railways ________________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.‎ ‎[解析]　考查现在完成时。根据句意：在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路已经从9 000公里增加到25 000公里。根据句中的“in the past few years”可知，此处用现在完成时。‎ ‎[答案]　have grown 考查角度2　过去时 ‎5．(2019·北京卷)On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ____________(voice) my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends？” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.”‎ ‎[解析]　考查一般过去时。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的 voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去时。故填voiced。‎ ‎[答案]　voiced ‎6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ____________(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.‎ ‎[解析]　考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。‎ ‎[答案]　recommended ‎7．(2019·天津卷) I ____________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his ‎ marriage, but I couldn't manage it.‎ ‎[解析]　考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在 Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn't”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时，故填had hoped。‎ ‎[答案]　had hoped ‎8．(2019·江苏卷) A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ____________(fall) in love with the people and culture there.‎ ‎[解析]　考查考查一般过去时。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时，故填fell。‎ ‎[答案]　fell ‎9．(2019·浙江卷) One study in America found that students' grades ____________(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是 after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去时，主句用一般过去时。故填improved。‎ ‎[答案]　improved ‎10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ____________(start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填started。‎ ‎[答案]　started ‎11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____________(mean) me no real harm.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎[答案]　meant ‎12．(2018·北京卷改编)—Hi ，I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around.‎ ‎—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just ____________(start) on Monday.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：——你好，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始在这工作的。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monday)发生的事。‎ ‎[答案]　started ‎13．(2018·江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ____________(carry out) in the past two years.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。本句中主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句中应该使用过去时态中的某种时态；根据句中的时间状语可知，应该使用完成时态，因此空处应用过去完成时。‎ ‎[答案]　had been carried out ‎14．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months...Later, engineers ____________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。根据语境和句子的时间状语Later以及从句的谓语动词became可知，这里用一般过去时。‎ ‎[答案]　managed 考查角度3　将来时 ‎15．(2019·浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____________(have) to worry about fashion(时尚)．‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。‎ ‎[答案]　will have/has ‎16．(2019·江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ____________(install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在 2022年北京冬奥会之前安装 5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态 ，故填will have been installed。‎ ‎[答案]　will have been installed ‎17．(2018·江苏卷)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we ____________(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.‎ ‎[解析]　考查将来完成时。根据句意：在2025年我们有望不再互相发邮件，因为到那时候我们将已经开发了更加便利的电子沟通工具了。根据句中的时间状语2025可知，空处应用将来完成时。‎ ‎[答案]　will have developed 考查角度4　被动语态的基本用法 ‎18．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our weeklong stay, we ____________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.‎ ‎[解析]　考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“On the last day of our weeklong stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。‎ ‎[答案]　were invited ‎19．(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以就用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was given。‎ ‎[答案]　was given ‎20．(2018·北京卷改编)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ____________(trap) in the mountains for two days.‎ ‎[解析]　‎ 考查时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山区两天的游客。根据语境可知，此处应用被动语态，且此处表示在过去动作之前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎[答案]　had been trapped ‎21．(2018·浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I ____________(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock与主语为逻辑上的被动关系，同时根据后面的learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，故填was shocked。‎ ‎[答案]　was shocked ‎22．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt ____________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态和语态。句意：当脂肪和食盐被从食物中去掉之后，食物尝起来就好像失去了什么一样。根据句意可知fat and salt和动词remove为逻辑上的动宾关系；由主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎[答案]　are removed ‎23．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah ____________(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态和语态。句意：Sarah被告知，她能够成为英国新超模，在第二年便可收入一百万美元。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，tell与主语Sarah是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，故填was told。此处也可用现在完成时的被动语态，强调对现在造成的影响。‎ ‎[答案]　has been told/was told 考查角度5　wish从句虚拟语气 ‎24．(2018·江苏卷改编)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________________(have) a second chance to become more involved.‎ ‎[解析]　考查虚拟语气。根据“There is a good social life in the village”可知，时间的着眼点是现在，因此wish后的从句中的虚拟语气是对现在的虚拟，故填had。‎ ‎[答案]　had 考查角度6　If虚拟语气 ‎25．(2019·江苏卷) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ____________(have) a good time together.‎ ‎[解析]　考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should(would, could, might)＋现在完成时＋其他，故填would have had。‎ ‎[答案]　would have had ‎26．(2019·天津卷) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.‎ ‎[解析]　考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句The workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句： If ‎＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should(would, could, might)＋现在完成时＋其他， 故填would have accomplished。‎ ‎[答案]　would have accomplished ‎27．(2018·北京卷改编)They might have found a better hotel if they ____________(drive) a few more kilometers.‎ ‎[解析]　考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果他们再开几公里，他们可能会找到更好的旅馆。根据语境可知，此处表示对过去事实的假设，从句中应该用过去完成时。‎ ‎[答案]　had driven Step2 知识储备·抓重破难补短板 时态 一、三种现在时态的异同与对比 所谓现在时态，就是和我们当下的时间(即此时此刻)有着密切联系的时态。从其所发生的具体时间细分开来，又可分为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时。‎ ‎1．一般现在时常用的四种情况 ‎(1)表示习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态，常与usually，often，sometimes，every day，now and then等标志词连用。‎ ‎(2)表示不受时间限制的客观事实、客观规律或真理。‎ ‎(3)表示按时间表或时刻表已经拟定好或安排好的将要发生的事情或动作，这一动作不因个别人的意愿而改变。如：go，come，leave，arrive，start等。‎ ‎(4)在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中代替一般将来时。‎ ‎①(2019·考试大纲调研卷四)At the end of the film ____________(come) international rescue teams who help the Chinese team and give a final try to save Earth.‎ ‎[答案]　come ‎2．现在进行时所适用的两类动作 ‎(1)表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由“am/is/are＋现在分词” 构成。请注意以下现在分词的变化形式：‎ 情况 变化规则 例词 以不发音的e结尾的动词 去e再加 ‎ing have→having face→facing take→taking write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写该 辅音字 母再加 ‎ing cut→cutting put→putting swim→swimming begin→beginning 以ie结尾的动词 变ie为y 再加ing lie→lying tie→tying die→dying ‎(2)现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go，come，leave，stay，start，arrive，land，meet，move，return，stop，do等。‎ ‎②(2019·考试大纲调研卷八)From pioneering business principles, to facing down sexism, the brilliant businesswomen ____________(reinvent) enterprise once again and beating all the challenges.‎ ‎[答案]　are reinventing ‎③(2019·江西三名校高三联考)These lifestyles __________(become) more wellknown in the UK.‎ ‎[答案]　are becoming ‎3．现在完成时常用于以下三种情形 ‎(1)表示动作或状态发生或存在于说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。常用的时间状语有：‎ lately 近来 recently 最近 so far 到目前为止 by now 到现在 up to/till now 直到现在 in the last/past few days/years 在过去的几天/年里 ‎④(2019·太原市高三测评)So far, the government ____________(offer) tax reduction for bookstores to encourage the development of physical bookstores.‎ ‎[答案]　has offered ‎(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，常用的时间状语有：since＋时间点，for＋时间段。‎ ‎⑤(2019·绵阳市高中第一次诊断性考试)Since then, it _______(help) more than 22,000 children in Africa, Asia and Latin America.‎ ‎[答案]　has helped ‎(3)在“It(This)is the first/second/third...time＋that 从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。‎ ‎⑥(2018·山西联考)It is the first time that he ____________(go) abroad.‎ ‎[答案]　has gone 二、四种过去时态的应用规律 ‎1．一般过去时的应用规律 表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last year，last night，the other day，just now，then，two days ago，in 1999，at the time等。‎ ‎⑦(2019·昆明市高三复习诊断测试)At that time, everyone liked to copy the king, he ____________(become) a fashion star.‎ ‎[答案]　became ‎2．过去进行时应用的三种情形 ‎(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或一直在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有：at this/that time＋过去时间，at... o'clock＋过去时间，from... to...＋过去时间，those days那些日子，just now刚才。‎ ‎⑧(2019·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)The map, with a large amount of geographic information, proves that China ____________(have) the world's best mapping techniques at that time.‎ ‎[答案]　had ‎(2)表示过去按计划、安排要做的事，常用于短暂性动词，多用于从句中。常见的该类动词有：go去，come来，leave离开，start开始，arrive到达，return返回，work工作。‎ ‎⑨(2019·石家庄高中毕业班模拟考试二)I got up early that morning and prepare lots of food in my lunchbox and then I went to Kevin's home to pick him up.____________‎ ‎[答案]　prepare→prepared ‎(3)表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。‎ ‎⑩(2019·武汉市高中毕业生五月训练题)Before bed she eat a bag of baked potato chips, which she thought were healthier than normal chips, even if they had roughly the same quantity of calories.____________‎ ‎[答案]　eat→ate ‎3．过去将来时的概念理解 过去将来时是指以过去的某一时间为参照物将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。除了使用“was/were＋doing” 外，还可以使用“would＋do” 的形式。‎ ‎⑪(2019·长沙市高三年级统一模拟考试)When we read a poem, we often imagine what the poets ____________(think) when they wrote or what they were doing at the time.‎ ‎[答案]　were thinking ‎4．过去完成时的四种适用情形 ‎(1)表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。‎ ‎⑫(2019·贵阳市高三适应性考试二)I was impressed that she has apparently been using the calendar app to stay organized.____________‎ ‎[答案]　has→had ‎(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，这一动作或状态可能一直持续到过去这一时刻，也可能将继续下去。常用的时间状语有：by then 到那时为止，by that time 到那时候，by the end of...(过去时间) 到……(年/月)底，until then 直到那时，by the time＋从句(过去时) 到……时候。‎ ‎⑬(2019·重庆抽测)We ____________(learn) over two thousand English words by the end of last term.‎ ‎[答案]　had learnt ‎(3)intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等动词的过去完成时，可表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜之情。‎ ‎⑭We ____________(hope) that you would come, but you didn't.‎ ‎[答案]　had hoped ‎(4)在Hardly/Scarcely...when...及No sooner...than...(一……就……)引导的固定句型中，主句常用过去完成时且用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎⑮Hardly ____________(open) the door when he hit me.‎ ‎[答案]　had I opened 三、 将来时态的用法 ‎1．一般将来时的4种应用句式 ‎(1)“will/shall＋动词原形” ‎ 表示不含主观因素，单纯的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，例如：later on 后来，before long 不久以后，很快，next week/month/year 下周/下个月/明年，the day after tomorrow 后天。‎ ‎⑯(2019·南昌市重点中学高三段考)If someone dares to open your wallet without permission, a little camera inside ____________(take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone.‎ ‎[答案]　will take ‎(2)be going to do表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。‎ ‎⑰(2019·福州高三抽测)Look at the clouds. It ____________(rain)．‎ ‎[答案]　is going to rain ‎(3)be to do表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。‎ ‎⑱(2019·长沙市统一模拟)You ____________(hand) in your papers by 10 o'clock.‎ ‎[答案]　are to hand ‎(4)be about to do表示立即要发生的动作，意为“正要”。‎ ‎⑲(2019·昆明复习诊断测试)Work ____________(start) on a new factory building before long.‎ ‎[答案]　is about to start ‎2．将来进行时的概念 表示将来某个时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。其结构为：will/shall be doing。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，例如：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow明天/后天的这个时间，(by) then那时，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow明天/后天从1：30到4：30。‎ ‎⑳(2019·太原考试)What will you ____________(do) at this time next Monday?‎ ‎[答案]　be doing 语态 主动形式表示被动意义的3种情况 ‎1．不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：happen/take place/occur (to) 发生，remain 剩下，break out 爆发，last 持续，come out 出版，come up 被提出，lose heart 失去信心，date back to 追溯到，run out 用完。‎ ‎①(2019·合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测)There was a time when face blindness ____________(think)to be rare.‎ ‎[答案]　was thought ‎2．read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，catch，draw，cut，photograph，peel等表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的词，常与well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ ‎②(2018·保定模拟)This kind of wool shirt ____________(feel) soft and ____________(sell) well.‎ ‎[答案]　feels; sells ‎3．smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove，turn out，wear，blow等常用作连系动词，后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表被动意义。‎ ‎③(2019·西藏月考)The flower ____________(smell) sweet.‎ ‎[答案]　smells 虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事 实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事 实相反 过去式(be用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 混合 条件句 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整 含蓄 条件句 有时假设的情况不以条件从句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)表示条件 错综 虚实句 ‎①用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气 ‎②虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况” ‎ ‎①(2019·考试大纲调研卷七)____________(be) you interested, you could examine some interesting knowledge of physics behind hulalooping using just a pencil and a rubber band.‎ ‎[答案]　Were 二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用 ‎1．wish后面的宾语从句 ‎(1)表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；‎ ‎(2)表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；‎ ‎(3)表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could＋动词原形。‎ ‎②(2015·天津卷改编)I wish I ____________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ ‎[答案]　had been ‎2．would rather后面的宾语从句 ‎(1)表示与现在或将来事实相反时从句用一般过去时；‎ ‎(2)表示与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎③(2014·陕西卷改编)We would rather our daughter ____________(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.‎ ‎[答案]　stayed ‎3．表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词的宾语从句和同位语从句常用“should＋动词原形” 结构，should可省略。‎ 一主张insist ‎ 二命令order, command ‎ 三建议suggest, advise, recommend ‎ 四要求request, require, ask, demand ‎ 外加一个敦促urge ‎ ‎④(2019·考试大纲调研卷六)Samaranch advised that China ________(be) a candidate to host the Olympics.‎ ‎[答案]　(should) be ‎4．定语从句 It's (high/about) time (that)．..句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形(其中should不可省略)，意为“确实到了……的时候了”。‎ ‎⑤(2018·潍坊中学模拟)It is time I ____________(do) something in return for their love.‎ ‎[答案]　did/should do ‎5．as if 引导的状语从句 ‎(1)表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时；‎ ‎(2)表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。‎ ‎⑥(2018·肇庆市模拟)He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing ____________(happen)．‎ ‎[答案]　had happened Step3 增分攻略·献计献策献妙招 一、谓语动词的时态、语态在语法填空中的审题、‎ 解题口诀 动作时间记心怀，过去现在与将来，‎ 又分进行与完成，一般情形属现在。‎ 时间状语是指南，平行谓语两边排。‎ 固定句型时态“死”，分析到位错何来？‎ ‎[操作技法1]　分析句子结构 看句子结构，确定句中是否缺少谓语。如果缺少谓语动词，则是考查动词的时态或语态。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·陕西部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon ____________(find) a deeper appreciation for this season.‎ ‎[解析]　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Last weekend”和and前面的“went”可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事，故填found。‎ ‎[答案]　found ‎[操作技法2]　分析关系 ‎ 看主语与谓语之间是逻辑上的主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·惠州高三第一次调研考试)Longjing tea, which has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape, ____________(name) after its production region—Longjing Village of West Lake.‎ ‎[解析]　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处主语Longjing tea与动词name之间为被动关系且叙述一般性的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎[答案]　is named ‎[操作技法3]　要注意主谓一致 要注意主语是单数形式还是复数形式，同时还要根据语境考虑谓语动词用单数还是复数。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底)I believe that the key to a successful study abroad ____________(be) the attitude you carry.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态和主谓一致。该句的主语为the key，为单数形式，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是一般性的情况，应用一般现在时，故空处用is。句意为：我认为成功的出国留学的关键在于你的态度。‎ ‎[答案]　is 二、谓语动词的虚拟语气在语法填空中的审题、‎ 解题口诀 虚拟语气，愿望难成；‎ 违背事实，时态后退。‎ ‎[操作技法1]　分析虚拟条件句，掌握虚拟语气的各种表现形式 虚拟条件句的表现形式非常灵活，有时省略连词if，把从句中的were, had或should提前；有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件从句，而是用without, but for等介词(短语)或者用but, or, otherwise等词来引出虚拟条件。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·江西赣中联考)We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____________(be) late.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：我们打的去的机场，要不然就迟到了。根据语境可知，后一句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语应用would have been。‎ ‎[答案]　would have been ‎[操作技法2]　体会时间概念，准确应用虚拟语气中条件从句与主句的形式 在虚拟语气中，有时候条件状语从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整，即依据各自的时间，使用正确的形式。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·衡水中学模拟)If you hadn't taken such a long time to get dressed, we ____________(be) there by now.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么长时间的话，我们现在就到那里了。从句用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，而主句与现在情况相反，这时主句的谓语形式应该用would/should/could/might＋do。‎ ‎[答案]　would/should/could/might be ‎1．看时间状语定时态 ‎(1)看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等要想到用一般现在时。‎ ‎(2)看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day, one rainy day等要想到用一般过去时。‎ ‎(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等要想到用一般将来时。‎ ‎(4)看到all the time, at present, now, at this moment等要想到用现在进行时。‎ ‎(5)看到already, just, yet, so far, for＋一段时间；since＋过去时间点或ever since; in/over/during/for the last/past＋一段时间等要想到用现在完成时。‎ ‎(6)看到by，by the end of, by the time等后接过去时间点要想到用过去完成时。‎ ‎2．记特定句型定时态 ‎(1)be doing... when...，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。‎ ‎(2)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...表示“自从……以来已经……”，since从句中用一般过去时。‎ ‎(3)This/That is the first/second... time that...表示“这/那是……第几次……”，后面的从句要用现在完成时。‎ ‎(4)It's (high) time that... did/should do sth. 表示“到了……该做某事的时间了”。‎ ‎(5)would rather that ‎(6)表示“命令，建议”的词引导从句时，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎3．看主谓关系定语态 动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：‎ ‎(1)主语和谓语的关系一般分为两种：主动关系和被动关系。主动关系使用主动语态，被动关系使用被动语态。‎ ‎(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be done。‎ ‎(3)先考虑语态，再考虑时态。‎ ‎(4)主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。‎ Step4 刷题训练·练稳练准练速度 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·广东佛山二模)During this time I learned a lot ____________ my manager. She was quite inspiring and taught me how to solve problems by looking at things in a different way.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。句意：在这段时间，我从经理那里学到了很多……。learn sth. from sb.意为“从某人那里学到某事”。‎ ‎[答案]　from ‎2．(2019·福建福州二模)He'll swim about 5 to 12 hours each day, depending ____________ the weather.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。句意：他每天将会游大约5到12个小时，这取决于天气。depend on/upon意为“依靠；取决于”。‎ ‎[答案]　on/upon ‎3．(2019·四川绵阳三诊)Actually, having a fear of heights is also good because it protects us ____________ real danger.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。句意：事实上，恐高症也是有好处的，因为它保护我们免受真正危险的伤害。protect... from/against...意为“保护……免受……的伤害”。‎ ‎[答案]　from/against ‎4．(2019·湖南长沙一中月考)The landscape is mainly made ____________ of plateaus(高原) with mountain peaks and ice fields，making it a paradise for outdoor activities.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。句意：地形主要由高原、山峰和冰地构成，使它成为户外运动的天堂。be made up of...意为“由……组成，构成”。‎ ‎[答案]　up ‎5．(2019·江西赣中南五校联考)Plastic plates, cups and containers take ____________ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America's landfills.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。句意：塑料盘子、杯子和容器占据了美国废弃物填埋场20%到30%的空间。take up意为“占据(一定的时间或空间)。”‎ ‎[答案]　up ‎6．(2019·河北唐山二模)The first Pi Day ____________(celebrate) on March 14,1988.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态语态。句意：第一个圆周率日是在1988年3月14日庆祝的。根据时间状语on March 14,1988可知，应用一般过去时；且celebrate与Pi Day之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。‎ ‎[答案]　was celebrated ‎7．(2019·辽宁六校联考)When we got home，she was fine except that all her books ________________(throw) out of the window.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态语态。句意：当我们到家的时候，除了她所有的书被扔在了窗外，她还好。根据句意可知，“书被扔”发生在“我们回家”之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时的被动语态；此处也可理解为发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎[答案]　had been thrown/were thrown ‎8．(2019·湖南衡阳一中月考三)When some waste chemicals ____________(put) into the sea, it can hurt or kill animals and fish.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态语态。句意：当一些废弃的化学品被投进海里时，会伤害或杀死动物和鱼类。主语some waste chemicals与动词put之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据主句时态可知，从句应用一般现在时。‎ ‎[答案]　are put ‎9．(2019·浙江杭州五校联考改编)According to Charles Keeling, the amount of carbon dioxide ____________(increase) sharply and steadily over the forty years between 1957 and 1997.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：根据查尔斯·基林的说法，在1957年和1997年之间的40年里，二氧化碳的含量急剧而持续地增加。该句时间状语为between 1957 and 1997，表示过去的时间，故该句要用一般过去时。‎ ‎[答案]　increased ‎10．(2019·江西上饶三模)On the first warm day, the ants are out. If it ____________(turn) ‎ ‎ cold again, they'll dive back down.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：在第一个温暖的日子，蚂蚁们外出。如果天气又转凉，它们就会回到地下。根据“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。‎ ‎[答案]　turns ‎11．(2019·安徽蚌埠二模改编)It's natural for even the best athletes to miss the medals they ____________(train) for and, therefore, understandable for them to cry when they lose.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：甚至是最优秀的运动员也会与他们为之长期训练的奖牌失之交臂，这是很自然的，因此当他们失利时痛哭也是情理之中的。they have trained for在句中作定语，表示“一直以来为之训练”，故用现在完成时。‎ ‎[答案]　have trained ‎12．(2019·江苏淮安二模改编)Global oil prices ____________(fall) since June as demand weakens in China and Europe while output in the United States grows steadily.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：由于中国及欧洲对石油需求量减弱而美国石油输出稳固增长，所以自从6月份以来全球的石油价格一直在下跌。根据时间状语since June可知，此处表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎[答案]　have been falling ‎13．(2019·安徽黄山检测改编)Sorry. I didn't answer your phone, for I ____________(negotiate) with a trade partner from Tanzania.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：对不起，我没有接你的电话是因为(那时)我正与来自坦桑尼亚的生意伙伴在谈判。根据前后句语境可知，negotiate是对方打电话的时候正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时。‎ ‎[答案]　was negotiating ‎14．(2019·福建龙岩质检改编)Over the last few years, the number of students participating in volunteer programs ____________ (increase) sharply in our school.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，我们学校参加志愿项目的学生人数急剧上升。根据时间状语over the last few years可知应用现在完成时。‎ ‎[答案]　has increased ‎15．(2019·广东实验中学段考)Modern teaching equipment as well as tens of computers ____________(send) to the village school last week.‎ ‎[解析]　考查时态语态。句意：现代化的教学设备和数十台电脑在上周被送往这所乡村学校。as well as连接两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词的数应与前面的名词保持一致；根据时间状语last week可知应用一般过去时，且equipment与send之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。‎ ‎[答案]　was sent Ⅱ.语篇语法填空 ‎(2019·唐山一中高三期中考试)Qiang Shuping was so busy making cloth shoes 1.____________ she didn't even rest during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday. The woman from Baipu County, Jiangsu Province, 2.____________(make) shoes since she was 19 years old, and this year marks her 31st year making cloth shoes.‎ She spends the entire day in her tiny studio, which measures less than 10 square meters ‎ altogether, filled with cloth shoes in 3.____________(vary) stages of completion.‎ Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes 4.____________(use) machines, but Qiang sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely 5.____________ hand. She says the shoes 6.____________(produce) by the machine are not of the same quality as handmade ones. The handmade cloth shoes are more durable and comfortable, 7.______________(soft), and absorb sweat better.‎ Some people buy cloth shoes out of nostalgia(怀旧), while 8.______________ trust their quality. Making shoes isn't 9.____________ profitable job, but Qiang still insists as she wants to preserve the craft and pass it down to the younger generation.‎ Handmade cloth shoes are also called qiancengdi (shoes with a thousand layers)，10.____________ can date back to the ancient Zhou Dynasty. In 2009, the making technique of qiancengdi was listed as the national intangible cultural heritage.‎ 语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了强淑萍手工做布鞋的故事，并介绍了布鞋的特点以及布鞋的悠久历史。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查固定搭配。so...that...“如此……以致于……”，引导结果状语从句。句意：强淑萍忙着做布鞋以至于在端午节假期期间她都没有休息。故填that。‎ ‎[答案]　that ‎2．[解析]　考查时态。根据since she was 19 years old可知，她从19岁开始做布鞋，一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，故用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填has made/has been making。‎ ‎[答案]　has made/has been making ‎3．[解析]　考查形容词。空处修饰名词stages，故用形容词形式。句意：装满了处于不同阶段的布鞋。故填various。‎ ‎[答案]　various ‎4．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语 many stores和动词use之间为主谓关系，use的动作伴随make动作而发生，故用现在分词。句意：如今，许多商店用机器制造布鞋。故填using。‎ ‎[答案]　using ‎5．[解析]　考查介词。固定搭配：by hand“手工”。句意：但强淑萍坚持完全用手工技术制作鞋子。故填by。‎ ‎[答案]　by ‎6．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。名词shoes 和produce 之间是动宾关系，该处表示动作已经完成，故用过去分词作后置定语。句意：她说机器生产的鞋子和手工制作的鞋子质量不一样。故填produced。‎ ‎[答案]　produced ‎7．[解析]　考查形容词比较级。根据前面的more durable和后面的better可知此处用比较级。句意：手工布鞋耐用舒适，柔软，吸收汗水更好。故填softer。‎ ‎[答案]　softer ‎8．[解析]　考查代词。这里others和前面的some people对比使用，表示“有些”的意思。句意：而一些人则相信它们的品质。故填others。‎ ‎[答案]　others ‎9．[解析]　考查冠词。名词job为单数可数名词，故前用不定冠词a。句意：做鞋子不是赚钱的工作。故填a。‎ ‎[答案]　a ‎10．[解析]　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为qiancengdi，故用which引导该定语从句。句意：手工布鞋也称为“千层底”，可以追溯到古代的周朝。故填which。‎ ‎[答案]　which 专题强化训练(六)‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 A ‎(2019·高三考前仿真适应训练)In September, in Britain, you may see a lot of swallows. They are gathering together because, very soon, they will be flying south to much 1.______________(warm) lands, where they will find plenty of small flying insects on 2.____________ they feed. There are no such insects about in Britain during the winter, as it is too cold 3.______________ them.‎ The swallows settle, fly off, dash, and settle again. This they do many times, for they are making short practicing 4.______________(flight) in order to be fit for the long journey ahead of them.‎ Flocks of these 5.______________(migrate) birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly 6.______________(steady) for hundreds of miles before they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them die in the 7.____________(storm) weather they meet with on the way.‎ In the spring of the following year they make the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They get 8.____________(settle) on the same barn or tree in the same district which they 9.______________(leave) the previous autumn.‎ Nobody knows exactly how these birds find their way there and back over such vast distance, but it has something 10.______________(do) with winds and air currents.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国燕子的迁徙。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查形容词比较级。句意：它们聚集到一起是因为不久之后它们将飞往南方比较温暖的地方。根据语境可知此处应用形容词的比较级。故填比较级形式warmer。‎ ‎[答案]　warmer ‎2．[解析]　考查定语从句。句意：在那里，它们会发现大量的小飞虫，它们以此为食物。根据语境及句型结构可知，此处应用on which引导定语从句，which代替上文提到的 insects。故填关系代词which。‎ ‎[答案]　which ‎3．[解析]　考查介词。句意：因为对它们来说，英国的冬天太冷了。此处用介词for表示“对……来说”。故填for。‎ ‎[答案]　for ‎4．[解析]　考查名词复数。句意：它们正在做短程的飞行训练。根据语境可知，此处飞行不止一次，故填名词的复数形式flights。‎ ‎[答案]　flights ‎5．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意：在秋天的时候，这些成群迁徙的鸟儿离开英国。根据句意可知，birds与动词migrate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填现在分词migrating。‎ ‎[答案]　migrating ‎6．[解析]　考查副词。句意：在它们到达非洲温暖的地方之前，它们要平稳地飞行数百英里。此处应用副词修饰动词。故填副词steadily。‎ ‎[答案]　steadily ‎7．[解析]　考查形容词。句意：但是并不是所有的鸟儿都会到达那儿，因为途中有许多鸟儿在遇到的暴风雨天气中死去。根据空前的the以及空后的weather可知，此处修饰名词应用形容词。故填形容词stormy。‎ ‎[答案]　stormy ‎8．[解析]　考查被动语态。空处位于系动词get后，应用过去分词形式，get settled意为“定居下来”。故填过去分词settled。‎ ‎[答案]　settled ‎9．[解析]　考查动词的时态。句意：它们在同一地区相同的谷仓或树上定居下来，那是它们前一年秋天离开的地方。根据句意可知，此处“离开”是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填过去式left。‎ ‎[答案]　left ‎10．[解析]　考查固定短语。句意：但是，这和风以及气流有关。句中动词短语have something to do with意为“与……有关”，为固定短语。故填不定式to do。‎ ‎[答案]　to do B ‎(2019·甘肃会宁第一中学月考)I started working as a volunteer for the City of Surrey this summer. I did this because I've always enjoyed 1.____________(help) people in any way I can. I thought if I became a volunteer for the City of Surrey, I would be able to achieve that goal. And being a volunteer for the City of Surrey 2.____________(real) helped me branch out in many different directions. I volunteered over 256 hours of 3.______________(serve) during the summer helping with day camps, teen dances and so on.‎ I worked hard and did my best to show everyone that this is 4.____________ I love to do. I started by taking every course 5.____________(offer) through the volunteer program and then began to apply for paid positions. By the end of the summer I 6.____________(hire) as a dance instructor. Working for the City of Surrey has provided me with so many opportunities ‎ 7.______________ would not have presented themselves anywhere else. I got a wellpaid job much 8.______________(early) than I had expected.‎ I was 9.____________ (thank) that I had been given the chance 10.____________(work) for such an amazing city and do my part to make it the best it can be.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者今年暑假参加了志愿者工作，增强了多方面的能力，作者因此找到了报酬丰厚的工作。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意：我做志愿者工作，因为我喜欢帮助别人。enjoy后跟动名词作宾语。故填helping。‎ ‎[答案]　helping ‎2．[解析]　考查词性转换。句意：当一名志愿者真的在很多方面提高了我的能力。修饰动词需要用副词。故填really。‎ ‎[答案]　really ‎3．[解析]　考查词性转换。句意：在整个暑假，我当志愿者干了256个小时的服务工作。of是介词，后加名词或动名词，本空没有动词的含义，故不用动名词。故填service。‎ ‎[答案]　service ‎4．[解析]　考查连词。句意：我努力工作，尽力向人们展示这是我喜欢做的事儿。that后面的句子是两句话，有两个谓语动词分别是is和love，故本空需填连词。空后的从句中缺宾语。故填what。‎ ‎[答案]　what ‎5．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意：我开始参加志愿者项目所提供的每门课程，并且开始申请有报酬的工作岗位。and前的这句话中谓语动词是started，故本空需填非谓语动词，又因offer和course是动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填offered。‎ ‎[答案]　offered ‎6．[解析]　考查谓语动词。句意：截止到暑假结束时，我就已经被雇用为一名舞蹈老师。by the end of“截止到……时”，谓语动词要用完成时；又因本文是叙述过去的事，故该用过去完成时并且使用被动。故填had been hired。‎ ‎[答案]　had been hired ‎7．[解析]　考查定语从句。句意：the City of Surrey工作给我提供了很多机会，这些机会在其他任何地点都不会自己出现的。由于有两个谓语分别是：has provided和would not have presented，故可知这是两句话需要用连词连接，后面句子缺主语，所缺的词指代opportunities可知是定语从句。故填that/which。‎ ‎[答案]　that/which ‎8．[解析]　考查比较级。句意：我得到了报酬丰厚的工作，这比我原先所料想的更早。见到单词than就用比较级。故填earlier。‎ ‎[答案]　earlier ‎9．[解析]　考查词性转换。句意：我很感激，我被给了一个为这么迷人的城市工作的机会。was是系动词，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填thankful。‎ ‎[答案]　thankful ‎10．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。the chance后跟to do或of doing。故填to work。‎ ‎[答案]　to work Ⅱ.短文改错 A ‎(2019·广西联合调研考试)When I was little, my parents would read me some fairy tales before I sleep, I fell in love for books and I couldn't sleep if my parents missed that part. Thank to my parents, books have been part of my life. Some people educate their children to reading more books. They expect their children to make many money when they will grow up. But my parents just want me to enjoy reading. The more I read, greater joy I get from the books. Reading books also bring me some skills to solve problems in life. I know the ways to adjust myself but then face life positively, especial when I'm in low spirits. So I'll continue to read books.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ When I was little, my parents would read me some fairy tales before I ， I fell in love books and I couldn't sleep if my parents missed that part. to my parents, books have been part of my life. Some people educate their children to more books. They expect their children to make money when they grow up. But my parents just want me to enjoy reading. The more I read, greater joy I get from the books. Reading books also me some skills to solve problems in life. I know the ways to adjust myself then face life positively, when I'm in low spirits. So I'll continue to read books.‎ B ‎(2019·贵州遵义航天高级中学第四次模拟)As we all know, culture is similar with an iceberg(冰山). There are cultural roles where are obvious and easily to understand. Most of our cultural values, however, is not clear or hidden. For example, when you will visit a restaurant in Japan, people may sit on the floor and use chopstick to eat. These eat habits are easy to come across. You may not know, therefore, that it's common for a man to sit crosslegged on the floor, but it's not considered acceptable for woman to do so. You have to study people's body language to understanding this less obvious cultural rule.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ As we all know, culture is similar an iceberg(冰山). There are cultural roles are obvious and to understand. Most of our cultural values, however, not clear or hidden. For example, when you visit a restaurant in Japan, people may sit on the floor and use to eat. These habits are easy to come across. You may not know, ， that it's common for a man to sit crosslegged on the floor, but it's not considered acceptable for woman to ‎ do so. You have to study people's body language to this less obvious cultural rule.‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 ‎(2019·海南儋州第一中学高三统测)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the west, with a population of 30,000.‎ Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.‎ But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。‎ ‎1．What attracted the early settlers to New York City?‎ A．Its business culture.‎ B．Its small population.‎ C．Its geographical position.‎ D．Its favourable climate.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎2．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?‎ A．Twothirds of them stayed there.‎ B．One out of five people got rich.‎ C．Almost everyone gave up.‎ D．Half of them died.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.”可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4 000人变富有了，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎3．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?‎ A．They found the city too crowded.‎ B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.‎ C．They were unable to stand the winter.‎ D．They were short of food.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎4．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．The rise and fall of a city.‎ B．The gold rush in Canada.‎ C．Journeys into the wilderness.‎ D．Tourism in Dawson.‎ ‎[解析]　主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展变化展开。故A正确。‎ ‎[答案]　A Ⅳ.七选五阅读填空 ‎(2019·河北保定市高三第二次模拟)We all know that a hot, milky drink and a warm bath are supposed to relax you before bed, but many of us still can't slip into sleep. Here are some tips to help you go to sleep.‎ ‎●Breathe in through your left nostril(鼻孔)‎ ‎1____. Sleep specialist Peter Smith says，“Lie on your left side, resting a finger on your right nostril to close it. Start slow, deep breathing in the left nostril.”Peter, author of Sleep Better With Natural Therapies, says this technique is particularly good when overhearting is preventing sleep.‎ ‎●____2____‎ Relaxing all your muscles can prepare your body for sleep. Anxiety expert Charles Linden says：“Lying on your back, take a deep, slow breath in through your nose and, the same time, squeeze your toes tightly as if you are trying to curl them under your foot, then loosen them slowly. Breathe again, contract your leg muscles, then your thigh, belly, chest, arms, and so on until you heat all the way up your body. ____3____.‎ ‎●Try to stay awake Challenge yourself to stay awake—your mind will fight against it！“It's called the sleep ‎ paradox(悖论)．”Says psychotherapist Julie Hirst. She explains：“Keep your eyes wide open, repeat to yourself ‘I will not sleep’．____4____. But instead view this as an instruction to sleep and eye muscles tire quickly as sleep turns up.”‎ ‎●____5____‎ Use at least three senses imagining yourself in a situation where you feel content—a paradise(乐园), sailing on calm waters, walking in flower fields.‎ A．Just imagine B．Enjoy a paradise C．Squeeze and relax D．The brain doesn't process negatives well E．You must repeat what you have done F．This yoga method is thought to reduce blood pressure and calm you G．When you have gone from head to toe, you should feel ready for sleep 语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。本文叙述了如何让你快速入睡的四个小窍门。‎ ‎1．[解析]　本句考查文章的上下文的过渡句。根据小标题“Breathe in through your left nostril(鼻孔)”可知，“用左边的鼻孔吸气”是瑜伽降压的一种方法。分析选项可知F项(人们认为这一瑜伽方法可以降低血压、使人镇静。)起承上启下的作用，符合题意，故选F项。‎ ‎[答案]　F ‎2．[解析]　本小题是主旨概括句。分析标题下的内容可知，本段主要讲给肌肉放松，做好睡觉的准备。文中出现了“Relaxing”“squeeze”和“loosen”。其中Relaxing和loosen是同义词，都是放松。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎3．[解析]　根据本小题的上文可知，按压是从头到脚的按压，这是为睡觉做好准备。分析选项G项(当你从头到脚按压时，应该呼吸平稳，按完之后会有想睡觉的感觉。)符合题意。故选G项。‎ ‎[答案]　G ‎4．[解析]　本空所在的小标题为“Try to stay awake尽量保持清醒”，根据本段的第一句“Challenge yourself to stay awake—your mind will fight against it! ”让自己保持清醒，大脑会产生逆反心理，就是大脑不受指挥。由本空前“repeat to yourself ‘I will not sleep’”可知，反复告诉大脑不要睡，及下一句“But instead view this as an instruction to sleep and eye muscles tire quickly as sleep turns up.”可知是把这看作是对睡眠的指示，随着瞌睡虫的到来，眼部肌肉会迅速疲劳，相反的，大脑是不会让你清醒的。分析选项可知D项(大脑不会很好的处理消极情绪)符合题意，故选D项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎5．[解析]　本小题是主旨概括句。分析本段可知，本段主要是讲想象的好处。分析选项可知A项Just imagine(想象)与文中“imagining”复现。故A项符合题意。‎ ‎[答案]　A