【英语】2018届二轮复习强调结构考点学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习强调结构考点学案

强调结构考点 强调结构（It is / was +被强调部分+ that / who... ）由于其实用性强、易与其他句型结合、变化形式多而受到命题者的青睐。下面结合高考试题，对强调结构的常见考查方式进行破解，希望能帮助同学们攻克这一语法现象。‎ 一、考查强调结构的基本形式 强调结构的基本形式是It is / was +被强调部分 + that / who... ，可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语动词。例如：‎ It is I who / that am wrong.（强调主语）‎ It was Li Lei that I met in the park yesterday.（强调宾语）‎ It was in the park that I met Li Lei yesterday.（强调地点状语）‎ It was yesterday that I met Li Lei in the park.（强调时间状语）‎ ‎【考例】 It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ____ makes life happy.（2014湖南卷）‎ A. that B. which C. what D. who ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意为：并不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢上我们不得不做的事才能让生活幸福。将It's和空格去掉后，“not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do”为主语，与空格后的部分构成了完整的句子，故判断为强调句型考点，锁定A项。强调句型结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who+句子其他部分”，其中不管“被强调部分”是什么词均可使用that，而只有“被强调部分”为人时才能用who。‎ ‎【考例】 It was after the invention of printing ____ to publish large numbers of books and pictures.（2005上海卷）‎ A. were people able B. that people were able C. when were people able D. people were able ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 此题强调句子中的时间状语，还原后句子为：After the invention of printing people were able to publish large numbers of books and pictures.‎ ‎【考例】 It was in New Zealand ____ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. （2008全国卷II）‎ A. that B. how C. which D. when ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 此题强调句子中的状语in New Zealand，还原后句子为：Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith in New Zealand.‎ 二、考查强调结构的一般疑问句形式 强调结构的一般疑问句句型为：Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that / who... ？‎ ‎【考例】 Was it because Jack came late for school ____ Mr. Smith got angry?（2014四川卷）‎ A. why B. who C. where D. that ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 本题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句。被强调的部分为原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故选that。句意为：是不是因为杰克上学迟到了，史密斯老师才生气的？‎ ‎【考例】 Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert? （1995上海卷）‎ A. it you B. not you C. you D. yourself ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 此题考查强调结构的一般疑问句形式Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that / who... ？还原为陈述语序后句子结构就非常清楚了：It was you that I saw last night at the concert.‎ 三、考查强调结构的特殊疑问句形式 强调结构的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词（Who / What / When / Where / Why / How... ）+ is / was it that... ？例如：‎ Where was it that she saw you last time?‎ How was it that he came here?‎ What is it that you want me to do?‎ Why was it that Li Lei came late again?‎ 这类强调结构置于从句中时应使用陈述语序：‎ The question is who it is that we can trust.‎ He asked which picture it was that we should send to her as a present.‎ ‎【考例】 I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited.（2006山东卷）‎ A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 此题考查对特殊疑问句的强调，强调了在宾语从句中作主语的特殊疑问词what。还原后的句子为：I just wonder what makes him so excited.‎ ‎【考例】 — ____ that he managed to get the information?‎ ‎— Oh, a friend of his helped him.（2005山东卷）‎ A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 此题考查对特殊疑问句的强调，强调了作方式状语的特殊疑问词how。还原后的句子为：How did he manage to get the information?‎ 四、考查表推测的情态动词与be连用的强调结构 表示推测的情态动词can / may / must / might可与be结合形成It must / may / might be / have been... that... 和It can't be / have been... that... 强调句型。例如：‎ It might be his sister that he is worried about.‎ It can't have been Tom who broke the window.‎ 高考尚未涉及对含有表推测的情态动词的强调结构的考查，应引起大家注意。‎ ‎【预测题】 Can it be in the drawer ____ you put your keys?‎ A. where B. that C. which D. in which ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 考查表推测的情态动词与be连用的强调结构。‎ 五、考查对not... until... 句式的强调 对not... until... 句式的强调有固定的句型，即It is / was not until... that... 。‎ ‎【考例】 Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ____ his musical gift was fully recognized.（2015重庆卷）‎ A. while B. though C. that D. after ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 句意为：巴赫死于1750年，但是直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。本题考查强调句，强调的是 until 引导的时间状语从句，应使用固定的强调结构“It was not until... that...”，故选C项。‎ ‎【考例】 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.（2012湖南卷）‎ A. who B. that C. where D. before ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：直到我来到这里才意识到，这个地方不仅以它的美丽闻名，而且以它的天气闻名。这里是考查强调句型：It is+被强调部分+that...，本题强调的是时间状语从句。注意中文“直到……才……”用until表达常有以下三种形式：not...until；Not until（否定的状语位于句首，后面的主句谓语用倒装结构）；It is not until...that...（强调句型）。所以，本题也可以表达如下：I did not realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here.（正常结构）；Not until I came here did I realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.（倒装结构）。‎ ‎【考例】 It ____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. （2007 浙江卷）‎ A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn't until; when D. wasn't until; that ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 根据句意“直到我们一起待了几个星期我才发现我们有很多共同点”可知，这是对not... until... 句式的强调，应使用固定的强调句型It is / was not until... that... 。‎ 六、考查强调句型的反意疑问句及答语 强调句型的反意疑问句及回答应与It is / was... that... 结构保持一致。‎ ‎【考例】 — Wasn't it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?‎ ‎— ____.（1996上海卷）‎ A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 强调句型的反意疑问句的答语应与It is / was... that... 结构保持一致。‎ 七、考查对各种从句的强调 ‎1. 强调状语从句 ‎【考例】 It was when we were returning home ____ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.（2015湖南卷）‎ A. which B. that C. where D. how ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：正是在我们回家的时候我才意识到为身处困境的人提供帮助是一种多么好的感觉。该句去掉It was...that...结构后，剩下的仍然是一个意义完整的句子，因此可以判断这是一个含有强调结构的句子。本题强调时间状语从句when we were returning home，故填强调结构的that。‎ ‎2. 强调名词性从句 ‎【考例】 I don't mind her criticizing me, but ____ is how she does it that I object to. （2007江西卷）‎ A. it B. that C. this D. which ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 此题强调宾语从句，还原后句子为：I don't mind her criticizing me, but I object to how she does it.‎ ‎【考例】 It is not who is right but what is right ____ is of importance. （2007重庆卷）‎ A. which B. it C. that D. this ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 此题强调主语从句，还原后句子为：Not who is right but what is right is of importance.‎ 八、考查强调结构与其他相似结构的区别 强调结构与其他含有it 的结构非常相似，很容易混淆。区别的办法是：去掉 It is / was... that... 结构后句子依然成立的是强调结构。‎ ‎1. 与定语从句的区别 ‎1） It was in Qingdao that he met the famous writer.‎ ‎2） It was Qingdao where he met the famous writer.‎ 句1）是强调句型，强调的是地点状语in Qingdao，该句可还原为He met the famous writer in Qingdao.‎ 句2）为含有一个定语从句的主从复合句，where引导的定语从句修饰先行词Qingdao，不可用that。‎ ‎2. 与主语从句的区别 ‎1） It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit next week.‎ ‎2） It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next week.‎ 句1）为强调句型，强调的是宾语the Great Wall，该句可还原为They are going to visit the Great Wall.‎ 句2）为含有一个主语从句的主从复合句，that引导的从句是句子的真正主语，it为形式主语。‎ ‎3. 与状语从句的区别 ‎1） It was at ten that he came to see me.‎ ‎2） It was ten when he came to see me.‎ 句1）为强调句型，强调的是时间状语at ten，该句可还原为He came to see me at ten.‎ 句2）为含有时间状语从句的主从复合句。‎ ‎【考例】 It was the middle of the night _____ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.（2014江西卷）‎ A. that B. as C. which D. when ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 本句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句。句意为：半夜父亲把我叫醒，并叫我看足球赛。本题容易错选A项，认为是强调句型。实际上the middle of the night缺少介词，不能单独作时间状语，如果在其前面加上介词in，本题就可以选择A项了。‎ ‎【考例】 ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. （2005上海卷）‎ A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 此题考查主语从句，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，本句不是强调结构，因为强调结构不可强调动词。‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. — Is it my age ____ the boss minds?‎ ‎— I'm afraid so. He will consider ____ necessary to have an experienced assistant.‎ A. which; it B. that; it C. which; that D. that; that ‎2. — Where was it ____ the road accident happened yesterday?‎ ‎— In front of the market.‎ A. when B. that C. which D. how ‎3. It is I who ____ to blame.‎ A. is B. are C. am D. being ‎4. It was not until she had arrived home ____ her appointment with the doctor.‎ A. did she remember B. that she remembered C. when she remembered D. had she remembered ‎5. I've already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary yesterday.‎ A. that it was there B. where was it that C. that where it was D. where it was that ‎6. Was it ____ he said or something that he did ____ made her cry so sadly?‎ A. what; that B. that; which C. that; what D. what; 不填 ‎7. It was at the very beginning ____ Mr. Smith made a decision ____ we should send for a ‎ doctor.‎ A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. that; that ‎8. It was in Beihai Park ____ they made a date for the first time ____ the old couple told us ‎ their love story.‎ A. where; where B. where; that C. that; where D. that; that ‎9. — Who is making so much noise in the garden?‎ ‎— ____ the children.‎ A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are ‎10. It was 1949 ____ the PRC was founded.‎ A. that B. when C. before D. since ‎11. It was only ____ I reread the poem ____ I began to appreciate its beauty.‎ A. when; that B. so; that C. before; that D. when; until ‎12. It is in the factory ____ produces colour TV sets ____ we'll have a talk with a scientist.‎ A. which; which B. where; that C. which; that D. which; where ‎13. It was ____ he came to China ____ he knew what kind of country it was.‎ A. after; when B. until; that C. not until; when D. not until; that ‎14. Was it at the school ____ was named after a hero ____ he spent his childhood?‎ A. which; that B. where; where C. that; where D. which; where ‎15. It is not what your father is but whether you can do the work well ____ matters.‎ A. which B. that C. what D. why ‎16. It was some time later ____ we realized the truth.‎ A. until B. before C. that D. since ‎17. As is known, it was ____ that resulted in the terrible accidents.‎ A. because of the driver's carelessness B. the driver's being careless C. because the driver was careless D. the driver was so careless ‎18. It was Wang Fang and her husband who sent the old man to hospital, ____?‎ A. did they B. didn't they C. wasn't it D. was it ‎19. I really don't know ____ I had my money stolen.‎ A. when was it that B. that it was when C. where it was that D. it was where that ‎20. It is because English is being widely used at present ____.‎ A. why we learn it hard B. that we learn it hard C. which we must learn D. when we should learn ‎21. It is the protection for the trees ____ really matters, ____ how many trees are planted ‎ each year.‎ A. what; other than B. which; or rather C. that; rather than D. as; more than ‎22. It was the typhoon ____ was called Saomai ____ destroyed some cities of Zhejiang ‎ Province.‎ A. which; that B. what; which C. which; who D. that; which ‎23. It was the university ____ he was studying ____ sent him abroad.‎ A. which; that B. where; that C. that; which D. that; where ‎24. Was it ____ it snowed last night that you didn't come?‎ A. that B. because C. why D. if ‎25. — Why is it ____ Mr. Smith seldom mentions his childhood?‎ ‎— Perhaps he suffered a lot in his childhood.‎ A. which B. what C. how D. that 强调结构考点：‎ ‎1-5 BBCBD　6-10 ADBAB　11-15 ACDAB　16-20 CBCCB　21-25 CABBD