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【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达说明文人物介绍类型写作指导(8页word版)
2019届二轮复习书面表达说明文人物介绍 类型写作指导 1. 文体特征 英文人物描写是指对人物的描述和介绍,包括姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、 特长、事迹、性格等多个方面,属记叙文的范畴。描写人物应以记叙为主,可适当发表见解 和议论,但不可过多。 2. 写作指导 (1) 注意人称和时态:人物的介绍,可以用第一人称,也可以用第三人称,时态常常用一 般现在时和一般过去时,具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。如描写人物的外貌、 性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时,而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。 (2) 突出中心, 详略得当:人物写作通常需要介绍人物的多个方面,但不可泛泛而谈,要严 格按照写作要求来写。对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组,安排好写作顺序,突出重点信息。 (3)语言准确,生动形象:正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。记叙文要用具体的事件和生动 的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人描写得 具体生动,可读性强。 (4) 过渡自然, 上下连贯:在描写人物的过程中,切忌信息罗列,缺乏过渡和衔接词。 知能提升 1. 常用词汇 描写人物外貌的常用词汇: fat 肥胖的; thin 瘦的; slim 苗条的; tall 高的; short 矮的; middle-sized 身高中等的; round face 圆脸; well-dressed 衣着华丽的; casual 随便的; elegant 优雅的; fashionable 时髦的; untidy 不整洁的; good-looking 长得好看的; ugly-looking 长得难看的; ordinary looking 长相一般的; pretty/ beautiful 漂亮的; well-dressed 衣着华丽的; casual 随便的; elegant 优雅的; fashionable 时髦的; untidy 不整洁的 big nose 大鼻子 black eyes 黑眼镜 white-haired 白发的 near-sighted 近视的 strong 结实的强壮的 1.80 metres tall 身高 1.80 米 描写人物性格的常用词汇: lovely 可爱的 honest 老实的 sensitive 敏感的 energetic 精力充沛的 lazy 懒惰的 intelligent 聪明的 strict 严格的 forgettable 健忘的 outstanding 杰出的 healthy 健康的 traditional 传统的 active 积极的 attractive 吸引人的 naughty 淘气的 wise 明智的 humorous 幽默的 patient 耐心的 determined 有决心的 optimistic 乐观的 kind-hearted 好心的 absent-minded 心不在焉的 warm-hearted 热心肠的 considerate 体贴的 responsible 有责任心的 easy-going 容易相处的 silent 沉默的 funny 滑稽的 clever 聪明的 smart 精明的 enthusiastic 热情的 easy – going 温和宽容的 smart 精明的 bright/clever 聪明的 talkative 多话的 bad - tempered 脾气不好的 描述人物心情的常用词汇: bright 欢快的; charming 可爱的; cunning 狡猾的; happy 高兴的; sad 伤心的; sweet 甜蜜的; pleased 满意的; grinning 露齿而笑的; friendly 友好的; warm 温暖的,热情的; cold 不热情的 excited 兴奋的 satisfied 满意的 angry 生气的 worried 担心的 disappointed 失望的 terrified 恐惧的 anxious 焦虑的 curious 好奇的 eager 急切的 常见的系动词 appear, be, become, feel, get, go, grow, look, prove, remain, seem, sound, taste, turn, etc. 表达人物兴趣和爱好的常用词组或短语 like 喜欢 love 喜爱 enjoy 喜欢 be interested in 对…感兴趣 be fond of 喜欢 be crazy about 对…极度喜欢 hate 憎恨 be tired of 对…厌倦 lose interest in 对…失去兴趣 be good at 擅长 出生年龄及家庭背景 a twenty-five-year-old young man 一个 25 岁的年轻人 as a boy of 15 作为一个 15 岁的男孩 at the age of 20 在 20 岁时 be born on February 12th, 1987 出生于 1987 年 2 月 12 日 during his childhood 在他的童年时代 in one’s fifties 在某人五十几岁的时候 live a happy/ hard life 过着幸福/艰难的生活 spend his childhood in the countryside 在乡村度过了童年 the son of a poor family 一个贫苦家庭的儿子 教育背景: be admitted to 被…录取, graduate from Physics Department of Qinghua University 毕业于清华大学物理系 go abroad to further one’s study 出国深造 fail in the test 没通过考试 pass the examination 通过考试 get on well with one’s lessons 功课好 major in 主修 take several courses 选修几门课程 receive a doctor’s degree 获得学士学位 经历事迹 become a member of the team 成为队伍的一员 concentrate oneself to doing sth 专心做某事 devote oneself to one’s business 投身于某人的事业 make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事 overcome many difficulties 克服许多困难 receive the Nobel Prize for physics 获得诺贝尔物理奖 serve as nurse 做护理工作 set a new world record of 创世界纪录 win the first prize in the competition 在竞赛中夺冠 win a gold /silver/ bronze medal 获得金/银/铜牌 他人评价: an inspiring leader 一位振奋人心的领导 a model worker 一名模范工人 an advanced teacher 一位高级教师 be respected by 受到某人的尊敬 be honored as 被誉为 be considered /regarded as 被认为是 be famous/known as 作为…而出名 make great contributions to 为…做出贡献 one of the most important persons in the past ten years 过去十年里做重要的人物之一 set a good example for all of us 为我们所有人做出了榜样 speak highly of 高度评价 2. 常用句式 (1) I am a 18-year-old Senior Three student at Shiyan Middle School. 我是一个 18 岁的高三学 生,在实验中学读书。 (2) His father was very strict with him during his childhood. 在他童年时,他父亲对他非常严格。 (3) Abraham Lincoln, a son of a poor family, was born in on February 12, 1809.亚伯拉汗·林肯, 一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于 1809 年 2 月 12 日出生于肯塔基州(Kentucky)。 (4) Her hair is brown and curly. 她有着一头棕色而卷曲的头发。 (5) She had the most beautiful blue eyes I had ever seen. 她有一双我从未见过的漂亮蓝眼睛。 (6) He is a near-sighted guy with a pair of glasses on his nose. 他近视眼,鼻梁上戴着一副眼镜。 (7) She is good-looking with long beautiful hair.她长得好看,有一头长长的漂亮的头发。 (8) Born in Germany, Einstein is a great scientist with an extraordinary imagination.爱恩斯坦,出 生于德国,是一位有非凡想象力的科学家。 (9) Being kind and helpful , she always enjoys helping others out.她亲切和蔼,乐于助人。 (10) In his spare time, he spends lots of time listening to music and reading novels.业余时间他花 很多时间听音乐、读小说。 (11) She gets on well with almost everyone and is always welcome wherever she goes.她跟几乎 每个人都相处得很好,无论走到哪里都很受欢迎。 (12) Harvard is a world-famous university, where Wang An got his Doctor’s degree. 哈佛大学是 世界著名大学,王安在那里获得博士学位。 (13) Having graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953, Yuan Longping was sent to work as a teacher in the Agriculture School in the west of Hunan.袁隆平 1953 年毕业于西南农学 院,毕业后被分配到湘西农校任教。 (14) She has once worked as a secretary in a company for a year after she graduated from high school. 高中毕业后,她在一家公司当过一年秘书。 (15) With her help, her students have made great progress in English.在她的帮助下,学生英语水 平提高很快。 (16) She gets on well with the students, who always communicates with them by e-mail or Internet .她与学生关系融洽,常与学生通过电子邮件和网上聊天交流。 (17) He is honored as “Father of Hybrid Rice” by the international friends 他被国际上誉为“杂 交水稻之父”。. (18) Not only was Lu Xun a well-Known Chinese writer, a thinker, and translator, but also the father of modern Chinese literature.鲁迅不仅是著名的作家,思想家,而且还是中国现代文学 的开创者。 3. 模板参考 姓名 was born in 出生地 on 时间. He/ She graduated from 毕业学校. He/ She has been 干的工作 since 时间. As a 职业, he/ she is good at 具体工作, and has 具体成就.He/ She is respected by everyone. He/She set a good example for us. 姓名 is a 大体相貌 man/ woman. He/ She looks 身高 and 胖瘦. He/ She has 修饰外 貌的形容词 五官, with 修饰外貌的形容词 身体部位. In his/her spare time, he/she likes 兴趣和爱好. 典例学习 (1) 请根据下列提要写一篇短文,简要介绍你的英语老师。内容提要如下: (1)这位英语老师名叫 Bruce,是位英国人,40 岁左右,又高又瘦,戴着一副眼镜; (2)对学生要求严格,认真备课,认真批改作业; (3)教学方法不同于别人,鼓励学生思考,培养学生自学能力; (4)和学生相处融洽,和蔼可亲,深受学生的爱戴和尊敬。 要求:(1)介绍必须包括所给要点,但不要逐条译成英语; (2)词数 110 左右。 【审题谋篇】 【遣词造句】 1. 词汇精练 ①又高又瘦 tall and thin ②戴着一副眼镜 wear a pair of glasses ③对某人要求严格 be strict with sb in sth ④备课 prepare lessons ⑤不同于 be defferent from ⑥鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth ⑦自学 teach oneself ⑧对某人和蔼 be kind to sb ⑨受到某人的尊敬 be respected by 1. 佳句锤炼 ①我们的英语老师名叫 Bruce,是位英国人,。 a. (一般表达) Our English teacher is Bruce. He is from England. b. (用同位语改写) Bruce, our English teacher, is from England c. (非限制性定语从句) Our English teacher is Bruce, who is from England. ②他又高又瘦,戴着一副眼镜。 a. (一般表达) He is tall and thin and is wearing a pair of glasses on his nose. b. (用 with 复合结构简化 a 句) He is tall and thin with a pair of glasses on his nose. c. (使用现在分词做状语改写) He is tall and thin, wearing a pair of glasses on his nose. ③他认真备课,认真批改作业。 a. (一般表达) He prepares his lessons well and corrects our homework carefully. b. (用 not only…but also 改写句子) He not only prepares his lessons well but also corrects our homework carefully. c. (用倒装句改写 b 句) Not only does he prepare his lessons well but also corrects our homework carefully. 第一步 定时态人称 第三步 列要点信息 第二步 布文章结构 一般现在时;第三人称 外貌→教学方式→评价 1. Bruce 是位英国人,40 岁左右,又高又瘦,戴着一 副眼镜 2. 学生要求严格,认真备课,认真批改作 3. 教学方法不同于别人,鼓励学生思考,培养学生自 学能力。 4. 和蔼可亲,深受学生的爱戴和尊敬。 ④他的教学方法不同于别人。 His teaching style is quite different from that of the others. a.例句仿写:美国的英语和英国的英语不一样。 The English of America is different from that of British. 【学生习作展评】 习作展示 阅卷点评及修改建议 ① Bruce is our English teacher. ② He came from England. ③He is about 40 years old and is tall and thin and puts on a pair of glasses. ④He is strict with us. ⑤ He prepares his lessons carefully and corrects our homework carefully. ⑥ His teaching method is quite different from the others. ⑦In class he encourages us to think hard and teach our ability to study by ourselves. ⑧. He is good for us and is loved and respected by all of us. 本文为 3 档(良好档)作文,总分 30 分,本文可评为 23 分。 具体分析如下: 一、内容结构上 内容要点完整。但在描述人物的过程中,句式单一,未能灵 活运用衔接词和高级句式,使整篇文章显得单调苍白,无精彩之 处。字数不合要求。 二、语言运用上 1. 部分表达不够地道,词汇运用不准确。如第③句中的 puts on 宜改为 is wearing,第⑦句的 teach 宜用 develop 替换。 2. 缺乏高级词汇的灵活运用,。如第⑤句的第一个 carefully 可以 用 well 替换,可避免重复。 3. 句式运用单一,运用不灵活。句式以简单句和并列句为主, 缺乏变化,不会灵活应用复合句和非谓语动词等句式结构。如 第①句和第②句可以使用同位语或非限制性定语从句合并成 一句,如 Our English teacher is Bruce, who is from England,第 ③句中的信息太多,稍显凌乱,可分解。如 He is about 40 years old , tall and thin, wearing a pair of glasses.,凸显句式多变 4. 语法错误。如第⑥句中应在 the others 前加上 that of。第⑧.句 中的 for 应改为 to. 【满分作文赏析】 ①Bruce, our English teacher, is from England and is about 40 years old. ②He is tall and thin with a pair of glasses on his nose. ③As a teacher, he is strict with us in our study. ④ He not only prepares his lessons well but also corrects our homework carefully. ⑤The most important thing is that his teaching style is quite different from that of the others. ⑥For example, he always encourages us to think hard and develop our ability to study on our own in class. ⑦ What’s more, he often helps and cares for us. ⑧He is very kind to us and often plays basketball and football with us. ⑨We all love and respect him ‘ 1. 全文要点完整,描述详实,使得 Bruce 的形象 跃然于纸上。大量过渡词汇的恰当应用,使得文 章结构紧凑,流畅自然。 2.词汇准确贴切,文章表达地道。如第③句中 he is strict with us in our study,第④句中的 prepares his lessons well, 第⑤句中的 teaching style 第⑥句 中的 develop 等等。 3. 灵活运用了高级的语法与完美的句式。如第② 句中使用了 with 复合结构,第④句中用了的 not only… but also 句型,第⑤句中运用了 that 引导的 表语从句的应用,这些都丰富了文章语法结构, 避免了句式单一。 4.灵活适当地运用了大量的衔接词和过渡词汇, 显示了作者良好的语言运用能力。如第③句中的 As a teacher,第⑥句中的 For example,第⑦句中 的 What’s more 等,使得文章自然衔接,一气呵成。 (2) 根据下列内容,写一篇关于世界著名童话作家安徒生(Hans Christian Anderson)的短文。 词数 120 左右。 安徒生生于 1805 年。十一岁丧父。由于家庭贫穷,童年时期没能上学,他跟人学习缝 纫技术谋生。十四岁时到一剧院工作。后来在一些热心人家的帮助下上了学。1828 年接受 高等教育(higher education)。毕业后献身于文学(literature)。他坚持写小说,诗歌等。他 努力创作,获得很大成功。他一生共创作一百六十多个故事。1875 年去世。 【审题谋篇】 【遣词造句】 1. 词汇精练 ① 在…岁时 ② 后来 ③在某人的帮助下 ④谋生 ⑤毕业 ⑥献身 ⑦坚持 ⑧获得成功 2. 佳句锤炼 ①安徒生生于 1805 年,十一岁丧父。 a. 一般表达:Anderson was born in 1805 . His father died when he was only eleven . b. 高级表达:(用 whose 引导的定语从句来合并上句) . ②由于家庭贫穷,童年时期没能上学 a. 一般表达:Because his family was poor, the family couldn’t send him to school. b. 高级表达:(用现在分词作原因状语,来简化句子) . ③他跟人学习缝纫技术谋生。(在横线上填入恰当的衔接过渡词汇) a. He had to go and learn sewing make a living. b. He had to go and learn sewing he make a living. c. make a living, he had to go and learn sewing. ④他一生共创作一百六十多个故事。1875 年去世。 a. 一般表达:He wrote more than160 stories in his whole life . He died in 1875 b. 用 before 引导的时间状语从句合并上面两句: 第一步 定时态人称 第三步 列要点信息 第二步 布文章结构 一般过去时 第三人称 (1)求学时期。(2)工作时期。(3)终生成就。 1. 他生于 1805 年。十一岁丧父。; 2. 由于家庭贫穷,童年时期没能上学,他跟人学习缝 纫技术。十四岁时到一剧院工作。 3. 后来在一些热心人家的帮助下上了学;1828 年接受 高等教育(higher education) 4. 毕业后献身于文学(literature)。他坚持写小说,诗 歌等。他努力创作,获得很大成功。他一生共创作 一百六十多个故事; 5. 1875 年去世 . c. 用现在分词做状语来简化 . 【学生习作展评】 习作展示 阅卷点评 ①Anderson was born in 1805. ②When he was eleven, his father died. ③Because his family was poor, he couldn’t go to school. ④However, he had to learn sewing to make a living. ⑤When he was fourteen,he went to work at a theatre. ⑥Later,some kind people helped him to go to school and in 1828 he began to accept higher education. ⑦After he graduated, he began to work on literature. ⑧ Since then,he has kept on writing stories and poems. ⑨His hard work brought him great success, and he wrote more than160 stories in his whole life before he died in 1875,. 本文为 3 档作文,总分 30 分,本文可评为 25 分。 具体分析如下: 一、文章内容完整,要点齐全,以时间为顺序, 将安徒生的一生较全面地记录下来。但文章结 构不够简练,字数不符合要求。 二、语言运用上 1. 词汇运用较准确,但部分词汇可用高级词汇 来替换。如第⑦句中 work on 可改为 be devoted to,第⑥句中的 have 如改为 receive 更贴切。 2. 句式多变,运用了简单句、并列句和复合句 多种句式。如第①句用了时间状语从句,第② 句中用了原因状语从句。但是第⑤句中 When he was fourteen 不妨改为 at the age of 14,以免重复 之嫌。 3.灵活运用时间 状语,以时间为顺序连接上下 文。如第 ⑥句中 Later, 第⑦句中的 After graduation,第⑧句中的 since then 等。 4,,个别语法错误。如第④句中 however 应删去 或改为 instead 或 therefore,第⑧句中的 has 应 改为 had。 【满分作文赏析】 满分作文 名师点评 ①Anderson was born in 1805 . ②His father died when he was only eleven . ③Being poor , the family couldn’t send him to school . ④In order to make a living, he had to go and learn sewing . ⑤At the age of fourteen , he went to work at a theatre . ⑥Later , with the help of some kind people , Anderson had the chance to go to school .⑦ In 1828 , he began his college life . ⑧ After graduation he began to devote himself to literature .⑨ He kept on writing stories and poems and won great success. ⑩He died in 1875 , leaving the world more than 160 stories . 1. 全文内容完整、层次清楚, 2. 用词准确,语言地道。如第③句中的 send him to school,第⑥句中的 with the help of 和 had the chance to,第⑧句中的 evote himself to,第⑨句中的 brought him great success 等都显示了作者很强的语言 运用能力。 3. 句式灵活,如第③句中的 Being poor 引导的原因状语从句,第⑩句中的 leaving 引导的结果状语从句。 跟踪演练 1 假设你叫刘红,在街上碰到好友王平的父母,从而得知王平以优异的成绩毕业于哈佛大学 (Harvard University),并被授予科学博士学位。你写信向王平表示祝贺,并祝贺她在计算机 方面取得的成绩。告诉她许多朋友听到这消息都感到十分高兴,她的父母也以此为荣,希望 她早日回来报效祖国。 注意:1.不要逐句翻译提示内容,文章要连贯; 2. 字数 100 左右。 3. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好。 Dear Wang Ping; I am really glad to learn that ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yours, Liu Hong 2 用英语介绍美国当选总统巴拉克.奥巴马 1. 姓名:巴拉克·奥巴马 ( Barack Obama ) 2. 出生时间:1961 年 8 月 4 日 3. 出生地点:夏威夷(Hawaii) 4. 教育:1988 考入哈佛法学院(Harvard Law School), 1991 年获博士学位 5. 职业:小时梦想当总统;毕业后当律师、大学讲师,后来从政。2008 年 11 用 4 日,在大 选( the general election )中击败麦凯恩(John McCain ),成为首位黑人(African American) 总统。 注意:1. 内容应包括上述要点,但不要逐句翻译,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 2. 字数 100 左右。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 假设你是李华,作为选派的交流学生在美国某中学学习了一年,寄住在 Mr. Brown 家里, 刚回到国内。回国后,你发现自己的一本英语词典遗忘在他家,因此给他写了一封信,请他 帮助寄回词典。信的主要内容: 1. 感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助 2. 一本英语词典忘记带回 3. 词典是美国老师送的,非常珍贵 4. 词典很可能丢在卧室的书架上 5. 邮资(postage)自己付 注意:1. 信件内容必须包括上述要点,但不要逐句翻译,可适当增加细节。 2. 字数 120 左右。 3. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好。 DearMr. Brown, How are you these days? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 假定你是李华,亚洲冬季运动会将在你居住的地方举办,现正在招募志愿者,你希望成 为其中一员。请按要求用英文给组委会写一封信。内容应包括:1.个人情况:年龄,性别, 学历 2.个人条件:英语好,爱好体育,善于交际,乐于助人,熟悉本地情况 3.承诺:提供 最佳服务 注意:1. 信件内容必须包括上述要点,但不要逐句翻译,可适当增加细节。 2. 字数 120—150 之间。 3. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好。 Dear Sir / Madam: I was quite excited when I heard the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city I live. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Yours faithfully, Li Hua 6 私人信件典例学习 2 【遣词造句】1. 词汇精练① join; attend ② convenient ③ take place; hold ④begin with ⑤ prepare sth ⑥ share sth ⑦ what’s more ⑧ the Students’ Club 2. 佳句锤炼 ① if it is convenient to you.② wishing Liurui happy and healthy ③We’ll sing “Happy Birthday” to him with the candles on.④ a. enjoys b. is interested in c. is fond of d. is crazy about 人物描写典例学习 2 【遣词造句】1. 词汇精练① at the age of ② later ③ with the help of ④ make a living ⑤ graduate ⑥ be devoted to ⑦ keep on ⑧ win great success 2. 佳句锤炼① Anderson was born in 1805,whose father died when he was only eleven.② Being poor,the family couldn’t send him to school. ③ He wrote more than160 stories in his whole life before he died in 1875.;He died in 1875 , leaving the world more than 160 stories .④ to; so that; could ;In order to; 达标测试答案 1 Dear Wang Ping; I am really glad to learn that you have graduated from Harvard University with high honors and have received a doctor’s degree for science. Congratulations to you on all this and your achievements in computer. Many friends are delighted to hear the news. Your parents are so proud of you. It is a reward for your hard work. I know how hard you have been working these years. Since you’ve won great success, I hope you will come back to work for our country as soon as possible. My best wishes for your further success. Yours, Liu Hong 2 Barack Obama was born in Hawaii on August 4th, 1961. When he was only a small boy, he dreamt of becoming the President of the United States. In 1988, he was admitted to Harvard Law School, where he gained his doctor’s degree in 1991. After graduation, he worked as a lawyer, lecturer and then took up politics. On November 4, 2008, Barack Obama defeated John McCain in the general election, making him the first African American President of the United States. 3 Dear Mr. Brown, How are you these days? I have been back, and am writing this letter to show my thanks. As the exchange student, you make me feel warm. Welcome to my country, and I’ll show you around in turn. However, there exists a problem that I have left my dictionary at your home. I like it very much, for it was a precious gift from my teacher who comes from the U.S. I guess that my book may stay on your shelf in the bedroom. Do you mind if you send my dictionary to me? I will pay for the postage and I’ll be very grateful if you show your warmness again. I’m eager to receive your reply. Yours, Li hua 4 Dear Sir or Madam, My name is Li Hua. I would like to work as a volunteer for the Winter Asian Games. I like sports, especially climbing and skating. I'm also interested in English and can express myself in English freely. Through my hobbies, I've made many friends. In fact I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them. Believing we all need help from each other, I appreciate friends' help, and I am willing to help anyone in need. Because I am the local people and familiar with the surroundings, I believe I can provide the best service for the athletes. I would like to join the team of Winter Asian Games Volunteers since it would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about their cultures. Yours, Li Hua查看更多