【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致学案（7页word版）(2)

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致学案（7页word版）(2)

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 主谓一致学案 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：意义一致原则、就近一致原则和语法一致原则。这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。‎ 一、意义一致原则 ‎①A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on.‎ 针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。‎ ‎②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.‎ 很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。‎ ‎③Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.‎ 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。‎ ‎④To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.‎ 早睡早起是一个好习惯。‎ ‎⑤The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.‎ 工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三， 剩余部分节省出来作为他用。‎ ‎⑥Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.‎ 昨天只干了60%的工作。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎2．“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎3．非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎4．含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况 ‎(1)many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎(2)the rest, the remaining/part ...＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。‎ ‎(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。‎ 二、就近一致原则 ‎①Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.‎ 不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。‎ ‎③There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.‎ ‎＝There are two pens and a pencil in the pencilbox.‎ 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．由or, nor, either ... or, neither ... nor, not only ... but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。‎ ‎2．there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ 三、语法一致原则 ‎①All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.‎ 所有的科学证据表明，农业上越来越多的应用化工产品正在损害我们的健康。‎ ‎②With more and more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.‎ ‎＝With more and more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.‎ 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。‎ ‎③This new type of buses is now on show.‎ 这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。‎ ‎④Mr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.‎ 史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎2．a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。‎ ‎3．由“kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。‎ ‎4．主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。‎ ‎1．(2017·江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.‎ A．is　　　　　　　　　　 B．are C．was D．were 解析：选C　句意：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到各界的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which指代“The publication of Great Expectations”，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态。故答案为C。‎ ‎2．(2017·天津高考)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ as one of the best allround forms of exercise.‎ A．regard B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regards 解析：选B　句意：如今，与慢跑和游泳一样，骑自行车被看作最全面的运动方式之一。本句谓语与主语之间是被动关 系，表示“被看作”，应该用被动语态；句子主语部分是A along with B结构，因此谓语应在人称和数上与A保持一致，即用单数形式。‎ ‎3．(2015·湖南高考)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years to achieve.‎ A．is; takes B．are; takes C．are; take D．is; take 解析：选A　句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。‎ ‎4．(湖南高考)All we need ________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.‎ A．are B．was C．is D．were 解析：选C　句意：我们所需要的就是一小块地而已，在那里我们可以在整个作物生长期内栽种各种各样的果树。根据空格后的a small piece of land 可知，谓语动词用单数，且本句表达的是现在的事实，故用一般现在时。‎ 单项填空 ‎1．(2018·苏北四市高三期中考试)The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the China's Got Talent in 2017.‎ A．were invited　　　　　　 B．was invited C．have been invited D．has been invited 解析：选B　句意：这位著名的魔术师和他的助手被邀请到2017年《中国达人秀》上表演。as well as his assistants为插入语，本句的主语是The famous magician为单数且与动词invite之间是被动关系。‎ ‎2．(2018·南通、徐州高三联考)He believes that education as well as medical treatment ________ the key to stopping the disease in the future.‎ A．is B．are C．has been D．have been 解析：选A　句意：他相信教育和医疗是阻止未来疾病的关键。He believes 后面that引导的是宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是由as well as连接的，谓语应和前面的education一致，根据believes可知，用一般现在时。‎ ‎3．(2018·江苏高考压轴卷) ________ surprised me most ________ to see the headmaster of our school and some strangers seated on the benches at the end of the room.‎ A．What; was B．What; were C．That; was D．That; were 解析：选A　句意：令我最惊奇的是，看到我们学校的校长和一些陌生人坐在教室后面的长凳上。此处what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。其谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎4．(2018·南京第十二中月考)Zhou Hua is the only one of the students in our class that ________ the firstgrade scholarship so far.‎ A．obtain B．obtains C．has obtained D．have obtained 解析：选C　在“the only one of＋名词复数＋that”引导的定语从句中，that 指代的是the only one，所以从句中的谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式；由so far可知应该用现在完成时，故选C。‎ ‎5．(2018·镇江高三模拟)In fact, the house as well as his two cars ________ him all the money he earned during the 20 years.‎ A．has cost B．has been cost C．have cost D．have been cost 解析：选A　句意：事实上，那所房子以及他的两辆车花了他20年来所有的积蓄。as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要和前面的名词保持一致，因此用has；根据句意可知用主动语态。‎ ‎6．(2018·南京市四校高三调研)It is reported that no African ‎ country apart from South Africa and Egypt ________ putting more than 4 percent of the national GDP into education in the last ten years.‎ A．has been B．were C．was D．have been 解析：选A　根据句中的时间状语“in the last ten years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，所填谓语的主语是“no African country”，当主语后面跟由介词apart from, like, as well as, besides, with等连接的词时，谓语的单、复数视主语的情况而定，所以此处用单数。‎ ‎7．(2018·南通高三调研)Two thirds of his money ________ spent on books and the rest of the money ________ spent on food.‎ A．are; is B．is; are C．were; was D．was; was 解析：选D　two thirds of和the rest of修饰的都是不可数名词money，因此谓语动词应该用单数形式，此处时态用一般现在时或一般过去时均可，根据四个选项可知答案为D。‎ ‎8．(2018·连云港高三模拟)According to a survey in 2016, over 30 percent of the population of the city ________ into shopping in the mall.‎ A．persuaded B．were persuaded C．have persuaded D．was persuaded 解析：选B　句意：2016年的一项调查显示，在这个城市超过百分之三十的人口已经被成功劝服到商场里购物了。population被分数、百分数修饰时，是个集合名词，谓语动词用复数形式；又因此处表示“被劝服”，所以应用被动语态；由“in 2016”可知应用一般过去时，故选B。‎ ‎9．(2018·徐州市高三调研)Weibo as well as WeChat ________ as a media platform for people to share their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time.‎ A．serves B．is served C．serve D．are served 解析：选A　句意：微博和微信可以作为一个供人们随时随地分享他们的想法的媒体平台。这里用serve的一般现在时的主动语态表示当前的状态，serve ‎ as表示“可用作，可当……使用”。由as well as可知，该句的谓语应由Weibo而定，故应用第三人称单数形式，A项正确。‎ ‎10．(2018·无锡第一次摸底)—Hey！Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.‎ ‎—Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person ________ by such tricks.‎ A．has been cheated B．have been cheated C．were cheated D．was cheated 解析：选A　句意：“嘿，我手机上有一个短信，告诉我已获得巴黎周末双人游的大奖。”“删掉吧，那是个骗局。许多人被这样的短信骗过。”“many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，表示复数的含义，根据句意可知，许多人已经被骗过，故用现在完成时的被动语态。‎