【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句考点讲与练学案（8页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句考点讲与练学案（8页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习名词性从句考点讲与练 近几年语法填空与短文改错题中对名词性从句的考查多集中在宾语从句上，这也与高考重基础知识的考查这一主题思路相符；名词性从句是英语语法中一个重要组成部分，也是英语语言中运用最为广泛的知识点之一，对其涉及的所有知识都应重点掌握。‎ 考生在解答这类题目时，要根据连接词在名词性从句中所作的句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若在从句中作主语或宾语用连接代词，若作状语就用连接副词；如果不作成分则要考虑从句意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不作成分且从句意思完整则用that。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ 一、语法填空常考点 ‎(一)宾语从句 ‎1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ 解析：how　how thick the adobe walls needed to be是宾语从句，作figured out的宾语。how修饰形容词thick。‎ ‎2．(2014·广东高考)I didn’t understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.‎ 解析：why　根据语境此处应用why引导宾语从句。‎ ‎(二)主语从句 ‎1．(2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ 解析：that　句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持梦想的人，一切皆有可能。此句为主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，故使用that引导。‎ ‎2．(2015·北京高考改编)______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ 解析：How　句意：我们如何理解事情与我们的感受有很大关系。本句考查主语从句，根据逻辑意义此处表示方式，故填how。‎ ‎(三)表语从句 ‎1．(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ 解析：that　句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是你完全可以远离尘埃。根据句子结构可知，本句是表语从句，且表语从句中主系表结构完整，故使用连词that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。‎ ‎2．(2015·安徽高考改编)A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for.‎ 解析：what　句意：港口里的船是安全的，但是那不是建造船的目的。空格后的句子是表语从句，表语从句中for缺少宾语，故用what。‎ ‎(四)同位语从句 ‎1．(2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ 解析：that　句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。后面是建议的具体内容，从句不缺成分，故填that。‎ ‎2．(2014·重庆高考改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.‎ 解析：why　句意：“迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取通知是真的吗？”“是的，但我不知道他这么做的原因，耶鲁大学是他最喜爱的大学之一。”根据后面的that’s one of his favorite universities可知这里指原因，故用why引导。‎ 二、短文改错常考点 ‎(一)连接代词和连接副词混用 ‎1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.________________‎ 解析：where→that或者去掉where　此处指他转过身发现父母不见了。found后面接宾语从句，故将where改为that或去掉where。‎ ‎2．(2013·湖南高考改编)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell that close you may be to victory.________________‎ 解析：that→how　句意：不要因失败而泄气，因为你永远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近。“...close you may be to victory”为宾语从句，close为形容词，故用how。‎ ‎(二)连接词重叠使用 ‎1．(2014·四川高考)If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.________________‎ 解析：去掉when　notice后的宾语从句不缺成分且意思完整，故用that引导。‎ ‎2．The exhibition tells us what why we should do something to stop air pollution.________________‎ 解析：去掉what　根据语境可知这里表示原因，故要用why来引导。‎ ‎(三)连接代词/副词混用 ‎1．(2013·辽宁高考)“He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say.________________‎ 解析：which→what　此处表示其他老师的说话内容，且连接词引导表语从句并在从句中作宾语，故用what。‎ ‎2．We must find out where Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.________________‎ 解析：where→when　根据语境可知，此处表示“他来的时间”，故用when引导。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．掌握名词性从句连接词的基本用法 ‎(1)连接词that在从句中没有任何含义，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。‎ ‎(2)连接词whether, if意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。若在两者之间二选一，应选择whether。‎ ‎(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, who(m)ever, whatever, whichever既起连接作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。‎ ‎(4) 连接副词when, where, why, how既起连接作用，同时又在从句中作状语。‎ ‎2．牢记what和that的区别 ‎(1)that没有词义，也不作任何成分，当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时用that；‎ Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.‎ 专家认为，人们可以通过只有需要时才购物这一方法来减少更多食物的浪费。‎ ‎(2)what在从句中表示“……的(东西)”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，定语等成分。‎ Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.‎ 振作起来。勇气就是去做你害怕去做的事情。‎ ‎3．熟记it作形式主语代表从句的句型公式 ‎(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句 It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.‎ 很明确，大多数农民通过各种方式赚了很多钱。‎ ‎ (2)It＋ be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.‎ 你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。‎ ‎(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided等)＋that从句 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.‎ 据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这个实验。‎ ‎(4)It＋特殊动词(seem/appear/happen等)＋that从句 It seems to me that you object to the plan.‎ 在我看来，你好像反对这个计划。‎ ‎4．熟记it作形式宾语代表从句的常见句式 ‎(1)动词find, feel, think, consider, believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。‎ I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.‎ 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。‎ ‎(2)有些动词跟从句时习惯上需要在从句前加it，这类动词有：hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike, appreciate, see to等。‎ Please see to it that the door is locked.‎ 请留意一下把门锁好。 ‎ ‎ 5.牢记连接词的选择3步骤 ‎(1)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，或者两个单词以及短语中间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处通常是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。‎ ‎(2)根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。‎ ‎(3)一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词，若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，用连接代词，若作状语就用连接副词；如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。‎ What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(引导主语从句，在从句中作主语)‎ 她告诉我说，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。‎ When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.(引导同位语从句)‎ 当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。‎ I don’t know who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)‎ 我不知道当经理不在时由谁来负责公司。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.‎ ‎2．It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.‎ ‎3._It happened to me that I had been away when he called.‎ ‎4．Who will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet.　‎ ‎5．I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the gettogether.‎ ‎6．We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.‎ ‎7．I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.‎ ‎8．The question is _whether we can reduce the cost of the product.‎ ‎9．He has lung disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.‎ ‎10．It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.‎ ‎11．He kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy to make sure of her happiness.‎ ‎12．What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.‎ ‎13．The Great Wall leaves visitors a puzzle how ancient Chinese people managed to build it without modern tools.‎ ‎14．As many as seven courses are provided, and they are free to choose whichever suits them best.‎ ‎15．The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.if→whether ‎2．We’re all pleased what we have once again overcome the difficulty.what→that ‎3．We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.consider后加it ‎4．My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.is后加that ‎5．It is thought he has made much money by selling cigarettes.thought后加that ‎6．His promise which he would give away half of the year’s income to the disabled turned out a lie.which→that ‎7．We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.whom→who ‎8．Whether we will do is to leave a note to tell mum we will be back ‎ late.Whether→What ‎9．There is no doubt whether teachers play an important role in children’s growth.whether→that ‎10．Children should be reminded of that they should do in public places.that→what